Results for 'inference'

960 found
Order:
  1.  65
    Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment.Christopher Cherniak, Richard Nisbett & Lee Ross - 1983 - Philosophical Review 92 (3):462.
    No categories
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   770 citations  
  2. Peter Lipton.Alien Abduction, Inference To & Best Explanation - 2007 - Episteme 7:239.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  3.  68
    Losing Ourselves: Active Inference, Depersonalization, and Meditation.George Deane, Mark Miller & Sam Wilkinson - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
  4. Dialectic, computation, and ampliative inference.Ronald P. Loui - 1991 - In Robert C. Cummins (ed.), Philosophy and AI: Essays at the Interface. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  5. Why Is a Valid Inference a Good Inference?Sinan Dogramaci - 2015 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 94 (1):61-96.
    True beliefs and truth-preserving inferences are, in some sense, good beliefs and good inferences. When an inference is valid though, it is not merely truth-preserving, but truth-preserving in all cases. This motivates my question: I consider a Modus Ponens inference, and I ask what its validity in particular contributes to the explanation of why the inference is, in any sense, a good inference. I consider the question under three different definitions of ‘case’, and hence of ‘validity’: (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  6. Reference, inference and the semantics of pejoratives.Timothy Williamson - 2009 - In Joseph Almog & Paolo Leonardi (eds.), The philosophy of David Kaplan. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 137--159.
    Two opposing tendencies in the philosophy of language go by the names of ‘referentialism’ and ‘inferentialism’ respectively. In the crudest version of the contrast, the referentialist account of meaning gives centre stage to the referential semantics for a language, which is then used to explain the inference rules for the language, perhaps as those which preserve truth on that semantics (since a referential semantics for a language determines the truth-conditions of its sentences). By contrast, the inferentialist account of meaning (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   111 citations  
  7. Abductive inference and delusional belief.Max Coltheart, Peter Menzies & John Sutton - 2010 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 15 (1):261-287.
    Delusional beliefs have sometimes been considered as rational inferences from abnormal experiences. We explore this idea in more detail, making the following points. Firstly, the abnormalities of cognition which initially prompt the entertaining of a delusional belief are not always conscious and since we prefer to restrict the term “experience” to consciousness we refer to “abnormal data” rather than “abnormal experience”. Secondly, we argue that in relation to many delusions (we consider eight) one can clearly identify what the abnormal cognitive (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   69 citations  
  8. Schemes of Inference, Conflict, and Preference in a Computational Model of Argument.Floris Bex & Chris Reed - 2011 - Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 23 (36).
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  9.  53
    Is There a Free Lunch in Inference?Jeffrey N. Rouder, Richard D. Morey, Josine Verhagen, Jordan M. Province & Eric-Jan Wagenmakers - 2016 - Topics in Cognitive Science 8 (3):520-547.
    The field of psychology, including cognitive science, is vexed by a crisis of confidence. Although the causes and solutions are varied, we focus here on a common logical problem in inference. The default mode of inference is significance testing, which has a free lunch property where researchers need not make detailed assumptions about the alternative to test the null hypothesis. We present the argument that there is no free lunch; that is, valid testing requires that researchers test the (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  10. Bayesing Qualia: Consciousness as Inference, Not Raw Datum.A. Clark, K. Friston & S. Wilkinson - 2019 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 26 (9-10):19-33.
    The meta-problem of consciousness (Chalmers, 2018) is the problem of explaining the behaviours and verbal reports that we associate with the so-called 'hard problem of consciousness'. These may include reports of puzzlement, of the attractiveness of dualism, of explanatory gaps, and the like. We present and defend a solution to the meta-problem. Our solution takes as its starting point the emerging picture of the brain as a hierarchical inference engine. We show why such a device, operating under familiar forms (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   20 citations  
  11.  14
    Approximating probabilistic inference in Bayesian belief networks is NP-hard.Paul Dagum & Michael Luby - 1993 - Artificial Intelligence 60 (1):141-153.
