Abstract

Langby argues that a panentheistic conception of God can contribute better to our environmental concerns than classical theism, because nature is more inherently valuable in panentheism than in classical theism. Furthermore, pantheism could contribute to an even deeper environmental ethics than classical theism and panentheism since, in pantheism, all aspects of the world are seen as sacred and divine. Nevertheless, the benefits of the ontological God-world monism essential to pantheism are less significant than one might think. Both panentheism and pantheism emphasize the divinity of the physical, bodily, and natural world, making the relative benefits of pantheism small compared to panentheism.