Abstract

The Arab-Persian Islamic philosophy is very interesting and diverse. This philosophy turned back to the Western tradition the majority of ancient Greek philosophers and gave the world a lot of interesting ideas and thoughts. But it did not appear out of nowhere. Islam and its philosophy combine a lot of cultures and traditions. Why should we distinguish between Arabic and Persian Medieval philosophy? Of course, they both occur on the soil of Islam, but for the Arabs it is a fundamental step from paganism to a monotheistic religion, and for the Persians it is just the transition from one revealed religion to another. This fact affected these two philosophies, making them not conciliating foes. The influence of Zoroastrianism is present in Islamic Shiism and its thoughts and ideas have become traditional for Muslims. Sufism, Shiism and other Muslim confessions enriched and expanded Islam and the philosophical ideas of Zoroastrianism have enriched the Arab-Persian philosophy. Zoroastrian Persian culture has played a leading role in forming not only Shiism, but also the transformation of Islam in a multicultural and multilingual culture and religion. Iranian civilization has played the same role in the development of Muslim culture as Greek civilization in the formation of Christianity and its culture.