Tomando como marco de referencia algunos conceptos básicos de la teoría política de Gramsci, el objetivo principal de este artículo es criticar la función hegemónica e ideológica que la democracia representativa desempeña en el contexto social e histórico de la globalización neoliberal. Lejos de avanzar hacia el ideal emancipador que representa, en la época del neoliberalismo globalizado la democracia es un instrumento de dominación al servicio de una regulación social excluyente y desigual que origina nuevas formas de autoritarismo.

A partir de la definición de la globalización neoliberal como un localismo occidental globalizado, expresión de un nuevo tipo de imperialismo cultural, el objetivo principal de este artículo es el de llevar a cabo una exposición analítica de la propuesta de traducción intercultural e interpolítica d..

Tomando como marco de referencia las aportaciones teóricas de la epistemología del Sur de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, el objetivo principal de este artículo es el de revisar críticamente algunas de las modernas concepciones lineales y homogeneizantes del tiempo y la historia, concretamente la filosofía ilustrada del progreso, la teleología eurocéntrica de Hegel y el finalismo histórico neoconservador del primer Fukuyama. Con este propósito, el artículo plantea un nuevo enfoque de la relación entre pasado, presente y futuro desde la perspectiva (...) crítica, emancipadora y poscolonial de la sociología de las ausencias y de las emergencias propuesta por el teórico social portugués. (shrink)

The “language-communication-society” triangle defies traditional scientific approaches. Rather, it is a phenomenon that calls for an integration of complex, transdisciplinary perspectives, if we are to make any progress in understanding how it works. The highly diverse agents in play are not merely cognitive and/or cultural, but also emotional and behavioural in their specificity. Indeed, the effort may require building a theoretical and methodological body of knowledge that can effectively convey the characteristic properties of phenomena in human terms. New complexity approaches (...) allow us to rethink our limited and mechanistic images of human societies and create more appropriate emo-cognitive dynamic and holistic models. We have to enter into dialogue with the complexity views coming out of other more ‘material’ sciences, but we also need to take steps in the linguistic and psycho-sociological fields towards creating perspectives and concepts better fitted to human characteristics. Our understanding of complexity is different – but not opposed – to the one that is more commonly found in texts written by people working in physics or computer science, for example. The goal of this book is to extend the knowledge of these other more ‘human’ or socially oriented perspectives on complexity, taking account of the language and communication singularities of human agents in society. (shrink)

This book offers insights on the study of natural language as a complex adaptive system. It discusses a new way to tackle the problem of language modeling, and provides clues on how the close relation between natural language and some biological structures can be very fruitful for science. The book examines the theoretical framework and then applies its main principles to various areas of linguistics. It discusses applications in language contact, language change, diachronic linguistics, and the potential enhancement of classical (...) approaches to historical linguistics by means of new methodologies used in physics, biology, and agent systems theory. It shows how studying language evolution and change using computational simulations enables to integrate social structures in the evolution of language, and how this can give rise to a new way to approach sociolinguistics. Finally, it explores applications for discourse analysis, semantics and cognition. (shrink)

Este texto se aboca al texto de José María Sauca titulado: “Estabilidad y cambio en la constitución: la liquidez constitucional”. La estabilidad constitucional es el eje principal sobre el que gira la discusión y en torno a este eje se discuten temas relacionados como la continuidad, el cambio y las resistencias a dichos cambios.

We consider small-weight Cutting Planes (CP * ) proofs; that is, Cutting Planes (CP) proofs with coefficients up to $\operatorname{Poly}(n)$ . We use the well known lower bounds for monotone complexity to prove an exponential lower bound for the length of CP * proofs, for a family of tautologies based on the clique function. Because Resolution is a special case of small-weight CP, our method also gives a new and simpler exponential lower bound for Resolution. We also prove the following (...) two theorems: (1) Tree-like CP * proofs cannot polynomially simulate non-tree-like CP * proofs. (2) Tree-like (CP * proofs and Bounded-depth-Frege proofs cannot polynomially simulate each other. Our proofs also work for some generalizations of the CP * proof system. In particular, they work for CP * with a deduction rule, and also for any proof system that allows any formula with small communication complexity, and any set of sound rules of inference. (shrink)

We introduce new proof systems for propositional logic, simple deduction Frege systems, general deduction Frege systems, and nested deduction Frege systems, which augment Frege systems with variants of the deduction rule. We give upper bounds on the lengths of proofs in Frege proof systems compared to lengths in these new systems. As applications we give near-linear simulations of the propositional Gentzen sequent calculus and the natural deduction calculus by Frege proofs. The length of a proof is the number of lines (...) in the proof. A general deduction Frege proof system provides at most quadratic speedup over Frege proof systems. A nested deduction Frege proof system provides at most a nearly linear speedup over Frege system where by "nearly linear" is meant the ratio of proof lengths is O) where α is the inverse Ackermann function. A nested deduction Frege system can linearly simulate the propositional sequent calculus, the tree-like general deduction Frege calculus, and the natural deduction calculus. Hence a Frege proof system can simulate all those proof systems with proof lengths bounded by O). Also we show that a Frege proof of n lines can be transformed into a tree-like Frege proof of O lines and of height O. As a corollary of this fact we can prove that natural deduction and sequent calculus tree-like systems simulate Frege systems with proof lengths bounded by O. (shrink)

Visión de Rodolfo Vigo -- Visión de Josep Aguiló Regla.

