The purpose of aesthetic research is to uncover the internal method in human aesthetic behaviors and to answer the following questions: Where do beautiful things come from? Why are things beautiful? What is the reason that some things are beautiful while others are not? How can people derive aesthetic pleasure? Until those fundamental problems are solved, further questions cannot be answered, such as “Why do some people like certain things, while other people like other things?” and “How does human aesthetic (...) taste develop?”The aesthetic study established by the Greek philosophical aesthetician Plato is an ontological approach that suggests that there is something decisive in beautiful things that makes them... (shrink)

This study is the first to examine the relationships among Machiavellianism, social norms and taxpayer intentions to fraudulently overstate their deductions. We theorize and empirically document that high Machiavellian taxpayers report significantly less ethical social norms, suggesting that reported social norms are influenced by cognitive biases such as social projection and Machiavellian cynicism; reported social norms are, in general, significantly associated with tax evasion intentions; social norms partially mediate the relationship between Machiavellianism and evasion intentions. Our findings imply that experimental (...) research that controls for key personality traits such as Machiavellianism will be necessary to test the effectiveness of potential interventions designed to enhance social norms and tax compliance. Our findings also raise questions regarding the validity of certain social norm measures used in recent studies, particularly in the case of high Machiavellians. In contrast to much prior research, gender was not associated with the likelihood of committing tax fraud in our multivariate models, suggesting that the higher levels of tax compliance often associated with females may be eroding. (shrink)

The present study analyzes the English diaries written by a young Chinese English as a foreign language learner over a 1-year period in an attempt to determine the developmental process of Chinese EFL young learners’ written language in terms of syntactic complexity. This study aimed to use a wide range of metrics to explore densely collected data based on Dynamic Systems Theory. The longitudinal study data were analyzed through eight large-grained measures related to sentential, clausal, and phrasal features by using (...) L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer, as well as fine-grained measures related to seven modifiers, an adjective placed before a noun, ordinal numerals are indicated, cardinal numeral, predicative adjective, adverbial adjective, adverbs, prepositional phrases, subordinate, and relative clause, through manual annotations. The results show that, first, the developmental process was not linear but spiral in terms of large-grained measures. The sentential level varied, and the development process of the young learner is different from Chinese English learners studying in colleges. Second, the dynamic features of fine-grained measures are also prominent in the seven indicators. ADJA, PREP, and REL showed a steady increase, ADJP showed an obvious decline, while ADV and SUB first increased and then declined. Third, the correlation analysis revealed a competitive interaction within fine-grained measures and between large-grained and fine-grained measures. (shrink)

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 唐文明教授的〈承認理論的創造性回歸一一一項關於人倫構成的哲學研究〉（以下簡稱〈承認理論〉）既體現了作者的理論雄心，也體現了作者的理論視野。自從霍耐特從黑格爾研究出發獨創性地發展出自己的承認理論以來，承 認理論得到了廣泛的關注與討論，但是，既有研究的重心主要有兩點，一是從現代政治實踐出發，探討這種承認理論對於構建現代政治秩序具有的價值，二是從承認理論的問題史出發，揭示霍耐特承認理論與黑格爾的淵源及其異 同。但〈承認理論〉的旨趣在於為人倫一政治結構中的承認奠基，以主奴辯證法為前提的現代承認理論指向的是一種作為欲望的主體之間的相互承認，而原初承認必須追溯到天人關係。(撮要取自內文首段) The purpose of the theory of recognition is to lay a foundation for recognition in the human relations political structure. Modern recognition theory is based in the dialectics of master and slave and examines mutual recognition between subjects as desires, although the original recognition must be traced back to the relationship between Heaven and man. Modern recognition theory emphasizes the relationship between “man's love for the divine foundation of (...) existence” and political order. This article examines the theory of recognition, which may provide the foundation for a real community, from a perspective related to this issue. The article's weakness is that, when discussing Hegel's theory of recognition, it simply equates Hegel's self-consciousness with desire without analyzing its context and its connection with spirit. (shrink)

