The first five messages for the world day of peace (2014 through 2018) from Pope Francis highlight fraternity as ‘the foundation and pathway’ of peace. This paper examines two aspects of fraternity and peacebuilding: the first rooted in the transfiguring power of beauty; and the second in the call to holiness within the Father’s plan of loving goodness, which includes the call to an active nonviolent love and to a contemplative gaze upon our sisters and brothers. Francis’ writings (...) are considered broadly, and in conjunction with his predecessors Benedict XVI and John Paul II, as well as with contemporary theologians. (shrink)

This paper discusses what type of sociological context is appropriate for Rawls’ ‘property-owning democracy’. Following certain suggestions offered by Rawls and in the work of Joshua Cohen, it explores, in particular, the kind of fraternity and social interaction suitable for citizens in Rawlsian society and the role of the state in engineering these bonds. Utilising a normative framework based on Rawls’ discussion of a property-owning democracy and various data sets, the paper argues that bonds of social trust, active participation (...) in trade unions and enrolment in public schools, and the use of state policy to organise a mixture of public, cooperative, and private economic institutions would be suitable for a Rawlsian society to adopt because it appears that these structures are favourably connected to the ends of Rawlsian justice. (shrink)

La fraternidad, entendida en el sentido revolucionario que tuvo en la tríada francesa, es hoy un valor eclipsado, como pretendo mostrar. En este trabajo me interesa particularmente indagar las causas del olvido del valor político de la fraternidad en una buena parte del pensamiento político feminista contemporáneo, no exclusivamente anglosajón, olvido o rechazo incluso, que es un producto parcial del eclipse general del concepto–y especialmente del olvido del carácter emancipatorio de la tríada revolucionaria- pero que tiene también raíces propias, como (...) pretendo mostrar. (shrink)

Despite widespread knowledge that fraternity members are frequently involved in the sexual assaults of women, fraternities are rarely studied as social contexts-groups and organizations-that encourage the sexual coercion of women. An analysis of the norms and dynamics of the social construction of fraternity brotherhood reveals the highly masculinist features of fraternity structure and process, including concern with a narrow, stereotypical conception of masculinity and heterosexuality; a preoccupation with loyalty, protection of the group, and secrecy; the use of (...) alcohol as a weapon against women's sexual reluctance; the pervasiveness of violence and physical force; and an obsession with competition, superiority, and dominance. Interfraternity rivalry and competition-particularly over members, intramural sports, and women-encourage fraternity men's commodification of women. We conclude that fraternities will continue to violate women socially and sexually unless they change in fundamental ways. (shrink)

In different parts of the world, attempts have been made to define the principle of fraternity as a political and legal value as compared to a historic/rhetoric one. Fraternity or fraternal relations (occasionally also referred to as solidarity, humanity, compassion, brotherhood) are forged in the everyday lives of societies, when they share common aspirations and vulnerabilities. The wider use or the linking of the principle to conditions of conflict and mass frustration makes it a sort of mirror of (...) realities. These lived experiences and contexts also give the principle a dynamic and propelling quality within law and politics. (shrink)

From the scholarship available we can gather that fraternity has been subjected to several interpretations and linked with several virtues. For a few, it stands close to the actualities of solidarity, humanity, compassion, companionship, and brotherhood. For others, it is the “glue that binds equality and liberty to the civil society” and “presents a sense of continuity with the past and the future”. Omvedt replaces the word fraternity with “community” as an important component of a human vision for (...) the new millennium along with equality and justice. Historically, ‘liberty, equality, and fraternity became a major influence on political thought since the French Revolution. The Revolution marked the triumph of the people and pronounced the Declaration on Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789. In modern societies, although there are many differences in interpretation, the idea of fraternity is less directly accepted, but the principles of collective action and social responsibility are widely recognized’. According to Johnston, 'fraternity' was rather less central to the preconceptions of the enlightenment predecessors of the revolutionary era, their emphasis being given rather to the 'rights of man' and to the equality of entitlement to those rights. To date, our pre-occupation with liberty and equality has left vacant a conceptual upbringing of fraternity in the postcolonial context. (shrink)

Social interactions at fraternities that undergraduate women identified as places where there is a high risk of rape are compared to those at fraternities identified as low risk as well as two local bars. Factors that contribute to rape are common on this campus; however, both men and women behaved differently in different settings. Implications of these findings are considered.

The connection between the use of fraternity, love, and justice in Fratelli tutti and Gaudium et spes is explored.

