We argue that genuine biological autonomy, or described at human level as free will, requires taking into account quantum vacuum processes in the context of biological teleology. One faces at least three basic problems of genuine biological autonomy: (1) if biological autonomy is not physical, where does it come from? (2) Is there a room for biological causes? And (3) how to obtain a workable model of biological teleology? It is shown here that the solution of all these three problems (...) is related to the quantum vacuum. We present a short review of how this basic aspect of the fundamentals of quantum theory, although it had not been addressed for nearly 100 years, actually it was suggested by Bohr, Heisenberg, and others. Realizing that the quantum mechanical measurement problem associated with the “collapse” of the wave function is related, in the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics, to a process between self-consciousness and the external physical environment, we are extending the issue for an explanation of the different processes occurring between living organisms and their internal environment. Definitions of genuine biological autonomy, biological aim, and biological spontaneity are presented. We propose to improve the popular two-stage model of decisions with a biological model suitable to obtain a deeper look at the nature of the mind-body problem. In the newly emerging picture biological autonomy emerges as a new, fundamental and inevitable element of the scientific worldview. (shrink)

Cet article se veut une présentation des méthodes principales que nécessitent les études en géolinguistique, un vaste domaine de recherche consacré à l’analyse de la variation, du changement et de la diffusion linguistiques. Je présenterai d’abord les outils méthodologiques d’enquêtes de terrain indispensables à la constitution d’un corpus de matériaux oraux (et visuels) qui permettent des analyses géolinguistiques, dont également celles de type comparatif. Plusieurs de ces concepts pourraient être appliqués à d’autres disciplines des sciences humaines en raison de leur (...) caractère général. Ensuite, je montrerai quelles sont les méthodes cartographiques les plus appropriées pour présenter et représenter la variation géolinguistique. Des données de l’Atlas linguistique des variétés berbères du Rif (Lafkioui 2007) seront utilisées pour illustrer les méthodes examinées. (shrink)

'Nadeau and Kafatos supply plenty of food for thought: the apparently recondite concept of non-locality, they suggest, has consequences everywhere.'--Publisher's Weekly.

In a globalizing world, governments are not always able or willing to regulate the social and environmental externalities of global business activities. Multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSI), defined as global institutions involving mainly corporations and civil society organizations, are one type of regulatory mechanism that tries to fill this gap by issuing soft law regulation. This conceptual paper examines the conditions of a legitimate transfer of regulatory power from traditional democratic nation-state processes to private regulatory schemes, such as MSIs. Democratic legitimacy is (...) typically concerned with input legitimacy (rule credibility, or the extent to which the regulations are perceived as justified) and output legitimacy (rule effectiveness, or the extent to which the rules effectively solve the issues). In this study, we identify MSI input legitimacy criteria (inclusion, procedural fairness, consensual orientation, and transparency) and those of MSI output legitimacy (rule coverage, efficacy, and enforcement), and discuss their implications for MSI democratic legitimacy. (shrink)

In a globalizing world, governments are not always able or willing to regulate the social and environmental externalities of global business activities. Multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSI), defined as global institutions involving mainly corporations and civil society organizations, are one type of regulatory mechanism that tries to fill this gap by issuing soft law regulation. This conceptual paper examines the conditions of a legitimate transfer of regulatory power from traditional democratic nation-state processes to private regulatory schemes, such as MSIs. Democratic legitimacy is (...) typically concerned with input legitimacy (rule credibility, or the extent to which the regulations are perceived as justified) and output legitimacy (rule effectiveness, or the extent to which the rules effectively solve the issues). In this study, we identify MSI input legitimacy criteria (inclusion, procedural fairness, consensual orientation, and transparency) and those of MSI output legitimacy (rule coverage, efficacy, and enforcement), and discuss their implications for MSI democratic legitimacy. (shrink)

We can communicate linguistic information by asserting sentences that are not explicitly about linguistic matters. Stalnaker offers a pragmatic account of this phenomenon. It is not clear that such an account is correct. In this article I offer an alternative account that does not rely on pragmatic mechanisms and which captures many of the insights in Stalnaker's theory of linguistic communication. The view is inspired by Barker's semantics of vague adjectives.

Multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs)—private governance mechanisms involving firms, civil society organizations, and other actors deliberating to set rules, such as standards or codes of conduct, with which firms comply voluntarily—have become important tools for governing global business activities and the social and environmental consequences of these activities. Yet, this growth is paralleled with concerns about MSIs’ deliberative capacity, including the limited inclusion of some marginalized stakeholders, bias toward corporate interests, and, ultimately, ineffectiveness in their role as regulators. In this article, we (...) conceptualize MSIs as deliberative systems to open the black box of the different elements that make up the MSI polity and better understand how their deliberative capacity hinges on problems in different elements. On the basis of this conceptualization, we examine how deliberative mini-publics—forums in which a randomly selected group of individuals from a particular population engage in learning and facilitated deliberations about a topic—can improve the deliberative capacity of MSIs. (shrink)

As corporations are going global, they are increasingly confronted with human rights challenges. As such, new ways to deal with human rights challenges in corporate operations must be developed as traditional governance mechanisms are not always able to tackle them. This article presents five different views on innovative solutions for the relationships between business and human rights that all build on empowerment, dialogue and constructive engagement. The different approaches highlight an emerging trend toward a more active role for corporations in (...) the protection of human rights. The first examines the need for enhanced dialogue between corporations and their stakeholders. The next three each examine a different facet of empowerment, a critical factor for the respect and protection of human rights: empowerment of the poor, of communities, and of consumers. The final one presents a case study of constructive corporate engagement in Myanmar (Burma). Altogether, these research projects provide insight into the complex relationships between corporate operations and human rights, by highlighting the importance of stakeholder dialogue and empowerment. All the five projects were presented during the Second Swiss Master Class in Corporate Social Responsibility, held in Lausanne, Switzerland on December 12, 2008. The audience for this conference, which examined business and human rights, was composed of researchers, governmental representatives, and business and non-governmental organization practitioners. (shrink)

As corporations are going global, they are increasingly confronted with human rights challenges. As such, new ways to deal with human rights challenges in corporate operations must be developed as traditional governance mechanisms are not always able to tackle them. This article presents five different views on innovative solutions for the relationships between business and human rights that all build on empowerment, dialogue and constructive engagement. The different approaches highlight an emerging trend toward a more active role for corporations in (...) the protection of human rights. The first examines the need for enhanced dialogue between corporations and their stakeholders. The next three each examine a different facet of empowerment, a critical factor for the respect and protection of human rights: empowerment of the poor, of communities, and of consumers. The final one presents a case study of constructive corporate engagement in Myanmar (Burma). Altogether, these research projects provide insight into the complex relationships between corporate operations and human rights, by highlighting the importance of stakeholder dialogue and empowerment. All the five projects were presented during the Second Swiss Master Class in Corporate Social Responsibility, held in Lausanne, Switzerland on December 12, 2008. The audience for this conference, which examined business and human rights, was composed of researchers, governmental representatives, and business and non-governmental organization practitioners. (shrink)

Today, the skills-based approach is increasingly in demand by companies due, in large part, to the fact that it favors the management of human resources by focusing on individual capabilities; which, finally, improves the job profile of a company. As a result, choosing the right candidates has become increasingly selective. Universities, therefore, need to teach skills to improve the incorporation of graduates into the workplace making it as successful as possible. For this reason, it is of special relevance to know (...) if college students consider that the acquisition of skills is key for their incorporation into the workplace. The main objective of this study was to analyze and compare the importance assigned to the acquisition of basic skills in the university education of 694 students studying four different bachelor degrees: pedagogy, early childhood education, primary education, and psychology. For this purpose, a Likert-type questionnaire on basic skills was distributed with four possible options and the following five dimensions that grouped basic skills: organizational and planning capacity; access to information sources; analysis and synthesis of texts, situations, and people; teamwork; and problem solving. The results show that as a whole all students across different bachelor degrees gave a high score to the acquisition of basic skills, with early childhood education students giving it greater importance compared to the students from other disciplines and, more specifically, differences were observed in some dimensions depending on the bachelor degree that they have started. (shrink)

