Abstract

Acceptance the philosophical rule of unity and belief in a unitary ground for all multiple creatures leads philosophers to the problem of the nature of emanation of multiplicity form God who is one from all respects. Peripatetic philosophers like Ibn Sina in response to this problem have proposed a well-known theory about the order of universe. In contrast, Muslim theologians with religious motives have opposed both this rule and philosophical views about the order of existence. Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi in his works by establishing the rule of one and in response to the criticism of opponents supports the theories of philosophers like Ibn Sina. However, in some of his works, Mohaghigh Tusi offers his own utterance. He believes that from the one, for the reason that it is one, emanates nothing except one, but emanation of multiple beings from a single ground with different aspects is possible. In his works, Mohaghigh Tusi carefully formulates the causal orders of creatures. In the first order a being emanates from the Most High and in the second order there are two beings which one of them has emanated from the first ground. In the following orders in addition to creatures which themselves have emanated from the Most High, become the source of different things, also special creatures emanate from the ground of the Most High.