Abstract

Older approaches to planning lack the capacity to be responsive to complexity. A new philosophy supporting a new mode of practice could improve significantly the capacity of society to cope with complexity in design, planning, and policy making. The new philosophy and practice must be generic; in other words, it must be divorced in its philosophy and approach from any particular kind of planning activity. It must emphasize the capacity to enhance the work of groups in designing new conceptual structures whether they be plans, policies, or tangible products