  12. Inference to the best explanation and the challenge of skepticism.Bryan C. Appley - unknown
    In this dissertation I consider the problem of external world skepticism and attempts at providing an argument to the best explanation against it. In chapter one I consider several different ways of formulating the crucial skeptical argument, settling on an argument that centers on the question of whether we're justified in believing propositions about the external world. I then consider and reject several options for getting around this issue which I take to be inadequate. I finally conclude that the best (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  13. Simulation without introspection or inference from me to you.Robert M. Gordon - 1995 - In Martin Davies & Tony Stone (eds.), Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications - Reading in Mind and Language. Wiley-Blackwell.
  14. Inference and the Presentational Conception of Knowing.Kurt Sylvan - forthcoming - In Lucy Campbell (ed.), Forms of Knowledge. Oxford.
    This paper argues that the historical conception of knowing as a presentational factive mental state (‘presentationalism’) is not best understood as an alternative to belief-based and knowledge-first epistemology, but rather as an account of epistemic architecture that is compatible with these paradigms. To defend this claim, the paper focuses on a challenge to presentationalism raised by inferential knowledge and argues that the problem can be solved only if presentationalism is understood as I suggest. The paper is structured as follows. §1 (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  15.  99
    Persistent Experimenters, Stopping Rules, and Statistical Inference.Katie Steele - 2013 - Erkenntnis 78 (4):937-961.
    This paper considers a key point of contention between classical and Bayesian statistics that is brought to the fore when examining so-called ‘persistent experimenters’—the issue of stopping rules, or more accurately, outcome spaces, and their influence on statistical analysis. First, a working definition of classical and Bayesian statistical tests is given, which makes clear that (1) once an experimental outcome is recorded, other possible outcomes matter only for classical inference, and (2) full outcome spaces are nevertheless relevant to both (...)
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  16.  11
    The design inference : Old wine in new wineskins.Robert O'Connor - 2003 - In Neil A. Manson (ed.), God and design: the teleological argument and modern science. New York: Routledge. pp. 80--66.
  17. Scientific inference and the pursuit of fame: A contractarian approach.Jesús P. Zamora Bonilla - 2002 - Philosophy of Science 69 (2):300-323.
    Methodological norms are seen as rules defining a competitive game, and it is argued that rational recognition-seeking scientists can reach a collective agreement about which specific norms serve better their individual interests, especially if the choice is made `under a veil of ignorance', i.e. , before knowing what theory will be proposed by each scientist. Norms for theory assessment are distinguished from norms for theory choice (or inference rules), and it is argued that pursuit of recognition only affects this (...)
    Direct download (9 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   52 citations  
  18. Situated inference versus conversational implicature.Christopher Gauker - 2001 - Noûs 35 (2):163–189.
    As Grice defined it, a speaker conversationally implicates that p only if the speaker expects the hearer to recognize that the speaker thinks that p. This paper argues that in the sorts of cases that Grice took as paradigmatic examples of conversational implicature there is in fact no need for the hearer to consider what the speaker might thus have in mind. Instead, the hearer might simply make an inference from what the speaker literally says and the situation in (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   20 citations  
  19.  46
    Knowledge From Non-Knowledge: Inference, Testimony and Memory.Federico Luzzi - 2019 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    According to the received view in epistemology, inferential knowledge from non-knowledge is impossible – that is, in order for a subject to know the conclusion of their inference, they must know the essential premises from which that conclusion is drawn. In this book, Federico Luzzi critically examines this view, arguing that it is less plausible than intuition suggests and that it can be abandoned without substantial cost. In a discussion that ranges across inference, testimony and memory he analyses (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  20. Epistemic closure under deductive inference: what is it and can we afford it?Assaf Sharon & Levi Spectre - 2013 - Synthese 190 (14):2731-2748.
    The idea that knowledge can be extended by inference from what is known seems highly plausible. Yet, as shown by familiar preface paradox and lottery-type cases, the possibility of aggregating uncertainty casts doubt on its tenability. We show that these considerations go much further than previously recognized and significantly restrict the kinds of closure ordinary theories of knowledge can endorse. Meeting the challenge of uncertainty aggregation requires either the restriction of knowledge-extending inferences to single premises, or eliminating epistemic uncertainty (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   12 citations  
  21. What is an inference.Ram Neta - 2013 - Philosophical Issues 23 (1):388-407.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   48 citations  
  22. Deflationary representation, inference, and practice.Mauricio Suárez - 2015 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 49 (C):36-47.