The aim of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it tries to analyze and sistematize some of the concepts used when approaching the linguislic problems concerning the legal documentation automatic systems: legal language, documentary language, linguistic coordination (a priori and a posteriori) and thesaurus. On the other hand, it intends to carry out a detailed study of the legal thesauri, focusingbasicany on its t wo structural elements: the vocabulary and the paradigmatic relationships.

A propósito de la publicación en Suhrkamp de los Philosophische Aufsätze de Tugendhat (1992), se propone una interpretación de la obra del autor (hasta ese momento) que no se conforma a la visión tópica de la ruptura entre el Tugendhat fenomenológico y el analítico-lingüístico, sino que subraya (o demuestra, más bien) los elementos de continuidad entre ambas fases, destacando el papel que cumple en ambos casos la lectura de Aristóteles y su estructura "ti kata tinos" (algo de algo), que es (...) a la vez lógica y ontológica. Un ejemplo significativo: la lectura heideggeriana de la teoría de la identificación de particulares de P. F. Strawson a partir de la inter-remisión de lugares espacio-temporales del mundo. (shrink)

El trabajo explora críticamente la idea de una justificación débil o pen última de la moral enmarcándola en el conjunto de la filosofía de Tugendhat, reordenan do sus escritos éticos y discriminando los diversos aspectos que incluye dicha idea. Entre ellos, revisa el concepto formal de moral, ligado a los sentimientos, antes de centrarse en el punto crucial: la fundamentación de la ética moderna. Aquí se distingue, por un lado, la justificación comparativa de un contractualismo igualitario frente a otras alternativas (...) teóricas y, por otro, los motivos que pueden llevar a un individuo autónomo a entenderse en términos morales. (shrink)

Spanish culture has recently shown interest about Neuroethics, a new line of research and reflection. It can be said that two general, and somewhat opposing, perspectives are currently being developed in Spain about neuroethics-related topics. One originates from the neuroscientific field and the other from the philosophical field. We will see, throughout this article, that the Spanish authors, who I am going to select here, deal with very diverse neuroethical topics and that they analyse them from different intellectual assumptions. However, (...) I consider that there is one constant concern, which emerges extensively or briefly in each one of the books that I am going to present. I am referring to the problem of freedom. Spanish neuroscientists, in general, stress and accept the new determinism that emanates from recent research about the brain, whilst those who engage in the study of philosophy usually point in their texts to the limitations of empirical research that purport to "demonstrate" the new neurological determinism. I will dedicate the last section, which is more extensive in length, to the work that I consider the most valuable, at least until the present day, and whose title is Neuroética y Neuropolítica (Tecnos, Madrid, 2011). Professor Adela Cortina (chair of Moral Philosophy at Valencia University and member of the Spanish Royal Academy of Moral and Political Science) is its author. But, firstly, I am going to refer to the works written by neuroscientists, and then to those written by philosophers. This will enable us to obtain a global view of the neuroethics models that are being constructed in Spain. (shrink)

We consider a modification of the pigeonhole principle, M P H P, introduced by Goerdt in [7]. M P H P is defined over n pigeons and log n holes, and more than one pigeon can go into a hole (according to some rules). Using a technique of Razborov [9] and simplified by Impagliazzo, Pudlák and Sgall [8], we prove that any Polynomial Calculus refutation of a set of polynomials encoding the M P H P, requires degree Ω(log n). We (...) also prove a simple Lemma giving a simulation of Resolution by Polynomial Calculus. Using this lemma, and a Resolution upper bound by Goerdt [7], we obtain that the degree lower bound is tight. Our lower bound establishes the optimality of the tree-like Resolution simulation by the Polynomial Calculus given in [6]. (shrink)

En este trabajo sobre las reflexiones del escritor vasco en torno a la muerte me ceñiré a aquellas obras de carácter filosófico en las que el tema es tratado con cierto detenimiento. Si bien es verdad que en los primeros escritos hace alguna mención breve a esta cuestión, donde propiamente la desarrolla con mayor esmero y originalidad es en cinco obras, de las que ofreceré una síntesis de las ideas más relevantes, con alguna que otra concisa crítica, a fin de (...) no superar la extensión concedida. He aquí las obras principales en las que se pronuncia sobre la muerte: Política para Amador (PA), Diccionario filosófico (DF), Despierta y lee (DL), Las preguntas de la vida (PV) y La vida eterna (VE). Leídas globalmente se pueden extraer diversos temas entremezclados, algunos tratados por clásicos filósofos, otros no. Por una mayor claridad serán aquí diferenciados y ordenados con el propósito de que resulte la presentación de esta dimensión de la ética savateriana más coherente y didáctica. (shrink)

Previous studies have explored the impact of magic tricks on different basic cognitive processes yet there is a need of examining effectiveness of a cognitive training program through magic tricks for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The present study examines the effectiveness and feasibility of the MAGNITIVE program, a manualized intervention for cognitive training through the learning of magic tricks. A total of 11 children with ADHD participated in separated groups of two different community settings, and were assessed at (...) pre-treatment, post-treatment, and a 3-month later follow-up in different tasks involving processing speed, sustained attention, selective attention, and mental flexibility. Using non parametric statistical analyses and Reliable Change Index, the results showed that these children receiving MAGNITIVE particularly improved their performance in sustained attention, shifting attention, and mental flexibility, changes were also observed in processing speed performance yet further research is needed in terms of selective attention and inhibition, given the great individual differences within this sample. Changes were maintained when the program was finished. In terms of viability, the study proved a good treatment integrity in different contexts, adherence to the curriculum, and high levels of engagement satisfaction. In this second clinical trial, MAGNITIVE program appears to be a feasible training program for children with ADHD, as an alternative for medication when possible. (shrink)