Il s’agit dans cet article de montrer que l’éthique ricoeurienne exposée dans Soi-même comme un autre peut et doit être pensée par rapport à l’anthropologie et l’ontologie que le philosophe a progressivement développées depuis son premier grand projet philosophique phénoménologique jusqu’à son œuvre de maturité. Dans le but d’esquisser cette approche des fondements onto-anthropologiques de l’éthique ricœurienne, nous partons d’abord des textes de jeunesse de Ricœur dans lesquels il développe une longue méditation sur le risque qu’implique l’acte de la liberté: (...) risque d’être soi-même, de décider et d’agir sur le monde avec et pour les autres. Puis, notre analyse s’intéresse à la conception ricœurienne du consentement et de l’affectivité afin de voir dans quelle mesure elle est susceptible d’éclairer le développement de l’éthique et de la notion de sujet éthique dans le cadre de la phénoménologie herméneutique de Ricœur. L’article conduit ainsi une analyse de la question du “je peux” et du “je veux” dans Le volontaire et l’involontaire, en passant par L’homme faillible pour déboucher enfin sur un examen de “l’homme agissant et souffrant” dans Soi-même comme un autre. (shrink)

RESUMEN Este artículo reconstruye la genealogia arendtiana de las formas extremas de la violencia, tomando como hilo conductor los procesos de desingularización con un doble propósito: por un lado, analizar las (dis)continuidades históricas de dicha genealogia que trasciende la dimensión fisico-instrumental de la violencia y entra conexión con la (des)configuración de la identidad personal; por otro lado, reivindicar la vigencia de la obra de Hannah Arendt para explorar los ecos presentes de esa violencia, sin perder de vista su especificad actual. (...) ABSTRACT This paper reconstructs the Arendtian genealogy of the extreme forms of violence, taking desingularization processes as its guiding thread, with a twofold goal: on the one hand, to analyze the historical (dis)continuities of that genealogy, that goes beyond the physical-instrumental dimension of violence and comes into connection with the (de)configuration of personal identity; on the other hand, to claim the validity of Arendt's work to explore the echoes of that violence, without losing sight of its current specificity. (shrink)

El ensayo recoge las reflexiones sobre el desarrollo histórico y social de dos actividades inherentes al ser humano: la Ciencia y la Educación. La Ciencia, que surge como un nuevo tipo de visión sobre la realidad perceptible, que trasciende otro tipo de explicaciones posibles, entre ellas, las mitológicas o las subjetivas derivadas del sentido común, mediante un proceso que se fue perfeccionando con el paso de los siglos. Y la Educación, vista en sus comienzos como actividad mecánica, instruccional o de (...) adoctrinamiento (relegada al terreno abstracto de la Filosofía), que resurge a mediados del siglo XX tras la debacle de la segunda guerra mundial, como proceso transformador de un hombre nuevo para un mundo nuevo. Por lo cual, el ensayo también analiza la reivindicación de las «Ciencias Sociales y Humanas» como herramienta que posibilitó la construcción de consensos transformadores durante el periodo de posguerra para lograr la recuperación del sentido humano, que es común a los pueblos y naciones como un todo social. Finalmente, el documento aborda la necesidad de investigar en Educación con el fin de entender y mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, siendoun terreno en el que confluyen otras ciencias afines como la Psicología y la Neurología. Las conclusiones refuerzan el análisis, mostrando la manera armoniosa en que se integran conocimiento y humanismo a través de los procesos de Ciencia y Educación, como reflejo de de la condición humana. (shrink)

Roads to Reference offers a highly valuable contribution to the theory of reference. The arguments in this book are quite convincing and the overall picture presented in it is quite attractive. In what follows I would like to present some critical comments regarding the first chapter of the book, Demonstratives and Conflicting Intentions.