    This paper defends the deflationary character of two recent views regarding scientific representation, namely RIG Hughes’ DDI model and the inferential conception. It is first argued that these views’ deflationism is akin to the homonymous position in discussions regarding the nature of truth. There, we are invited to consider the platitudes that the predicate “true” obeys at the level of practice, disregarding any deeper, or more substantive, account of its nature. More generally, for any concept X, a deflationary approach is (...)
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   47 citations  
  23. (1 other version)Law Statements and Counterfactual Inference.Roderick M. Chisholm - 1954 - Analysis 15 (5):97 - 105.
  24. The Future of Cognitive Neuroscience? Reverse Inference in Focus.Marco J. Nathan & Guillermo Del Pinal - 2017 - Philosophy Compass 12 (7):e12427.
    This article presents and discusses one of the most prominent inferential strategies currently employed in cognitive neuropsychology, namely, reverse inference. Simply put, this is the practice of inferring, in the context of experimental tasks, the engagement of cognitive processes from locations or patterns of neural activation. This technique is notoriously controversial because, critics argue, it presupposes the problematic assumption that neural areas are functionally selective. We proceed as follows. We begin by introducing the basic structure of traditional “location-based” reverse (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  25. Dogmatism and Ampliative Inference.Berit Brogaard - 2021 - Veritas – Revista de Filosofia da Pucrs 66 (1):e42186.
    The evidential role of experience in justifying beliefs has been at the center of debate in philosophy in recent years. One view is that experience, or seeming, can confer immediate justification on belief in virtue of its representational phenomenology. Call this view “representational dogmatism.” Another view is that experience confers immediate justification on belief in virtue of its relational phenomenology. Call this view “relational dogmatism.” The goal of this paper is to pit these two versions of dogmatism against each other (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  26.  79
    Statement and Inference: With Other Philosophical Papers.John Cook Wilson - 1926 - Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Edited by A. S. L. Farquharson.
  27.  83
    Information and inference.Isaac Levi - 1967 - Synthese 17 (1):369 - 391.
  28.  10
    Temporal Representation and Inference.Barry Richards, Inge Bethke, Jon Oberlander & Jaap van der Does - 1989
  29.  10
    Relevant deductive inference: criteria and logics.Gerhard Schurz - 1991 - In Georg Schurz (ed.), Advances in Scientific Philosophy. pp. 24--57.
  30. (1 other version)Implication and Linear Inference.Bernard Bosanquet - 1920 - Mind 29 (115):323-338.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  31.  31
    Simulating Emotions: An Active Inference Model of Emotional State Inference and Emotion Concept Learning.Ryan Smith, Thomas Parr & Karl J. Friston - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
  32.  50
    Everyday reasoning and logical inference.Jon Barwise - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (2):337-338.
  33.  38
    The Structure of Scientific Inference.Robert L. Causey - 1976 - Philosophical Review 85 (1):137.
  34.  35
    Direct awareness and inference.Judith Economos - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (3):452.
  35.  45
    Computational Models of Emotion Inference in Theory of Mind: A Review and Roadmap.Desmond C. Ong, Jamil Zaki & Noah D. Goodman - 2019 - Topics in Cognitive Science 11 (2):338-357.
    An important, but relatively neglected, aspect of human theory of mind is emotion inference: understanding how and why a person feels a certain why is central to reasoning about their beliefs, desires and plans. The authors review recent work that has begun to unveil the structure and determinants of emotion inference, organizing them within a unified probabilistic framework.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  36. Towards a realistic success-to-truth inference for scientific realism.Peter Vickers - 2019 - Synthese 196 (2):571-585.