This article analyses Sartre's conflicting interpretations of human relationality in Critique of Dialectical Reason and Hope Now in order to demostrate two things. First, that the social dynamics leading to the formation of what Sartre calls “fused groups” and “fraternity-terror” are still at play in current manifestations of exclusionary and antagonistic conceptions of identity politics, which we contend constitute a risk for contemporary democracy. Second, that an alternative conception of “fraternity-without-terror”, whose foundations can be found in Sartre's latest (...) reflections upon the possibility of a normative ethics of reciprocity, can pave the ground to a fairer model of political solidarity. (shrink)

THE existence of a common bond is an essential characteristic of fraternal relations. It is a necessary condition of fraternity that the parties to the relation share something. The sense of bond that is a defining feature of fraternity does not lie in the sharing of goods by agents. If we share a hammer, a road, an office, a house, a market, a postman, a view of a lake, there is some common good that we each use, but (...) we need not thereby have anything in common. Though we would be using the same good, our desires, interests, sentiments, and aims may be completely distinct and mutually independent. In these cases, the relation is essentially between an agent and a good, and it is only incidentally that other agents bear the same relation to the good. The bond constitutive of fraternity must involve a share in features that are intrinsic to the agents themselves. (shrink)

Is there a connection between the values of fraternity and outcome equality? Is inequality at odds with fraternity? There are reasons to doubt that it is. First, fraternity requires us to want our ‘brothers’ and ‘sisters’ to fare well even when they are already better off than we are and their doing better will increase inequality. Second, fraternity seems not to require equality as a matter of fairness. Fairness requires equality, but fraternity does not require (...) fairness.In examining what fraternity requires I discuss Rawls' suggestion that the difference principle corresponds to a natural meaning of fraternity, arguing that fraternity may be even more tolerant of inequality than the difference principle. Nevertheless, I defend the claim that fraternity and equality are linked, albeit not in such a way as to make inequality inconsistent with fraternity. Fraternity is related to equality since equalizing expresses the connectedness at the core of fraternity; but inequality is consistent with fraternity since there are other ways of expressing that connectedness. (shrink)

Resumen El presente artículo busca responder dos preguntas: ¿por qué se produjo la desaparición de la noción de “fraternidad” de la discusión filosófica? y ¿qué relevancia puede tener hoy hablar de “fraternidad” en el ámbito filosófico? Hasta donde se conoce, es posible sostener que la noción de “fraternidad” fue relevante en el mundo de la Grecia clásica, porque ella es, bajo la perspectiva de la “amistad”, tratada por Aristóteles y por Cicerón. Por cierto, la fraternidad es un tema cardinal del (...) pensamiento cristiano-medieval y moderno; con todo, pareciera, inicialmente, que su asociación con el cristianismo llevó a la “fraternidad” a un cierto abandono en el ámbito filosófico, y a ser reemplazada por nociones como la “solidaridad” o la ya mencionada “equidad”. Una de las razones que explicaría la ausencia de la fraternidad sería el triunfo del socialismo científico, en desmedro de otras formas de socialismo, más cercano al cristianismo, como el denominado “socialismo fraterno”. Por otro lado, considero que un aporte significativo de la noción de “fraternidad”, particularmente en el momento que vivimos hoy, es que nos permite contraponerla a la noción de “competencia”. Por ello, en lugar de la competencia, es preferible, me parece, la “asociación” y la “cooperación” entre los seres humanos. Abstract This article seeks to answer two questions: why did the notion of “fraternity” disappear from philosophical discussion? And what relevance can talk of “fraternity” have today in the philosophical field? As far as is known, it is possible to maintain that the notion of "fraternity" was relevant in the world of classical Greece, because it is, from the perspective of "friendship", treated by Aristotle and Cicero. Incidentally, fraternity is a cardinal theme of medieval and modern Christian thought; However, it seems, initially, that its association with Christianity led "fraternity" to a certain abandonment in the philosophical field, and to be replaced by notions such as "solidarity" or the aforementioned "equity". One of the reasons that would explain the absence of fraternity would be the triumph of scientific socialism, to the detriment of other forms of socialism, closer to Christianity, such as the so-called "fraternal socialism". On the other hand, I consider that a significant contribution of the notion of "fraternity", particularly in the moment we live today, is that it allows us to oppose it to the notion of "competition". Therefore, instead of competition, it seems to me, "association" and "cooperation" between human beings is preferable. (shrink)

