Humankind is currently witnessing, and shaping, the most significant and rapid paradigm shift in human history - a paradigm shift of major demographic, economic, ecological, and geo-political dimensions. For the first time in human history - we are faced not with just one crisis - but a confluence of several crises; crises that are not related to a single tribe or community - a single nation -or a single region of the world - but are each global in scale. To (...) meet the challenges of these global crises will require an equally historic paradigm shift; a paradigm shift with a strong environmental ethic that restores ecological balance and integrity to our failing ecosystems, and that addresses the critical issue of climate change; a paradigm shift toward an economic system that brings about an end to poverty — and a paradigm that brings an end to war as a means to solving conflict, as it is only through a global family in harmony and peace with itself, that we can solve the unprecedented global issues facing our one common home, planet earth - and our one common future as a global family. The travel and tourism industry has, and will continue to play a vital and leading role toward this paradigm shift, and as the world's largest industry involving virtually every nation in the world — will be the central pillar of a Peace through Commerce movement. The dramatic growth of tourism in the past 60 years is one of the most remarkable economic and social phenomena of our time. The industry has grown from a total of 25 million international arrivals in 1950 to a projected 1 billion international arrivals in 2010, and a further projection to 1.6 billion by 2020. Beginning with the emergence of "Ecotourism" in the late 1980' s, there are an increasing number of tourism market segments which fall within a broad category that can be called "Peace Tourism," and classified within a framework that includes peace within ourselves, peace with others, peace with nature, peace with past generations, peace with future generations, and peace with our Creator. Since its birth in 1986, the International Institute for Peace through Tourism (IIPT) has been promoting these values of tourism together with its vision of Travel and Tourism as the world's first "Global Peace Industry" - an industry that promotes and supports the belief that every traveler is potentially an "Ambassador for Peace." This "higher purpose of tourism" includes the key role of tourism in promoting international understanding and collaboration among nations; environmental protection and preservation of biodiversity; enhancing cultures and valuing heritage; contributing to sustainable development and poverty reduction; and healing wounds of conflict. (shrink)

Contrasting the conflicting positions of Fink and Žižek, this article opens and closes with the question: is feminine jouissance ineffable? It solves the mystery of why Lacan associates the Other jouissance with women and presents an account of phallic and the Other jouissance informed by the work of Breuer and Freud. It argues that the satisfactions of Lacan’s feminine subject bear striking affinity to those of the hysteric, while phallic jouissance affords the same sort of enjoyment as that of Freud’s (...) obsessional neurotic. And, while “real” experiences make one lose one-self and may not be represented by one who was absent, this is not to say that we cannot shed light on characteristically feminine pleasure/pains. (shrink)

Antonio Gramsci is one of the major social and political theorists of the 20th century whose work has had an enormous influence on several fields, including educational theory and practice. Gramsci and Education demonstrates the relevance of Antonio Gramsci's thought for contemporary educational debates. The essays are written by scholars located in different parts of the world, a number of whom are well known internationally for their contributions to Gramscian scholarship and/or educational research. The collection deals with a broad range (...) of topics, including schooling, adult education in general, popular education, workers' education, cultural studies, critical pedagogy, multicultural education, and the role of intellectuals in contemporary society. (shrink)

Fan culture has grown immensely over the past few years. People are constantly looking up to celebrities and personalities as role models for their fashion, identity, and success. During the stage of adolescence, it is normal for teenagers to admire well- known people and form fan attachments as part of their identity formation. However, this admiration of a specific media figure can be associated with one's personality, cognitive processes, and psychological well-being. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the correlation (...) between celebrity admiration and the self-esteem of 238 Filipino male teenagers. The research instruments, namely Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were both utilized through google forms. Results have shown high scores on celebrity admiration and the normal range of self-esteem of the participants. Using Pearson’s r correlation coefficient, it was found that celebrity admiration and self-esteem of Filipino male teenagers have a significant relationship that exists in a negative direction. (shrink)