El presente artículo busca interrogar al fenómeno de la apelación. Para ello, se examinará el vínculo entre fenomenología y apelación preguntándonos qué es preciso entender por la máxima husserliana que conmina a un retorno a las cosas mismas; en segundo lugar, intentaremos dilucidar cómo la obediencia crítica a la consigna fenomenológica ha supuesto una recomprensión de fenómeno al punto de transformar la consigna husserliana en un verdadero “retorno de las cosas mismas”. Finalmente, nos proponemos interrogar la apelación del fenómeno, a (...) partir del diálogo entre Marion y Romano. No solo intentaremos dilucidar cuál es la especificidad de la apelación, sino qué relación estricta hay entre fenómeno, particularmente insigne o saturado y apelación. (shrink)

This brief report assessed the psychometric validity and gender invariance of the School Burnout Inventory –a measure of students’ exhaustion, cynicism, and inadequacy– in a convenience sample of 972 high school Chilean students ranging between 12 and 18 years old. The results showed that: the SBI produces adequate scores in terms of reliability; two models fitted adequately fit to our sample and was invariant across gender; and the SBI scores were significantly related to other related constructs. Overall, the SBI was (...) found to be a reliable and valid inventory to assess school burnout in Chilean high school students. (shrink)

Introduction (version française) à ERRS 2018, 9, 2, “Affectivité, initiative, fragilité et vulnérabilité dans l’anthropologie philosophique de Ricœur”.

Introduction (english version) of ERRS, 2018, 9, 2, “Affectivity, Initiative, Fragility and Vulnerability in Ricœur’s Philosophical Anthropology”.

Este estudio presenta los resultados de un análisis acústico-estadístico de las consonantes fricativas labiodentales e interdentales sonoras y áfonas del mapudungun hablado en Alto Biobío. El propósito de la presente investigación fue determinar si parámetros acústicos espectrales, parámetros de duración y parámetros de amplitud permiten distinguir el punto de articulación y la sonoridad de estos sonidos. Los resultados indicaron que los momentos espectrales, la duración, la amplitud absoluta y la amplitud normalizada permiten diferenciar entre las fricativas sonoras y áfonas; mientras (...) que la varianza, la duración y la amplitud normalizada permiten distinguir las consonantes labiodentales de las interdentales. Sin embargo, la capacidad que la varianza y la duración absoluta muestran para distinguir entre las consonantes sonoras y las áfonas se restringe a las consonantes labiodentales cuando se considera la interacción entre sonoridad con el punto de articulación y sexo del participante. Estos resultados son discutidos a la luz de la literatura sobre la utilidad de este tipo de mediciones acústicas para capturar contrastes de modo, punto y sonoridad, y en vista del estado del arte sobre las características del sistema fonético y fonológico de esta variedad del mapudungun. (shrink)

Research on corporate sustainability has started to acknowledge the role of temporality in creating more sustainable organizations. Yet, these advances tend to treat firms as monolithic and we have little understanding of how different temporal patterns throughout an organization shape perceptions of and actions toward sustainability. Building on studies highlighting how the temporal structures of work shape employee engagement with different organizational processes and issues, we seek to answer: How does the temporality of work practices structure perceptions of corporate sustainability (...) throughout the firm? Using data from an ethnography of a small European sustainable bank, we provide an account of the variety of ways in which employees in different departments perceive the bank and how they engage with sustainability. We then go on to show how the temporal structures of work practices within different departments help explain some divergence in perceptions of sustainability. Our study highlights the variegation of temporal structures in organizational processes of meaning-making and its role for a better understanding of the efforts to make corporations more sustainable. (shrink)

Se interroga la atencionalidad propia del amor en cuanto que experiencia privilegiada y primordial del cuidado. En busca de un acceso al fenómeno del amor, se propone interrogarlo conforme al tipo de atención que promueve, asumiendo y discutiendo los recursos aportados por la fenomenología husserliana, así como por las fenomenologías contraintencionales, en particular la de Waldenfels. De este modo, si para describir este fenómeno es preciso dar cuenta del fundamento afectivo de la atención, también hay que reconocer que el amor (...) es vivido como un hecho original o un acontecimiento que implica para el amante una reorientación existencial y atencional. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se interroga la atencionalidad propia del amor en cuanto que experiencia privilegiada y primordial del cuidado. En busca de un acceso al fenómeno del amor, se propone interrogarlo conforme al tipo de atención que promueve, asumiendo y discutiendo los recursos aportados por la fenomenología husserliana, así como por las fenomenologías contraintencionales, en particular la de Waldenfels. De este modo, si para describir este fenómeno es preciso dar cuenta del fundamento afectivo de la atención, también hay que reconocer que el (...) amor es vivido como un hecho original o un acontecimiento que implica para el amante una reorientación existencial y atencional. ABSTRACT The article inquires into the attentionality inherent to love as a privileged and primordial experience of care. Seeking access to the phenomenon of love, we suggest inquiring into it according to the type of attention it promotes, drawing on and discussing the resources provided by Husserlian phenomenology, as well as by counter-intentional phenomenologies, particularly Waldenfels'. Thus, while it is necessary to account for the affective grounds of attention in order to describe this phenomenon, it is also essential to recognize that love is experienced as an original fact or as an event that entails an existential and attentional reorientation of the lover. (shrink)

