Este artículo explora las implicaciones para la academia y la política de lo que llamamos apegos a la inocencia. Luego de rastrear las formas en que la inocencia aparece en diferentes corrientes del pensamiento contemporáneo, nos concentramos en cómo ella protege a individuos y grupos de confrontar nuestra profunda participación en la opresión. Esta evasión de la responsabilidad funciona, en nuestra perspectiva, como un obstáculo para comprender el poder e interactuar éticamente. El artículo también examina cómo las dimensiones reduccionistas y (...) autoritarias de la inocencia se fusionan con la apropiación neoliberal de la política progresista en la academia y el activismo. Nos interesan los modos en que académicos y activistas son recompensados por cultivar un yo-inocente a través de intervenciones discursivas y materiales que mantienen intocadas las relaciones de poder. No son las recompensas meramente monetarias o de estatus las que perpetúan esto, sino la crisis que produce nuestra implicación personal y colectiva en la violencia que supuestamente rechazamos. Trabajando con y a través del carácter móvil de la agencia, el poder, el abuso y la justicia, exploramos qué está en juego a la hora de poder, o no, superar los apegos a la inocencia. Hacemos esto con la esperanza de delinear otro tipo de encuentro: uno que procede del reconocimiento de que la inocencia no es una condición para nuestra participación en la vida política. (shrink)

Genetic and early environmental factors are interwoven in the etiology of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Epigenetic mechanisms offer the molecular machinery to adapt to environmental conditions. There are gaps in the knowledge about how epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the effects of early affective environment, development of BPD, and psychotherapy response. We reviewed the available evidence of the effects of psychotherapy on changes in DNA methylation and conducted a pilot study in a sample of 11 female adolescents diagnosed with BPD, (...) exploring for changes in peripheral DNA methylation of FKBP5 gene, which encodes for a stress response protein, in relation to psychotherapy, on symptomatology and underlying psychological processes. For this purpose, measures of early trauma, borderline and depressive symptoms, psychotherapy outcome, mentalization, and emotional regulation were studied. A reduction in the average FKBP5 methylation levels was observed over time. Additionally, the decrease in FKBP5 methylation observed occurred only in those individuals who had early trauma and responded to psychotherapy. The results suggest an effect of psychotherapy on epigenetic mechanisms associated with the stress response. The finding that epigenetic changes were only observed in patients with early trauma suggests a specific molecular mechanism of recovery. The results should be taken with caution given the small sample size. Also, further research is needed to adjust for confounding factors and include endocrinological markers and therapeutic process variables. (shrink)

En este artículo pretendo discutir la conclusión a la que llega Weyl en su libro _El continuo_ sobre la relación entre el continuo intuitivo y el matemático. Esto me sirve a su vez para analizar más profundamente estas ideas, y postular la propiedad de ausencia de espacios vacíos [_Lückenlosigkeit_] como fundamento del continuo intuitivo y, en consecuencia, del matemático. Proponiendo además una alternativa idealista para el tratamiento del problema del continuo.

El artículo analiza en qué medida la doctrina del fair use es consistente con tres de las principales justificaciones de la propiedad intelectual, para evaluar en qué medida puede decirse que es una doctri- na justa. Para desarrollar el análisis, se examina primero cómo han interpretado los jueces estadounidenses el alcance y la aplicación de esta doctrina y luego se evalúa en qué medida dicha interpretación resulta consistente con cada una de las tres justificaciones mencionadas.

En este artículo analizamos conceptos fundamentales que sirven para entender mejor Das Kontinuum. Asimismo, defendemos la interpretación de Feferman —sobre todo, en lo referente al tratamiento de los conjuntos aritméticos, y al alcance del sistema que Weyl introdujo en el libro— como la más apropiada para entender la idea original, frente a la interpretación que Arnon Avron propuso recientemente.

Identity has been widely understood in Western societies as a specular construction that operates simultaneously both from within and from outside oneself. However, this process is fiercely changing in a world in which almost every human action is mediated by information and communication technologies. This paper, from a theoretical perspective, aims to discover the main educational implications of this change. For that purpose, we first consider the traditional meaning and process of forming the self in Western culture. Afterwards, we identify (...) and describe the mechanisms for the construction of the self in our current context, highlighting the fact that technologies, in themselves and regardless of the use we make of them, hide implications. Taking this into account, we show to what extent the current development of the self presents shades, conflicts and tangible risks from an educational perspective. We finally conclude that it is essential to promote an education on technology that goes beyond the use regulation in which, up to now, it has been solely focused on. (shrink)