De l'inscription de Septemvri dite « inscription de Pistiros », il ressort que Pistiros est une polis qui fut autrefois sujette du roi Kotys (I) et qui, au moment de la gravure de l'inscription, est sujette d'un des trois successeurs de Kotys. Elle doit être localisée à l'endroit où Hérodote (VII 109, 2) situe une ville de ce nom : sur la côte égéenne de la Thrace, non loin du débouché du Nestos. Les deux emporia dont il est question sont (...) des places de commerce situées à l'intérieur du pays thrace, contrôlées et financièrement exploitées par le roi. La cité de Pistiros joue un rôle d'intermédiaire entre le roi, d'un côté, et de l'autre côté, les emporia de l'intérieur, la cité de Maronée et les marchands de Thasos et d'Apollonia résidant à Pistiros. À la lumière d'autres informations sur le royaume des Odryses, il semble bien que non seulement Kotys, mais aussi un de ses trois successeurs, Amatokos (II), exerçait son pouvoir à la fois sur la vallée de la Haute Marica et sur la côte égéenne. Ainsi, c'est ce dernier qui est l'auteur de la première partie de l'inscription, qui jette alors quelque lumière sur l'étendue de son pouvoir. Le réseau de communications, dont l'inscription suppose l'existence, se situe bien dans la réalité géographique de la région. On notera en particulier les liens qui unissaient la vallée de la Haute Marica au monde égéen à travers les Rhodopes. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Love of Country and Love of God: The Political Uses of Religion in MachiavelliBenedetto Fontana*This paper will discuss the place of religion in Machiavelli’s thought. 1 The traditional and generally accepted interpretation presents Machiavelli’s religion as a belief system whose value is determined by its functional utility to the state. In this he is said to resemble Cicero, 2 Montesquieu, 3 and Tocqueville, 4 among others. This view is (...) based on the proposition—one that is now fundamental to a modern understanding of Machiavelli—that his political theory develops a politics without moral, theological, and religious foundations (what Benedetto Croce 5 calls the “autonomy of politics” and Sheldon Wolin 6 the “autonomy of political theory”). Students of Machiavelli who ascribe to him an instrumentalist theory of religion rest their interpretation on this conception of politics: a distinction is established between religion viewed as religio, and religion conceived as fides, where the former is used to develop and cement social bonds and the latter is a faith based on a transcendent “truth.”A reading of the texts shows that Machiavelli discusses various kinds of religion. He refers, for example, to multiple forms of Christianity, such as “primitive” [End Page 639] or original Christianity, 7 official, medieval Christianity, the ecclesiastical principality of the papacy, as well as to ancient Judaism, 8 paganism, and to Islam. 9 However, it is possible to discern in Machiavelli two principal or distinctive types. One is based on the opposition Machiavelli sees between the religion of the Romans (which instills virtù) and the religion of the post-classical and post-Roman Christian world (which teaches humility and passivity). The other is prophetic religion, in which Machiavelli contrasts the prophet armed to the prophet unarmed. Thus, we have prophetic religion and non-prophetic religion; the former is either armed or unarmed, and the latter is either immanent (natural) or transcendent. 10Machiavelli’s stress on the importance of virtù (whether of the prince or of the people) suggests that religion is not simply religio—that is, a political technique to rule and to control the masses. Rather, it presupposes a concern for a moral fides which, though certainly not transcendent, is nevertheless necessary to the construction of a political order based on virtù. His concern with civil and military virtue links the armed prophetic religion with that of the ancient Romans, such that ancient Judaism, Islam, and a reformed Christianity (a kind of Lutheranism ante litteram) all stand opposed to primitive and post-classical Christianity.Machiavelli anticipates in theory the national, anti-papal, and anti-imperial movements that were later realized in history by the Lutheran and Calvinist Reformations. He attempts to infuse the corrupt and decadent Christian conception of the world with a new, innovating spirit, one opposed to the prevailing medieval and scholastic conception of the world. In the past Christian philosophers and thinkers revised the classical notions of virtus and arete, transforming them into Christian concepts of value. Machiavelli attempts a similar “transvaluation of values” (Nietzsche), but for different ends and in a different direction: he reinterprets the Christian religion in order to assimilate it into his conception of virtù and his vision of a vivere civile.In the first part of this paper the relation Machiavelli establishes between “speaking with God” and the founding and/or reforming of states is explored. Parallels between Christian and pre-Christian (pagan and biblical) rulers reveal a basic ambiguity in Machiavelli’s belief that religion—that is, the claim of having spoken with God—is necessary to effective rule. In the second part [End Page 640] Machiavelli’s teaching (“new ways and methods”) is compared to Christ’s message of the “good news.” The contrast between the two is presented in terms of an opposition between different “ways of living,” each with its specific moral claims and political consequences. The opposition is not, the section argues, between logos and kratos, ethos and kratos, but rather between diverse ways of understanding logos and ethos. The final section argues that Machiavelli uses biblical, pagan, and Christian forms of religious symbols and metaphors in order to reevaluate the concepts of patria and amore. In so doing... (shrink)

