The Guan Zhong school of thought was formed by the people of the state of Qi during the Warring States period in inheriting and developing the legacy of Guan Zhong's ideas. This school, on the basis of the concrete conditions and the cultural tradition of the state of Qi, and in summing up the experience of social reform in that state, provided the feudal rulers with a complete system of political philosophy. It was distinctly apart from the Meng-Xun school, which (...) had historic connections with the civilization of the state of Lu and the Shang -Han school, which originated in the three Jin states . Generally speaking, the primary distinctions between the three schools reside in their different attitudes toward the patriarchal rule system. The Lu school, i.e., the Confucian school, adopted the attitude of wholesale acceptance of the patriarchal rule system. It advocated the establishment of a feudalists hierarchical system of patriarchal government molded after the rule-by-rites order of the Zhou dynasty. The Three Jins school, i.e., the Legalist school, stood on the exact opposite end to this and adopted the attitude of totally rejecting the rule-by-patriarchal system, but advocating the establishment of a monarchical regime which was absolutely despotic. It believed that the code of morality based on patriarchal rule was disadvantageous to the monarchical regime, that standards of good and bad ought to be replaced by standards of merit, and that law should replace morals. The Qi school, i.e., the Guan Zhong school, stood in between the other two. It adopted an attitude of accepting the patriarchal system in part while also rejecting it in part. It advocated that the patriarchal rule system and the system of centralized authority must be organically integrated, that rule by rites and rule by law must also be integrated. In this way it emphasized strengthening the monarchical power through the means of law while at the same time it also emphasized using the patriarchal and clan-oriented morals to consolidate feudalistic government. Thus, on the premise of their different attitudes toward the patriarchal system, each of these three schools created and established a completed system of social-political and philosophical thought. They engaged each other in polemics, and each propagandized its ideas broadly and played very major roles on the stage of the contention of the hundred schools of scholarship and thought during the Warring States period. (shrink)

本书收录的文章按照四个主题进行了编排,分别是:世界历史与世界交往、马克思主义全球化理论建构、全球化与社会主义以及全球化理论的全球化等。.

本书从史学、文化学的角度对中国儒家伦理与商人精神进行探讨,文章有:《中国近世宗教伦理与商人精神》、《工业文明之精神基础》等。.

本书论文大多围绕对康德、黑格尔与马克思思想的反思而展开讨论,进行了“不应该把近代西方哲学与当代西方哲学简单地割裂开来,也不应该“将对西方哲学的研究和对马克思哲学的研究抽象地对立起来”的思考。.

中国现代哲学是20世纪中国哲学变革和发展的重要时期,不少哲学家建立了自己独特的思想体系,对智慧问题予以高度重视。本书以中国现代哲学对形上智慧的追问和求索为主题,对中国现代哲学关于形而上学问题的理论发展 作了深入而清晰的梳理,并展示了其中的逻辑脉络。主要内容有科玄之争、知识和智慧、存在与天道、理智和直觉、名言之域与超名言之域、自由和境界等,着力对理气之辩、心物之辩、逻辑思维的辩证法、理性的直觉、可说的 和不可说的、思辩地说和诗意地说、天道和境界、自由和真善美等话题进行理性沉思。全书资料翔实、结构严谨、见解独特,是一部很有价值的学术专著,适合大学文科师生、哲学社会科学爱好者和研究者阅读使用。.

COVID-19 often manifests with different outcomes in different patients, highlighting the complexity of the host-pathogen interactions involved in manifestations of the disease at the molecular and cellular levels. In this paper, we propose a set of postulates and a framework for systematically understanding complex molecular host-pathogen interaction networks. Specifically, we first propose four host-pathogen interaction (HPI) postulates as the basis for understanding molecular and cellular host-pathogen interactions and their relations to disease outcomes. These four postulates cover the evolutionary dispositions involved (...) in HPIs, the dynamic nature of HPI outcomes, roles that HPI components may occupy leading to such outcomes, and HPI checkpoints that are critical for specific disease outcomes. Based on these postulates, an HPI Postulate and Ontology (HPIPO) framework is proposed to apply interoperable ontologies to systematically model and represent various granular details and knowledge within the scope of the HPI postulates, in a way that will support AI-ready data standardization, sharing, integration, and analysis. As a demonstration, the HPI postulates and the HPIPO framework were applied to study COVID-19 with the Coronavirus Infectious Disease Ontology (CIDO), leading to a novel approach to rational design of drug/vaccine cocktails aimed at interrupting processes occurring at critical host-coronavirus interaction checkpoints. Furthermore, the host-coronavirus protein-protein interactions (PPIs) relevant to COVID-19 were predicted and evaluated based on prior knowledge of curated PPIs and domain-domain interactions, and how such studies can be further explored with the HPI postulates and the HPIPO framework is discussed. (shrink)

本书汇集了著名科学家、人文学者在中国科学院研究生院所做的有关科学前沿方面代表性的报告和讲座,内容涉及生物学、化学、农学、生态环境建设、可持续发展战略等。.

