Razonabilidad política y razón cultural. Proyección crítica de la idea de razón pública en John Rawls

Tópicos 11:83-106 (2003)
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Abstract

In this essay the idea of "public reason" of John Rawls in his potentiality is examined and projected, firstly, with regard to the rationality of certain fundamental human rights, as the freedom of conscience, the freedom of education and of association, which a democratic constitutional state shaped on the ground of the political conception of the justice as fairness, must guarantee in the framework of a reasonable pluralism. Secondly, I aim to show starting from some anthropological topics developed from St Augustin and H. Arendt, the ontological base of the cultural and political pluralism, to articulate it with the theory of the political liberalism and its conception of the political unit of the state. Thirdly, the tension between ´the rational thing` and ´the reasonable thing` in Rawls is analyzed and checked, to show the anchorage of a dual conceptuation, cultural and political of the public reason. Finally, I trace in the theoretical frame of the political liberalism the dialectics of the public dual reason in an alive democracy.En este artículo se examina y proyecta, en primer lugar, la idea de "razón pública" de John Rawls en su potencialidad con respecto a la racionalidad de ciertos derechos humanos fundamentales, como la libertad de conciencia, de educación y de asociación, que un estado democrático constitucional, configurado desde la concepción política de la justicia como equidad, debe garantizar en el marco de un pluralismo razonable. En segundo lugar, desde algunos tópicos antropológicos desarrollados desde San Agustín y H. Arendt, se intenta mostrar la base ontológica del pluralismo cultural y político, para articularla con la teoría del liberalismo político y su concepción de la unidad política estatal. En tercer lugar, se analiza y revisa la tensión entre "lo racional" y "lo razonable" en Rawls, para mostrar el anclaje de una conceptuación dual de la razón pública, como "razón pública cultural" y "razón pública política". Finalmente, se plantea la dialéctica de la razón pública dual en función de una democracia viva en el marco teórico del liberalismo político

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