Une nouvelle lecture de la tablette de plomb qui a fait l’objet d’un article du BCH 139‑140 (2015‑2016), p. 211‑236, est proposée sur la base d’une vieille photographie qui a été retrouvée récemment. Elle n’infirme pas l’interprétation d’après laquelle cette tablette serait un texte magique écrit par (ou pour) le célèbre banquier Pasiôn.

L’individu dont le nom, Pasiôn fils de Dikaiarchos, est gravé sur une tablette de plomb publiée par D. Jordan en 2003 (SEG LIII 256) est bien le célèbre banquier Pasiôn, comme l’éditeur l’a soutenu, mais l’interprétation du texte proposée par celui‑ci ne semble pas convaincante. Il ne s’agit pas d’une lettre, mais d’un texte destiné à servir dans une opération magique, un katadesmos dirigé contre des personnes dont trois sont connues grâce au plaidoyer pseudo-démosthénien Contre Nikostratos. Les circonstances dans lesquelles (...) Pasiôn décida d’agir contre ces personnes par le biais de la magie ne se laissent pas établir ; il est cependant permis de supposer qu’il était mécontent des rapports entre elles et son fils aîné, Apollodôros. Il ne semble pas que cette opération magique ait été liée à un procès judiciaire. Il est intéressant, bien que non surprenant, de constater qu’il pouvait arriver à un homme très riche et influent comme le banquier Pasiôn d’avoir recours à la magie. (shrink)

Amor Masovic, responsable de la commission de recherche des disparus en Bosnie-Herzégovine et ancien responsable de la commission pour l’échange des prisonniers pendant la guerre de 1992-1995, nous présente ensuite un tableau accablant des disparitions dans les guerres récentes en ex-Yougoslavie, et des pratiques pour faire en sorte que ceux-ci ne soient ni retrouvés ni, encore moins, identifiés (d’où des fosses communes de deux types : « primaires » – où les corps furent enterrés initialement – et « secondaires » (...) – où ces mêmes corps furent ré-enterrés, souvent démembrés, après avoir été déterrés pour être dispersés et moins aisés à repérer). 28 000 des 40 000 disparus ex-Yougoslaves relèvent du conflit en Bosnie et sont à 95 % des civils protégés par les conventions de Genève. Sur les 280 charniers identifiés la plupart se trouvaient à l’arrière et non sur le front et les disparitions sont datables à des périodes de non-combat. Le but de la commission est donc d’abord de retrouver et identifier les morts pour « faire savoir » et permettre le deuil (puisque la barbarisation qui a été exercée est double : contre les victimes et contre leurs familles qui ne peuvent « vivre » tant qu’elles n’ont pas de certitude). En outre, faute de disposition légale et d’une absence de droit spécifique des disparus personne ne peut être incriminé pour une disparition devant le TPIY où les « disparus » ne sont donc pas représentés. Amor Masovic tire quatre conclusions de son exposé : 1) la barbarie exprimée aujourd’hui est pour partie un résultat des manques de la justice à l’égard des crimes de guerre de la seconde guerre mondiale ; 2) la guerre contre les civils augmente en même temps qu’augmentent les dispositions internationales contre ces exactions qui restent donc purement formelles ; 3) en Bosnie, la barbarisation s’est exercée sur les corps des victimes de façon redoublée puisque l’anéantissement des preuves du crime fait que la mort n’est pas une vraie fin. D’où une forme particulière de barbarisation d’après-guerre ; 4) seul élément plus « positif » : en Bosnie des échanges de prisonniers eurent lieu pendant la guerre sans attendre la fin du conflit ce qui est rarissime et va au-delà des exigences posées par les conventions de Genève en matière de libération des prisonniers. (shrink)