AbstractmiRNA‐mediated gene repression and ubiquitin‐dependent processes are among the oldest and most versatile mechanisms that control multiple molecular pathways, rather than just protein turnover. These systems were discovered decades ago and have become among the most studied. All systems within cells are interconnected, and these two are no exception: the plethora of studies have demonstrated that the activity of the miRNAs system depends on players of the ubiquitin‐centered universe of processes, and vice versa. This review focuses on recent progress that (...) highlights that very similar mechanisms of regulation of miRNAs by ubiquitin‐related processes are likely to be found in distantly related species, including animals, plants, and viruses. Most of them occur through the ubiquitination of Argonaute proteins, but some of the other miRNA system factors are also regulated. This suggests that their regulatory relationships are either ancient evolutionary acquisitions or have arisen independently in different kingdoms. (shrink)

O objetivo da pesquisa é demonstrar a importância da fraternidade na democracia brasileira, caracterizada como representativa, ao menos em tese, visto que a vontade do povo não tem sido considera nas decisões que promovem mudanças legislativas substanciais. Diante disto surge a indagação central do presente estudo: Qual a contribuição da categoria da fraternidade em uma democracia? A metodologia aplicada a pesquisa é qualitativa e bibliográfica ao buscar fontes na doutrina jurídica relacionada com o tema e também quantitativa ao trazer dados (...) como forma de argumentação. Justifica-se o estudo pela relevância da fraternidade na construção da democracia no Brasil. (shrink)

We uncover fundamental dimensions of the process through which organizations embed the practice of fraternity through embarking on an organizational journey in the direction of the common good. Building on the latest encyclical of Pope Francis, _Fratelli Tutti_, about fraternal and social friendship, we offer insight into the understanding of what it means to become a fraternal organization and reflect on the key ethical and paradoxical challenges for organizations aiming at collectively contributing to the common good. We add to (...) previous work by characterizing this journey as a process involving unique ethical challenges that emerge from the paradoxes associated with this process and how this might change the nature of the relationships between organizations and others within the organizational landscape. (shrink)

In Of Grammatology, Derrida gave his attention to a number of philosophies of language for which writing is attributed the status of a supplemental form, with speech considered a more original form of language and the proper object of the linguist's science. A number of Derrida's remarks pointed out that the very defense of democracy, or human rights, even where they excluded children, women, workers, and colonized peoples, also provided the resources for subsequent claims by these groups for inclusion. Feminisms (...) bear witness to the historical auto‐immunity of the denial of women's rights. Historically, women's rights claims will also have their own auto‐immune logics, in their identifications with nationalist logics, in their alignment with an image of progress often disseminated at the expense of other cultures or classes, in an ethnocentrism or race blindness to which feminism has often been prone. (shrink)

Resumen El mundo globalizado actualmente ofrece innumerables beneficios para la humanidad, debido al desarrollo tecnológico, la comunicación, el intercambio entre economías, culturas y credos, la reducción de distancias, entre otros factores. Pero no existe un acceso real de todas las personas a los recursos de este mundo, ni un reconocimiento del valor de la otredad. Tensiones, conflictos y guerras marcan la actual era de globalización, excluyendo a gran parte de la humanidad del derecho de vivir en libertad, igualdad y dignidad. (...) Este artículo analiza cómo la encíclica Fratelli tutti propone la hospitalidad, la ciudadanía y la fraternidad como fundamentales para superar ambigüedades y contradicciones en un mundo globalizado. A partir del método de análisis cualitativo, exploramos los conceptos de hospitalidad, ciudadanía y fraternidad en la encíclica social, en conversación con otra literatura. La conclusión es que sólo en el horizonte de la fraternidad se superan aquellas ambigüedades y contradicciones para lo cual urge la práctica de la hospitalidad y la ciudadanía, proveiendo a todas las personas del derecho a habitar este mundo. Hospitalidad y ciudadanía, entonces, son esenciales para la globalización de la solidaridad y para la construcción de un mundo de fratelli tutti. Abstract The current globalized world enables countless benefits for humanity, through technological development, communication, exchange between economies, cultures and creeds, the reduction of distances, among other factors. But there is no real access by all people to the resources of this world, or recognition of the value of otherness. Tensions, conflicts and wars mark the current era of globalization, excluding a large portion of humanity from the right to live with freedom, equality and dignity. This article analyzes how the encyclical Fratelli tutti proposes hospitality, citizenship and fraternity as fundamental to overcoming ambiguities and contradictions in a globalized world. The method is a qualitative analysis of the concepts of hospitality, citizenship and fraternity in Fratelli tutti, in relation to similar studies. The conclusion is that it is only on the horizon of fraternity that the existing contradictions in today's humanity can be overcome. For this, the practice of hospitality and citizenship is urgent, giving all people the right to inhabit this world. Thus, hospitality and citizenship are essential for the globalization of solidarity and the construction of a world of fratelli tutti. (shrink)