El presente artículo busca interrogar el pathos de la vida y de la existencia, a partir del estudiode las obras de Michel Henry y de Henri Maldiney. Dicho intento de ampliar la razón recobrando ladimensión afectiva de la vida o de la existencia ha orientado a la fenomenologíahacia una reflexión profunda sobre una inmanencia absoluta de la vida o sobre la apertura hacia elacontecimiento de sentido que es propia a la existencia. De este modo, nos pregunatremos quéfenomenología se apropia mejor (...) la tarea de ampliar la razón hacia la dimensióndel sentir y de la afectividad. (shrink)

Background: Serious games have shown positive results in increasing motivation, adherence to treatment and strengthening the therapeutic alliance in multiple psychiatric disorders. In particular, patients with impulse control disorders and other disorders in which the patient suffers from inhibitory control deficits have been shown to benefit from serious games.Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and to evaluate the usability of a new serious videogame, e-Estesia. This serious videogame was designed to improve emotion regulation in patients (...) with gambling disorder. Preliminary results from a pilot sample are also reported.Method: A pilot sample of 26 patients undergoing treatment for GD was recruited. Participants used e-Estesia on a tablet, which was connected to a thoracic band that sent heart rate and heart rate variability data to the videogame platform in order to provide biofeedback. The System Usability Scale was completed by patients to determine the usability of e-Estesia.Results and Discussion: e-Estesia performed comparatively well for all the explored groups. Around 84.6% of the patients endorsed that it was easy to use. Female patients with GD presented higher HRV during the use of the serious videogame compared to men. (shrink)

Algunas aseveraciones que no son acerca del significado de las palabras usadas pueden transmitir información acerca de ese significado. En (Mena, 2022) ofrecí una teoría para explicar este fenómeno de manera puramente semántica. Lo novedoso de la teoría consiste en incluir las interpretaciones del lenguaje en las circunstancias de evaluación: los parámetros respecto a los cuales evaluamos los contenidos de las expresiones ling¨üísticas. En este ensayo argumento que las aseveraciones de oraciones que contienen indéxicos pueden transmitir información acerca del contexto (...) de uso, aunque esas oraciones no sean acerca de contextos. Dado esto, ofrezco una extensión de mi teoría de los efectos metalingüísticos para modelar a los indéxicos de manera similar. También discuto las muchas maneras en que la teoría aquí presentada se distingue de otras semánticas bidimensionales. (shrink)

O estudo do autoritarismo e da orientação à dominância social (SDO) tem virado foco de pesquisas recentemente, devido à sua importância na vida das pessoas. O artigo objetivou investigar a presença dos construtos autoritarismo e SDO em adolescentes e as variáveis comumente associadas, por meio de uma revisão sistemática utilizando o modelo PRISMA. Dois juízes consultaram as bases Pubmed, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO e EBSCO. Dos 278 artigos encontrados 12 artigos foram selecionados. Identificou-se três categorias: transgeracionalidade, caraterísticas cognitivo-comportamentais, (...) e valores sociopolíticos. Os principais resultados sugerem que a transmissão do autoritarismo e da SDO está associada à relação estabelecida pelos pais, a fatores como a inteligência e a personalidade e a participação em atividades cívicas e sociais. Verificou-se a ausência de estudos experimentais e o predomínio de pesquisas com delineamento quantitativo transversal. É importante a identificação de posicionamentos políticos e visões sobre o mundo durante a adolescência. (shrink)