Dans l'œuvre immense de Benedetto Croce (1866-1952) l'esthétique occupe une place centrale. Philosophe peu orthodoxe inspiré par les pensées de Kant et de Vico il a profondément marqué la culture italienne. Associé souvent à Gentile avec lequel il a rompu en 1925, en s'opposant au fascisme, il a réfléchi toute sa vie à une philosophie immanentiste de l'Esprit où l'esthétique trouverait sa place à côté d'une logique, d'une philosophie de la pratique et d'une économie ou philosophie de l'utile. L'influence (...) de Croce s'exerça non seulement sur les philosophes mais aussi sur des historiens de l'art comme Lionello Venturi, Carlo Ludovico Ragghianti, Julius Schlosser, Hans Sedlmayr ou encore Herbert Read et Pierre Francastel qui en discutèrent les thèses. Le Bréviaire d'esthétique (1912) rassemble quatre conférences destinées à un public nord-américain à l'invitation du " Rice Institute " qui ouvrait alors ses portes au Texas. Ces conférences jamais prononcées furent néanmoins publiées en anglais dès 1913, et marquent une étape importante dans la réflexion esthétique du philosophe napolitain qui qualifie alors l'art d'" intuition lyrique ". À ces conférences furent ajoutés plus tard deux autres textes ici traduits. Lire Croce aujourd'hui permet de revenir à la source d'un ensemble de questions auxquelles l'esthétique contemporaine est confrontée tout en découvrant une pensée qui, bien que souvent hostile à certaines manifestations de l'art de son temps (D'Annunzio ou les futuristes par exemple), restait paradoxalement ouverte à ses transformations qu'elle recommandait de saisir dans leur singularité et leur mouvement propre. D'où une conception particulière de la critique et de ses rapports avec l'histoire de l'art que l'on trouvera ici exposée. (shrink)

The Italian philosopher Benedetto Croce (1866-1952) spent most of his life as a private scholar in Naples. His Estetica, which first appeared in 1902, has remained a seminal work not only for aesthetics but also for general linguistics. As the full title indicates, this is not a narrow work dealing with the theory of art and criticism. For Croce intended this to be the first part of his "philosophy of the spirit" and he thus presents a systematic general theory (...) intended to solve all philosophical problems. The work presents an account of the structure of the human mind and shows how art arises naturally from that structure, as well as introducing the influential notion of the organic unity of a work of art. As a result, art is shown to be integral to any life and an essential aspect of what it is to be human. This new translation of the first and most important part of the work (Theory) supersedes the defective translation by D. Ainslie, first published in 1909. It is based on the most recent Italian edition (1990). In his foreword the translator addresses the difficulties in translating certain key words in the Italian original, "scienza", "fantasia", and of course, "estetica" itself. He also furnishes the reader with helpful explanatory annotation. This publication will be of cardinal importance for all those interested in the philosophy of art, the history of criticism, and the history of linguistics. (shrink)

Excerpt from Frammenti di Etica Fermiamoci a questi tre tipi. Che cosa manca a tutti costoro? Al primo, si dirà, manca la concretezza, al secondo il coraggio, al terzo il gusto del vivere. Cioè, manca a tutti lo stesso: la forza volitiva, che è concretezza, che e coraggio, che è amore alla vita. E che cosa hanno in cambio? Non 'hanno nulla, hanno il nulla; e questo è il male, questa la ragione della loro angoscia. About the Publisher Forgotten Books (...) publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

Il sistema del Rickert.--Unità vera e unità psicologistica.--La teoria dell'errore.--La rivendicazione della "individualità".--La filosofia come "inconcludenza sublime".--Interpretazione storica delle proposizioni fiolsofiche.--Comprensione storica dei sistemi.--Sul concetto d'"individualità" nella storia della filosofia.--Intorno alla "filosofia della natura".--Il "Filosofo".--Appendice. Di un nuovo valore pratico formulato dal Rickert.

