Les métaphores sont des expressions comme les autres

Archives de Philosophie 4 (4):559-578 (2007)
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Abstract

Souvent les philosophes traitent les métaphores comme si elles constituaient un usage du langage exceptionnel et transcendant. Une telle perspective repose sur l’idée de ‘sens littéral’ en tant que sens des mots supposé intrinsèque, indépendant du contexte et de l’usage. Cet article critique cette représentation, et tente de montrer que, une fois qu’on a pris en compte l’usage-en-contexte comme sol réel de la signification, il est impossible de pas reconnaître dans les métaphores une dimension authentique, et ordinaire à la fois, de signification. Ainsi, l’article, adoptant un point de vue radicalement contextualiste, souligne la continuité entre les usages dits littéraux et les usages métaphoriques. Philosophers often deal with metaphors as if they depended on an exceptional and transcendent use of language. Such a view rests on the idea of ‘literal meaning’ as some intrinsic meaning of the words, independent of the context and of the use. This paper criticizes that representation, and attempts to show that, once one takes into account use-in-context as the real ground of meaning, it is impossible not to acknowledge metaphors as a genuine and at the same time ordinary dimension of meaning. So, the paper, adopting a radical contextualist point of view, emphasizes the continuity between the so-called literal and metaphorical uses

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Jocelyn Benoist
Université paris 1

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