This article examines gay men’s efforts to break into the exclusive traditional fraternity institution by adopting the hegemonic model on their own terms. The authors examined to what extent members of a national gay fraternity, Delta Lambda Phi challenged or modified the entrenched fraternity culture that was hostile to homosexuals and whether they resisted or reproduced hegemonic masculinity in their efforts to redefine the meaning of college fraternities. This research examines gay fraternities in relation to two dimensions (...) of hegemonic masculinity. The authors explore how members of gay fraternities negotiated their stigmatized status among other men—that is, within the internal dimension of hegemonic masculinity. They explore the external dimension of hegemonic masculinity by analyzing how gay brothers, as men, related to all women. The authors further examine the connection between these two hegemonic dimensions and provide evidence showing how these two dimensions are coupled or disjointed. (shrink)

ABSTRACTAt least during his critical period, all of Kant’s philosophical works have a secret political dimension. Among other things, following the analysis of Hannah Arendt, the Critique of Judgment – paragraph 40 in particular – became a main text of political philosophy. In looking at the Critique of Judgement from a political perspective, I shall refer not to paragraph 40 but to the Kantian discussion of pure aesthetic judgement. In my opinion, one can understand Kant’s remarks on aesthetic judgement, and (...) especially transcendental anthropology, as meaning that Kant philosophically attributes the three political ideas of the French Revolution to the whole human being as such, and not just to the intelligible man. (shrink)

Inclusive fitness theory was not originally designed to explain the major transitions in evolution, but there is a growing consensus that it has the resources to do so. My aim in this paper is to highlight, in a constructive spirit, the puzzles and challenges that remain. I first consider the distinctive aspects of the cooperative interactions we see within the most complex social groups in nature: multicellular organisms and eusocial insect colonies. I then focus on one aspect in particular: the (...) extreme redundancy these societies exhibit. I argue that extreme redundancy poses a distinctive explanatory puzzle for inclusive fitness theory, and I offer a potential solution which casts coercion as the key enabler. I suggest that the general moral to draw from the case is one of guarded optimism: while inclusive fitness is a powerful tool for understanding evolutionary transitions, it must be integrated within a broader framework that recognizes the distinctive problems such transitions present and the distinctive mechanisms by which these problems may be overcome. (shrink)

This article presents an analysis of the role that the idea of fraternity plays in John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice. Many commentators, G.A. Cohen for example, have taken as their target the role of fraternity in understanding the difference principle. The article highlights the neglected connection between Rawls’s principle of fraternity and the role of sentiments in A Theory of Justice. I focus, in particular, on the third part of A Theory of Justice, which has received (...) less attention in the secondary literature. The main idea put forward is that, contrary to what his egalitarian critics contend, the Rawlsian conception of fraternity constitutes the most plausible version of this political ideal: one which is properly egalitarian. (shrink)

Clemente Romano es el hombre de la reconciliación, que busca sembrar en aquellos que lo escuchan una semilla de fraternidad. Él sabe que en el corazón del hombre anidan las malas pasiones, los sentimientos de envidia y de división pero también sabe que quien vive en el amor, quien pone su mirada en el Dios que es Amor se transforma, se convierte. El único camino es Jesucristo y por eso continuamente invita, a través de sus palabras, a fijar la mirada (...) en Él. Misericordia, humildad, sencillez, corrección fraterna, hospitalidad son palabras que a lo largo de la carta a los Corintios se entrelazan tejiendo la trama del amor al hermano y del amor a Dios. ¿Qué nos enseña esta carta escrita muchos siglos atrás y que parece tan actual? Es un desafío para el hombre peregrino de hoy que siente por un lado, la sed de espiritualidad, y por otro, el ansia del poder, del tener, del placer, a contemplar a un Dios que lo ama y a buscar sólo el bien del hermano, caminando junto a él con sencillez y humildad.Clement of Rome is the man of reconciliation, which seeks to sow those who hear a seed of fraternity. He knows the heart of man nest evil passions, feelings of envy and division but also knows that whoever lives in love, who sets her sights on the God who is Love becomes becomes. The only way is Jesus Christ and so continuously invited, through his words, to stare at him. Mercy, humility, simplicity, fraternal correction, hospitality are words along the Corinthians intertwine weaving Brother love story and love of God. What can we learn this letter written many centuries ago and it seems so today? It is a challenge for pilgrims today man who feels the one hand, the thirst for spirituality, and secondly, the lust of power, possessions, pleasure, to contemplate a God who loves him and seek only good brother walking beside him with simplicity and humility. (shrink)