Excerpt from Philosophie de la Pratique: Économie Et Éthique En décrivant cette façon de procéder de la réflexion ordi naire en présence de la réalité, et en en montrant l'impuis sance philosophique, nous avons, en mémé temps, 'montré déjà le caractère et l'impuissance de la méthode psychologique, appliquée aux problèmes philosophiques. En effet, la philo sophie psychologique, bien qu'elle ait été exposée en 'de pesants traités et en de solennelles conférences académiques, ne fait ni plus ni moins que ce que (...) fait cette réflexion ordi naire, ou plutôt elle n'est précisément que cette réflexion ordi naire. Après avoir ramené ades classes les images des infinies manifestations de l'activité humaine, en mettant par exemple, dans ces classes, à côté de la pensée et de l'imagination la volonté et l'action, elle considère ces classes comme des rén lités. Mais les classes sont des classes et non des distinctions philosophiques celui qui, les prenant trop au sérieux, les entend de cette seconde manière se trouve ensuite, sans s'y attendre, forcé de s'apercevoir un beau jour qu'elles n'ont rien de réel. Et alors il s'exclame, crie et proclame l'inexistence des facultés de l'âme, ou déclare qu'elles ne sont qu'un artie fice mental auquel rien ne correspond dans la réalité; ou mème il va plus loin et, en mème temps que ces fausses distinctions, iljette à I'cenle critérium lui - mème ou la dis tinction, et il affirme que toutesles manifestations spirituelles se réduisent à un élément unique. Puis, cet élément finit par ètre précisément une de ces classes auparavant rejetées: de là, la tentation de montrer les faits volitifs comme n'étant rien d'autre que des faits de représentation, ou ceux de représen tation comme n'étant rien d'autre que des faits de volition, ou les uns et les autres comme n'étant que des faits de senti ment, et ainsi de suite. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

"Le religieux est-il un objet de recherche comme les autres? Exige-t-il une certaine sensibilité de la part du chercheur ou de la chercheuse? Issus de disciplines diverses, les auteurs et auteures se prononcent sur les distinctions et les convergences entraînées par la mise en tension de la neutralité et de l'engagement dans l'étude du religieux. Comprise superficiellement, cette opposition peut paraître factice : l'engagement n'est pas nécessairement religieux, car la vérité comprend aussi un engagement, et la neutralité n'est pas nécessairement (...) objective, car il y a des neutralités engagées. Qui prend au sérieux cette question n'a pas d'autres choix que d'éviter les dichotomies simplistes et d'aborder de front ce qui unit et différencie plus fondamentalement les relations entre savoir et croire. En posant la relation « neutralité ou engagement » sous forme interrogative, cet ouvrage souhaite traiter des enjeux liés au positionnement épistémologique des chercheurs et des chercheuses ainsi que de la responsabilité scientifique envers le religieux."--Page 4 de la couverture. (shrink)

Building on Jean-Luc Marion's phenomenology of love this book takes up the "question of the Other" and argues that through the interpretive activities of the amorous imagination lovers come to experience one another as the Beloved.

Within the increasingly complex picture which has emerged in recent years of the manuscript tradition of Ovid's Amores the relationship of the two earliest MSS appears to remain firm: cod. P or Puteaneus of the 9th or early 10th century, which begins at Am. 1.2.51, was copied, probably directly, from the second half of the 9th-century cod. R or Regius , whose first half now ends at Am. 1.2.50. This view, which originates in S. Tafel's dissertation of 1910 and lies (...) behind the stemma constructed by E. J. Kenney for his OCT edition of 1961 , has come to be taken by Ovidian scholars to be the truth. My purpose in this first section is to show that this idea is unlikely to be the truth and, in the form in which it has most strongly been put forward, cannot be the truth. In the second section consequences for the manuscript tradition as a whole are explored. First we shall need some details. P, the slightly later manuscript, consists in all of 99 folia, of which 1–54 contain most, but not all, of the Heroides — not all, because they are in a lacunose state, a point to which we shall return in greater detail later. Foll. 55–6 are blank sheets of paper, not parchment, clearly inserted at a much later date during rebinding. (shrink)