Current work in language models (LMs) helps us speed up or even skip thinking by accelerating and automating cognitive work. But can LMs help us with critical thinking -- thinking in deeper, more reflective ways which challenge assumptions, clarify ideas, and engineer new concepts? We treat philosophy as a case study in critical thinking, and interview 21 professional philosophers about how they engage in critical thinking and on their experiences with LMs. We find that philosophers do not find LMs to (...) be useful because they lack a sense of selfhood (memory, beliefs, consistency) and initiative (curiosity, proactivity). We propose the selfhood-initiative model for critical thinking tools to characterize this gap. Using the model, we formulate three roles LMs could play as critical thinking tools: the Interlocutor, the Monitor, and the Respondent. We hope that our work inspires LM researchers to further develop LMs as critical thinking tools and philosophers and other 'critical thinkers' to imagine intellectually substantive uses of LMs. (shrink)

Unethical pro-organizational behavior is one of the core factors that affect organizational development. Although enterprises and researchers have done a lot of work, a quantitative and systematic assessment of unethical pro-organizational behavior research is still lacking, this review conducts a bibliometric analysis to describe the characteristics and trends of unethical pro-organizational behavior research in business and management, such as publication trend analysis, co-citation analysis, keywords co-occurrence analysis, and citation burst analysis. The results show that 89 articles and 4,523 references from (...) 49 journals contributed by 254 authors are identified. The number of publications has increased significantly since 2019. The China and United States are the most productive country. Umphress E and Yam C are the most influential authors. “Journal of Business Ethics and Frontiers in Psychology” are the most influential journal, 26 words in 516 keywords constitute the strongest set of terms available, Keyword co-occurrence analysis found ethical decision-making, the measurement, and impact of unethical pro-organizational behavior, the antecedents of ethical leadership are worthy and prospective potential trends. These findings provide a systematically, transparently, and visually reviewed the landscape and development process of unethical pro-organizational behavior research, which may help researchers and practitioners to understand unethical pro-organizational behavior in business management and provide a new perspective for future research. (shrink)

本书阐述了社会主义现代化建设过程中公民思想道德建设的时代必要性及内涵、特征、基本内容,同其他素质的关系和培养提高手段等,提出了建设有中国特色社会主义、面对经济全球化、实现中华民族和平崛起等必需的公民思 想道德素质的内在要求。.

By analyzing the author of Ziyi 缁衣 (Black Costumes) as well as Ziyi’s transmission and evolution by studying and analyzing the ancient text, one can see that Ziyi was a work of Zisi or the Zisi and Mencius School. Comparing the similarities and differences between the transmitted version of Ziyi and its Guodian 郭店 and Shangbo 上博 versions, one finds that the original version of Ziyi had been significantly revised by Confucian classics teachers in the unstable political and social climate (...) during the Western Han Dynasty, specifically, the thought of moral politics of the original Confucians contained in the work was garbled and concealed, and the idea of law and the legal system was highlighted accordingly. The uncovered Guodian and Shangbo versions of Ziyi have removed the shroud that Confucians in the Han Dynasty had spread over it for 2, 000 years, revealing the thought of moral politics of the original Confucians. (shrink)

Collected works of Dge-lugs-pa scholar predominantly on doctrines, commentary on Vasubandhu's Abhidharmakośa, study on Abhisamayālaṅkāra of Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāparāmitā, Buddhist logic, philosophy, rituals, etc.

As the final work by Ye Xiushan, one of the most famous philosophers and scholars of philosophy in China, this two-volume set scrutinizes the historical development of both Chinese and Western philosophy, aiming to explore the convergence between the two philosophical traditions. Combining historical examination and argumentation based on philosophical problematics, the author discusses the key figures and schools of thought from both traditions. Far from being a cursory comparison between different philosophical concepts and categories, the author discusses the logical (...) paths and conceptual approaches of the two traditions on the same philosophical issues, thus giving insights into conceptual categories commonly used in both Chinese and Western philosophies. The two volumes illuminate the different core spirits and dilemmas of Western philosophy and Chinese philosophy, encouraging a constructive dialogue between the two and a new transformation of Chinese philosophy in itself. The title will appeal to scholars, students, and general readers interested in philosophical history, comparative philosophy, Chinese philosophy, and Western philosophy ranging over Greek philosophy, German classic philosophy, and contemporary continental philosophy. (shrink)

Drawing on social exchange theory and benevolent leadership literature, we show how the largesse associated with benevolent leadership can cause subordinates to feel obliged to undertake illegitimate tasks assignments that go beyond their job duties. The hypotheses are tested in a scenario experimental study and a multisource, time-lagged field survey. Both studies indicate that benevolent leadership evokes indebtedness in subordinates (called felt obligation), which is then indirectly related to their willingness to undertake illegitimate tasks. The second study shows that subordinates (...) who try to avoid actions that damage relationships (called disintegration avoidance) and those who feel job insecurity are most willing to perform illegitimate assignments. Practical implications for curbing workplace exploitation are discussed. (shrink)

Selected works of author's on critical analysis on different concepts of Buddhist doctrines and philosophy.

