Abstract

Podlaga Aristotelove kozmologije je njegova fizika. Aristotelova fizika stalno prekoračuje svet življenja, a iz vsakodnevnih evidenc išče oporo za nove uvide. Temeljne postavke njegove kozmologije so podane v spisu O nebu: svet je telesen, večen, edinstven, sferičen itn. Je usodno za večino prikazov Aristotelove kozmologije, da "preskočijo" telesnost sveta. To je kasneje povzročilo cel niz nesporazumov glede statusa materije. V teoriji elementov postavi hipotezo, da lahkost nasproti teži ni samo relativno določilo, temveč je zemlja absolutno težka, ogenj pa absolutno lahek. Ta teorija preprečuje izginotje elementov, zlasti pa izginotje elementa Zemlje. Človek je v svet vključen s svojimi čuti: čutilni organi so tako zgrajeni, tako da kot svoj del vključujejo vse štiri elemente. Svet in Bog sta zadnja obroča, ki obdajata človeka. Razumevanje sveta, ki temelji na poslušanju narave more biti mera sodobne kozmologije in mera pravičnosti.Aristotle's cosmology is, on the one hand, a synthesis of earlier Greek philosophy and the beginning of physics as a natural science, but on the other hand it has been an epistemological "obstacle" in the process of the formation of modern natural science at times of scientific revolution. Aristotle's royal road to cosmology is his Physics. Aristotle's cosmology in de Caelo has some well-known fundamental "first suppositions": universe is corporeal, eternal, unique, spherical etc. Many interpretations of Aristotle's cosmology omitted the corporeality of the world. This omission was the origin of an entire series of controversies about the principle of matter. Aristotle's hypothesis that light versus heavy is not only a relative determination is very important because it prevents the annihilation of the element of earth. The human being is connected with the everyday environment through his senses. The matter of sense organs consists of all four simple bodies: earth, water, air, and fire. World and God are the last two rings that surround a human being. Listening to nature is the measure of both contemporary cosmology and for our way of being in the world.