El debate sobre la generación expontánea en la historia de la higiene pública

Episteme 13 (2001)
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Abstract

A menudo, la respuesta dada por Pasteur a aquellos que sostenían la generación espontánea ha sido considerada como un punto de ruptura con el antiguo modo de pensar las epidemias. En ese momento, se dice, las explicaciones higienistas clásicas, básicamente infeccionistas, se tornaron insatisfactorias y, por esa razón, fueron sustituidas por explicaciones fundadas en un contagionismo estricto. Pero, si prestamos más atención a las practicas que a los discursos, podremos ver que muchas estrategias infeccionistas fueron no sólo mantenidas sino también reforzadas después de la emergencia de la microbiología. En este trabajo, intentamos entender esa continuidad analizando los argumentos y las tesis que Pasteur sostuvoen su polémica con Pouchet, especialmente las diferencias que existen entre sus argumentos y aquellos defendidos por los naturalistas.Often, Pasteur’s response to those that sustained the spontaneous generation has been considered like a point of rupture with the old way of think about epidemics. In this moment, it is said, the classical hygienist explanations,basically infectionist explanations, had become unsatisfactory and, for this reason, they had been supplanted by explanations grounded on an strict contagionism. But, if we pay more attention to the practices than to the discourses, we’ll be able to see that many infectionist strategies were not only kept but also reinforced after the emergency of microbiology. In this paper we try to understand this continuity by analyzing the arguments and the thesis that Pasteur sustained in his discussion with Pouchet, specially the differences that exist between his arguments and those of the naturalists.

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