Abstract

It has been shown in the article that the negative medianity is that theoretical concept, which, on the one hand, shows the clinical picture of each particular case of a pandemic, and, on the other hand, it takes into account the socio-cultural, economic-geographical and other specific circumstances of the emergence of the pandemic. It has been found out that cases of the negative medianity can be represented in the horizons of language games by L. Wittgenstein. The essence of mosaic pandemics has been characterized through the concept of language games, firstly, by a certain set of concepts, secondly, by a certain set of actions for the diagnosis and counteraction of a pandemic, thirdly, by a certain compendium of the rules to be followed, and fourthly, by some uncertainty as it is impossible to predict how pandemic will end. A semiotic approach to the study of the phenomenon of the pandemic has been suggested. It has been shown that the semiotic approach to the study of the pandemic contains, on the one hand, the stratagems of a medical semiotic, which consists of general and private parts, and on the other hand, it consists of semiotics as a humanitarian and interdisciplinary research direction. It has been found out that the semiotic structure of the pandemic should take into account three levels which predict each other mutually. It has been shown in the article that the concept of «extreme situation» is based on the non-classical understanding of the situation, which involves the presence of several aspects: problems, shocks, choices, boundaries and mood. It has been proved that the features of the pandemic as an extreme situation are: negligence, danger, extra ordinariness, stress, non-adaptation. The three layers of the extreme situation have been revealed. It has been shown that the antagonism of entropy and negentropy in the framework of the humanity-environment system is mutually exclusive and is rooted in the fundamental binary opposition of «order / chaos». And in the modern post-classical world this requires the search for new dialogues between humanity and the environment.