Within the increasingly complex picture which has emerged in recent years of the manuscript tradition of Ovid's Amores the relationship of the two earliest MSS appears to remain firm: cod. P or Puteaneus of the 9th or early 10th century, which begins at Am. 1.2.51, was copied, probably directly, from the second half of the 9th-century cod. R or Regius, whose first half now ends at Am. 1.2.50. This view, which originates in S. Tafel's dissertation of 1910 and lies behind (...) the stemma constructed by E. J. Kenney for his OCT edition of 1961, has come to be taken by Ovidian scholars to be the truth. My purpose in this first section is to show that this idea is unlikely to be the truth and, in the form in which it has most strongly been put forward, cannot be the truth. In the second section consequences for the manuscript tradition as a whole are explored. First we shall need some details. P, the slightly later manuscript, consists in all of 99 folia, of which 1–54 contain most, but not all, of the Heroides — not all, because they are in a lacunose state, a point to which we shall return in greater detail later. Foll. 55–6 are blank sheets of paper, not parchment, clearly inserted at a much later date during rebinding. (shrink)

Ovid begins his overtly programmatic Amores 2.1 with the claim that Cupid, who had previously interfered with the poet's attempt to write an epic , has once again ordered him to reject epic subjects and to compose a book of decadent love-elegies instead. Faced with this new task, the poet dutifully proceeds to warn that his elegiac verses are not suitable for the prudish but hopes that they will be read by lovers. Among the prospective readers are young men who, (...) like Ovid himself, have been shot by Cupid's arrow. (shrink)

The foremost Italian philosopher of the first half of the 20th century, Croce's influence extended to every aspect of Italian intellectual life. This collection explores the depth, originality, and significance of his thought.

Sin orden moral no puede darse desarrollo de la civilización o verdadero progreso. Ahora bien, el orden moral supone la existencia de un valor moral absoluto que no puede ser otro que el amor que Dios se tiene a sí mismo. La ética balmesiana es una ética del amor: la corrección moral de los actos humanos viene definida por su fidelidad al amor y el cumplimiento del deber. Se trata de una ética profundamente humanista que trata de evitar cualquier sombra (...) de egoísmo y utilitarismo. (shrink)

In this doctoral dissertation for the Free University at Amsterdam, the author presents Croce's early aesthetic works in the light of his life and of his general philosophical development. He concludes his "academic test" with some critical observations.--R. D. G.

Recently Mr. E. Courtney has reopened discussion on the authenticity of the last six Heroides, a subject which had almost universally been accepted as settled by scholars.2 He also briefly discussed the ninth epistle and examined certain grounds for doubting whether it is rightly included in the Ovidian canon. In this he is following Karl Lachmann, who was disposed to doubt the authenticity not only of the last six but also of those of the remainder which are not mentioned in (...) Ovid's catalogue of the epistles given at Amores 2. 18 f.3 This despoliation of the canon has not generally found favour since Lachmann, and in the case of Heroides 9 the editors and other scholars working on the poems 4 have without exception regarded the poem as a genuine specimen of Ovid's work. (shrink)

Recently Mr. E. Courtney has reopened discussion on the authenticity of the last six Heroides, a subject which had almost universally been accepted as settled by scholars.2 He also briefly discussed the ninth epistle and examined certain grounds for doubting whether it is rightly included in the Ovidian canon. In this he is following Karl Lachmann, who was disposed to doubt the authenticity not only of the last six but also of those of the remainder which are not mentioned in (...) Ovid's catalogue of the epistles given at Amores 2. 18 f.3 This despoliation of the canon has not generally found favour since Lachmann, and in the case of Heroides 9 the editors and other scholars working on the poems 4 have without exception regarded the poem as a genuine specimen of Ovid's work. (shrink)