As a comparative study of the virtue ethics of Aristotle and Confucius, this book explores how they each reflect upon human good and virtue out of their respective cultural assumptions, conceptual frameworks, and philosophical perspectives. It does not simply take one side as a framework to understand the other; rather, it takes them as mirrors for each other and seeks to develop new readings and perspectives of both ethics that would be unattainable if each were studied on its own.

Antibiotic allergies are commonly reported among patients, but most do not experience reactions on rechallenge with the same agents. These reported allergies complicate management of infections in patients labelled as having penicillin allergy, including serious infections where penicillin-based antibiotics are the first-line (most effective and least toxic) treatment option. Allergy labels are rarely questioned in clinical practice, with many clinicians opting for inferior second-line antibiotics to avoid a perceived risk of allergy. Reported allergies thereby can have significant impacts on patients (...) and public health, and present major ethical challenges. Antibiotic allergy testing has been described as a strategy to circumvent this dilemma, but it carries limitations that often make it less feasible in patients with acute infections or in community settings that lack access to allergy testing. This article provides an empirically informed ethical analysis of key considerations in this clinical dilemma, usingStaphylococcus aureusbacteraemia in patients with penicillin allergies as a case study. We argue that prescribing first-line penicillin-based antibiotics to patients with reported allergies may often present a more favourable ratio of benefits to risks, and may therefore be more ethically appropriate than using second-line drugs. We recommend changes to policy-making, clinical research and medical education, in order to promote more ethically acceptable responses to antibiotic allergies than the status quo. (shrink)

本书详细追溯了方以智晚年的活动和他最后自沉于惶恐滩,通过他在明亡后的生活与思想,试图揭开当时遗民士大夫的精神世界的一角。.

本书分为九章,内容包括中西伦理思想概述,道德原则的分析与评价,几个重要的道德范畴,体现伦理价值的道德规范,完善人的道德等。.

俞吾金(1948~ ),浙江萧山人,复旦大学哲学系教授、西方哲学学科点博士生导师.

本书作者通过对中国哲学史上的天、命、阴阳、五行、感应、时、经权、常变、新民、亲民等著名而重要的哲学概念、命题、观念的梳理,勾画出中国思维的基本品质。.

In September 2008, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) scientists successfully switched on the historic biggest physics device, the Large ...

本书共五章,介绍了全球化的基本内涵与实质、全球化对苏南可持续发展新文化模式的影响、苏南新旧文化模式的转换与创新等内容。.

The deceptive clues in the impossible puzzle film confirm the viewer’s internal expectations and allow retrospective attributing. In the film, a transcendental object negates an internal expectation, causing a retrospective blockage. Retrospectivity does not stop there; the transcendental object reinterpreting deceptive clues in the associative area leads to repeated attribution. This article consists of three parts. First, it discusses impossible puzzle films in the context of complex narrative classification. The following section introduces the Jungian concept of synchronicity and illustrates how (...) it works. The article concludes with a case study of Long Day’s Journey into Night (2018), which contains more complicated puzzles and explains how mind-game narrative techniques create deceptive clues and induce deceptive retrospective attribution. (shrink)

This volume collects the latest findings of Prof. Yu Yingshih on modern confucianism research and includes theses such as Reflection and Future of Modern Confucianism a look at the modern development of confucianism from the shift in the keynote ideology of the Ming and Qing period, The Transition of China's Modern Values, Difficulties facing Modern Confucianism, Qian Mu and New Confucian and Confucianism and Daily Life.

This volume collects the latest findings of Prof. Yu Yingshih on modern confucianism research and includes theses such as Reflection and Future of Modern Confucianism a look at the modern development of confucianism from the shift in the keynote ideology of the Ming and Qing period, The Transition of China's Modern Values, Difficulties facing Modern Confucianism, Qian Mu and New Confucian and Confucianism and Daily Life.

Sudden enlightenment is awakening to be attained all at once. Hyun-Eung, a Korean Buddhist monastic, has proposed a new interpretation that sudden enlightenment is the revolutionary awakening of the dynamical and indivisible structure of cognitive subject and objects. I argue that Hyun-Eung’s ‘revolutionary enlightenment’ is achieved through a ‘paradigm shift’ in Thomas Kuhn’s sense as presented in his The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Enlightenment is obtained when one’s essentialist and realist worldview is replaced, through a revolutionary change of paradigm shift, (...) by a new perspective based on the Buddhist teaching of dependent arising and emptiness. Prior to enlightenment, each person views oneself as a separate and independent individual who has her own essence. However, when our perspective on self and the world changes with the understanding of dependent arising and emptiness, it becomes clear that no one and nothing can exist independently of conditions. Everything comes into existence, abides, and passes out of existence only in dependence on conditions. Sudden enlightenment requires a revolutionary change in one’s perspective of self and the world. I conclude that this concept of revolutionary enlightenment aptly explains the features of sudden enlightenment. (shrink)