本书æ ̄国内第一部对公元前721-前221年的华夏体系500年进行理论总结的研究成æž."华夏主义"分析了华夏体系500年间影响大国兴衰的主要理论和思想,并从理论范式的角度总结出老子范式,孔子范式,商子范式 ,管子范式四大范式,它们分别在齐国,楚国,吴国,越国,魏国.

This study aimed to explore the association between self-oriented empathy and compassion fatigue, and examine the potential mediating roles of dispositional mindfulness and the counselor’s self-efficacy. A total of 712 hotline psychological counselors were recruited from the Mental Health Service Platform at Central China Normal University, Ministry of Education during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019, then were asked to complete the questionnaires measuring self-oriented empathy, compassion fatigue, dispositional mindfulness, and counselor’s self-efficacy. Structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze (...) the possible associations and explore potential mediations. In addition to reporting confidence intervals, we employed a new method named model-based constrained optimization procedure to test hypotheses of indirect effects. Results showed that self-oriented empathy was positively associated with compassion fatigue. Dispositional mindfulness and counselor’s self-efficacy independently and serially mediated the associations between self-oriented empathy and compassion fatigue. The findings of this study confirmed and complemented the etiological and the multi-factor model of compassion fatigue. Moreover, the results indicate that it is useful and necessary to add some training for increasing counselor’s self-efficacy in mindfulness-based interventions in order to decrease compassion fatigue. (shrink)

In this article, we examine the empirical association between firm value and CSR engagement for firms in sinful industries, such as tobacco, gambling, and alcohol, as well as industries involved with emerging environmental, social, or ethical issues, i.e., weapon, oil, cement, and biotech. We develop and test three hypotheses, the window-dressing hypothesis, the value-enhancement hypothesis, and the value-irrelevance hypothesis. Using an extesive US sample from 1995 to 2009, we find that CSR engagement of firms in controversial industries positively affects firm (...) value after controlling for various firm characteristics. To address the potential endogeneity problem, we further estimate a system of equations and change regression and continue to find a positive relation between CSR engagement and firm value. Our findings support the value-enhancement hypothesis and are consistent with the premise that the top management of US firms in controversial industries, in general, considers social responsibility important even though their products are harmful to human being, society, or environment. (shrink)

本书是国家社会科学基金课题《唐末五代十国儒学研究》的研究成果，该课题以唐末五代十国时期的儒学为研究对象，把儒学范式的转变作为研究的中心问题，着重探讨了在唐宋社会变革的背景下，唐末五代十国时期儒学的范式 转变。本书通过考察唐末五代十国时期儒学核心概念、基本范畴的演进，寻绎出其在历史语境中“惟精惟微”的变化，提出如下观点：唐末五代十国儒学，是“唐宋变革”在学术形态上的重要表现，也是对这一时期社会巨变的思 想回应。唐末五代十国儒学是一种新范式的儒学，显示出由汉唐儒学向宋代儒学嬗变的过渡特点。.

經濟倫理的對話 財富思想的對話 支配類型的對話 理念類型的對話 決策倫理的對話 《儒家與韋伯的五個對話》為跨越政治、經濟、宗教與方法學等領域的思想史學術創作。葉仁昌教授累積了將近三十年的思考與體會，很大膽並充滿創意地，對儒家與韋伯（Max Weber）開展了五個批判性的對話。包括了清教徒與東亞的經濟倫理、欠缺無限利潤心的儒家財富思想、道德型正當性的支配類型、義利之辨的四種理念類型，以及何不曰利的決策倫理省思。藉此，不只重構了韋伯若干論述 的框架，也爲儒家提供了新視角下的不同詮釋。 韋伯是一位經典的大師，葉仁昌教授卻不只具體地指出韋伯對儒家的理解盲點，還應用韋伯的方法學來新論儒家，更試圖補足韋伯對儒家在研究上的遺漏，完成韋伯未竟的探索，甚至重構韋伯有關支配類型的框架。當然，在這樣 的過程中，儒家也因為新的視角而得到了不同詮釋。.