    A success-to-truth inference has always been at the heart of scientific realist positions. But all attempts to articulate the inference have met with very significant challenges. This paper reconstructs the evolution of this inference, and brings together a number of qualifications in an attempt to articulate a contemporary success-to-truth inference which is realistic. I argue that this contemporary version of the inference has a chance, at least, of overcoming the historical challenges which have been proffered (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  37.  85
    (3 other versions)Cogito ergo sum, comme inférence et comme performance.Jaakko Hintikka - forthcoming - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  38.  14
    Controlling backward inference.David E. Smith - 1989 - Artificial Intelligence 39 (2):145-208.
  39.  89
    A Deep Inference System for the Modal Logic S5.Phiniki Stouppa - 2007 - Studia Logica 85 (2):199-214.
    We present a cut-admissible system for the modal logic S5 in a formalism that makes explicit and intensive use of deep inference. Deep inference is induced by the methods applied so far in conceptually pure systems for this logic. The system enjoys systematicity and modularity, two important properties that should be satisfied by modal systems. Furthermore, it enjoys a simple and direct design: the rules are few and the modal rules are in exact correspondence to the modal axioms.
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  40. Social cognition as causal inference: implications for common knowledge and autism.Jakob Hohwy & Colin Palmer - 2014 - In Mattia Gallotti & John Michael (eds.), Objects in Mind. Dordrecht: Springer.
    This chapter explores the idea that the need to establish common knowledge is one feature that makes social cognition stand apart in important ways from cognition in general. We develop this idea on the background of the claim that social cognition is nothing but a type of causal inference. We focus on autism as our test-case, and propose that a specific type of problem with common knowledge processing is implicated in challenges to social cognition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  41.  30
    Thinking through others’ emotions: Incorporating the role of emotional state inference in thinking through other minds.Ryan Smith & Richard D. Lane - 2020 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 43.
    The active inference framework offers an attractive starting point for understanding cultural cognition. Here, we argue that affective dynamics are essential to include when constructing this type of theory. We highlight ways in which interactions between emotional responses and the perception of those responses, both within and between individuals, can play central roles in both motivating and constraining sociocultural practices.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  42.  33
    Principles of inference and their consequences.Deborah G. Mayo & Michael Kruse - 2001 - In David Corfield & Jon Williamson (eds.), Foundations of Bayesianism. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 381--403.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   49 citations  
  43. (1 other version)Alien abduction: Inference to the best explanation and the management of testimony.Peter Lipton - 2007 - Episteme 4 (3):238-251.
    This paper considers how we decide whether to believe what we are told. Inference to the Best Explanation, a popular general account of non-demonstrative reasoning, is applied to this task. The core idea of this application is that we believe what we are told when the truth of what we are told would figure in the best explanation of the fact that we were told it. We believe the fact uttered when it is part of the best explanation of (...)
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   26 citations  
  44. Avayava (Members of Inference).D. Prahlada Char - 2006 - In Pranab Kumar Sen & Prabal Kumar Sen (eds.), Philosophical concepts relevant to sciences in Indian tradition. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 1--419.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  45.  35
    The Foundations of Scientific Inference.T. Greenwood - 1969 - Philosophical Quarterly 19 (74):88-89.
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   35 citations  
  46.  57
    Truth, Evidence, and Inference.Keith Lehrer - 1974 - American Philosophical Quarterly 11 (2):79 - 92.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  47. Evidence and Inference About Past Events: An Overview of Six Case Studies.David Schum - 2003 - In William Twining & Iain Hampsher-Monk (eds.), Evidence and inference in history and law: interdisciplinary dialogues. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press. pp. 9--62.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  48.  24
    Theory of experimental inference.Charles West Churchman - 1948 - New York,: Macmillan.
  49. Statistical explanation vs. statistical inference.Richard Jeffrey - 1970 - In Carl G. Hempel, Donald Davidson & Nicholas Rescher (eds.), Essays in honor of Carl G. Hempel. Dordrecht,: D. Reidel. pp. 104--113.
  50.  25
    From axioms to synthetic inference rules via focusing.Sonia Marin, Dale Miller, Elaine Pimentel & Marco Volpe - 2022 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 173 (5):103091.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
1 — 50 / 960