Abstract

This article argues that the problem of modernity concerns the circumstances of existence and human destiny in modern times. To understand the nature of this problem and find the corresponding solution, we need to reinterpret the thought of Karl Marx regarding the contradictions of human existence and its historical dimensions. Following Marx's line of thinking, this article reviews his critical sequence, creative transformation, and development of duality of thought on man and the world in Western history, focusing on the following four issues: how Marx, on the basis of man's sensuous objective activities, observes the duality of man and the world as well as the relationship between man's internal and external activities; how Marx discloses the true connotation and real significance of man's historical existence, history, and historicity; how Marx reveals the inherent contradictions of modern capitalist society and the destiny of modern man based on historic thought concerning man's existence; and by praising Marx's views on material production and the eternal significance of ancient Greek culture, the article reveals another dimension of Marx's thought, a dimension that tends to be ignored. This article holds that in this era of globalization, it is extremely important and urgent to have an in-depth understanding of Marx's historical thoughts regarding human existence and of the feasibility of his theory. Moreover, it is imperative to further develop this understanding to create a clearer picture of our own path of development and our outlook on humanity.