O caráter histórico-social do conhecimento no pensamento de marx

Trans/Form/Ação 40 (3):157-174 (2017)
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Abstract

Resumo: Este texto tem por objetivo discutir a teoria do conhecimento em Marx e em Engels, além de pontuar os estudos que realizaram sobre a ciência. Esses pensadores do século XIX não se destacaram por elaborar reflexões filosóficas sobre o tema, tal como os modernos fizeram; para compreender o momento histórico deles, caracterizado pela produção capitalista, as preocupações orientavam-se para revisar as filosofias idealistas, considerando-as ideológicas e insuficientes para pensar o que entendiam por realidade material, social. Em contraposição, elaboraram um novo pressuposto teórico pelo qual procuravam explicitar a articulação entre as forças produtivas, concebendo-as como base sob as quais se engendram as relações sociais e as ideias a elas correspondentes, bem como as lutas históricas travadas no interior da mesma sociedade. Compreenderam que o conhecimento e a ciência estão articulados com as bases materiais da produção e que cabe a eles explicar as relações. Esse modo de entender a sociedade de seu tempo mostra-se original, o que justifica estudos que tendem a buscar neles referências teóricas para explicitar as contradições atuais.: This text aims to discuss the theory of knowledge in Marx and Engels, noting as well their studies of science. These two thinkers of the nineteenth century did not stand out for developing philosophical reflections on the subject, in contrast to the moderns. In order to understand their own historical moment, characterized by capitalist production, Marx and Engels concerned themselves with criticizing and revising the idealist philosophies of their day, considering these philosophies to be ideological and insufficient for thinking about what they understood by material and social reality. They therefore developed new theoretical assumptions which sought to clarify the relationship between productive forces, understanding these forces as the basis upon which social relations and the ideas corresponding to them, as well as the historical struggles within society, were engendered. They understood that knowledge and science are articulated on the basis of material production, and saw it as their task to explain the relationship between these factors. This way of understanding the society of their time was an original one, justifying studies that seek theoretical references in their thought that are useful for understanding current contradictions.

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