Nancy revisits first philosophy's question of the relationship between the many ways of Being and defines ontological community and community more broadly by the communication/equivocation of the ways of Being rather than a common substance. Objections that Nancy's position is apolitical and ethically ambiguous take insufficient notice of the different task he has set himself. The preposition "with" names this new ontological conception of community, relieving it of a unifying point. A fraternal community of family resemblances without a father is (...) uncovered that allows for critical reflections on both Heidegger's fundamental ontology and Freud's speculations on the primal horde. (shrink)

In this article, after retracing the main lines of Honneth’s The Idea of Socialism, I address two objections to it. Firstly, I question the marked substantiality of Honneth’s proposed socialist ‘community of fraternal life’, resulting from the conjunction of the idea of social freedom with the principle of fraternity he derives from the proto-socialists. On the basis of my objections, I then delineate an original theoretical model, denominated ‘socialism through convergence’. While based on Honneth’s concept of social freedom, STC (...) can abstract from the element of fraternity. It is, by consequence, immune to the excess of substantiality of Honneth’s perspective and potentially more attractive for the members of modern, pluralistic societies. Finally, I criticize Honneth’s perspective for under-determining the element of normative social conflicts in the sphere of democracy and normalizing their expression into the forms of an orderly democratic deliberation; consequently, I show how the STC perspective can more effectively account for social struggles and political conflicts. (shrink)

Contemporary political theories have made significant progress toward identifying the principles for an egalitarian society. From this perspective, Edward Bellamy's radical and pluralistic egalitarianism can be read not only as a relevant precedent but as a source of sophisticated arguments capable of enriching current debates. Although unfairly overlooked as theoretical works, Bellamy's utopias can be read today as offering insights that bring together and combine key modern ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Therefore, this article argues that Bellamy's conception (...) of equality involves several dimensions and functions as a background condition for effective freedoms; that these liberties are not at odds with voluntary equality; and that fraternity—understood in Rawlsian terms—makes sense in a free and equal soci- ety, as it is guaranteed both by institutional means and by personal decisions. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This article starts from the analysis of the work “La sfida della convivenza”, by Italian philosopher Alberto Pirni, to establish with it a dialogue around the principle of fraternity. In his essay, Pirni offers an essential lexicon to discuss the possibilities of social coexistence between different individuals, groups, communities and cultures in contemporary societies. The first part of the article offers a summary of the ideas of the author, who seeks to deepen the meaning of key concepts for (...) the intercultural debate through a prevalently philosophical lens. In the second part, we establish a dialogue between Pirni's work and the reflections on the principle of fraternity, in its ethical and normative dimensions. The debate is based, above all, on the Italian, French and Brazilian literature about the theme. The central thesis is that the idea of fraternity can serve as guiding principle to the intercultural ethics defended by Pirni, as long as it is stripped of the excluding or reductive logics that still today is attributed to it. In the concluding remarks, we offer a brief reflection on the possibilities of using the idea offraternity as an intercultural ethical principle around which to structure deliberation spaces within multicultural societies. RESUMO Este artigo parte da análise da obra “La sfida della convivenza”, do filósofo italiano Alberto Pirni, para estabelecer com ela um diálogo acerca do princípio da fraternidade. No ensaio em questão, Pirni oferece um léxico essencial para discutir as possibilidades da convivência entre diferentes -indivíduos, grupos, comunidades, culturas - nas sociedades contemporâneas. A primeira parte do artigo oferece um resumo das ideias apresentadas pelo autor, que busca aprofundar o sentido de conceitos-chave para o debate intercultural através de uma lente prevalentemente filosófica. Na segunda parte, estabelece-se um diálogo entre a obra de Pirni e as reflexões acerca do princípio da fraternidade, em suas dimensões éticas e normativas. O debate é feito com base nas literaturas italiana, francesa e brasileira acerca do tema. A tese central é que a ideia de fraternidade possa inserir-se na ética intercultural defendida por Pirni e servir-lhe como princípio-guia, desde que despojada das lógicas excludentes ou redutivas que ainda hoje lhe são atribuídas. A título de conclusão, apresenta-se uma breve reflexão sobre as possibilidades acerca do uso da ideia de fraternidade como um princípio ético intercultural em torno do qual estruturar espaços de deliberação dentro de sociedades multiculturais. (shrink)

With great energy and clarity, Sir James Fitzjames Stephen (1829-1894), author of History of the Criminal Law of England, and judge of the High Court from 1879-91, challenges John Stuart Mill's On Liberty and On Utilitarianism, arguing that ...