Waiting has traditionally been defined as the interval of time between the anticipation of an event and its occurrence. From an educational perspective, we usually believe that it is not the wait that is important, but the attitude of the individual who is waiting. It is for this reason that, while we can barely find any educational research that addresses waiting, there is a prolific production relating to hope; that is, relating to one of the possible attitudes that someone may (...) have while waiting. This paper, contrary to this trend, aims to highlight, on the one hand, the educational importance that waiting has in itself and, on the other hand, the need to take it into account before addressing any attitude that an individual may show in relation to it. To do this, we will first distinguish between two different ways of waiting, one in which the individual is aware of the objective of the wait and another in which they are not aware of any objective. Secondly, we will analyze each of them separately and point out to what extent our world today is trying to force us to reduce our experience to just one of them. Finally, we will conclude that there is an educational need to experience both if we want to educate open minds capable of dealing with hope-inspiring attitudes in different ways. (shrink)

Audio description remains the cornerstone of accessibility for visually impaired audiences to all sorts of audiovisual content, including porn. Existing work points to the efficacy of audio description to guarantee immersion and emotional engagement, but evidence on its role in sexual arousal and engagement in porn is still scant. The present study takes on this challenge by comparing sighted and visually impaired participants’ experiences with porn in terms of their physiological response [i.e., cortisol and heart rate ] and self-report measures (...) of affect [Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ; Watson et al., 1988], anxiety [State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ; Spielberger et al., 1970], sexual reactivity and arousal [Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scale ; Moyano and Sierra ; and the Ratings of Sexual Arousal ; Mosher ], and narrative engagement or transportation [The Transport Narrative Questionnaire, Green and Brock ]. 69 Spanish participants were allocated into three different groups: 25 sighted participants who watched and heard the porn scenes in their audio-visual version ; 22 sighted participants who listened to the audio described version without images ; and 22 visually impaired participants who also listened to the audio described version without images. Overall, results on physiological and self-report measures revealed no significant differences between groups or different versions of the clips. The analysis of cortisol reactivity to porn as the maximum increase or decrease in cortisol with respect to baseline values revealed no significant differences between the groups, but pointed to a higher percentage of non-responders than responders in the three groups, the highest being found in the ONCE group. As for participants’ cardiac response to the clips, no significant differences were found across the groups, with the highest HR levels being registered in the baseline phase. Self-report measures revealed significant between-group differences in negative affect. The ONCE group displayed the highest pre-task levels of negative affect and was the only group that showed a decrease in negative affect after exposure to the clips. Sighted and visually impaired participants reported to be moderately aroused and immersed in the films, regardless of exposure to AV or AD porn. In addition, correlations found between participants’ levels of self-report sexual arousal and transportation and post-task affect pointed to a positive relationship between exposure to porn and perceived levels of sexual arousal and affect. Results from the study reflected the efficacy of audio description in providing sighted and visually impaired audiences with a similar experience to that offered by original AV porn scenes. This study is exploratory but provides valid, initial groundwork for further research on the impact of audio description on porn reception. (shrink)

Parnas y Sass han ofrecido una tesis acerca de la Esquizofrenia en la que indican que su núcleo básico y originario es un trastorno del self. Ese trastorno consiste en: i) una reducción o aplacamiento del self o de la ipseidad, y ii) la hiper-reflexividad, que refiere a un tipo de conciencia del self exagerada, tendiente a focalizar y objetivar los fenómenos y los procesos de la conciencia que normalmente se experimentan de modo implícito como siendo del self. La ipseidad, (...) en cuanto conciencia pre-reflexiva del self, se configura en la síntesis pasiva; lo que sugiere que el núcleo central de los delirios o de la esquizofrenia radica en un nivel pre-reflexivo de la consciencia. El objetivo de este ensayo es ofrecer un marco base, a partir de lo que Husserl ha llamado “la síntesis pasiva”, pertinente para la comprensión de ese núcleo de la esquizofrenia y el trastorno de ipseidad como un problema en un nivel pre-reflexivo de la consciencia; útil, además, para indicar que los delirios o la esquizofrenia tienen que ver más con los aspectos empíricos de la experiencia que con problemas en la racionalidad del paciente. (shrink)

This paper argues that the linguistic approach to analyzing induction, according to which induction is a type of inference or argument composed of statements or propositions, is unsuitable to account for scientific reasoning. Consequently, a novel approach to induction in model-based science is suggested. First, in order to show their adherence to the linguistic treatment of induction, two strategies are reviewed: (i) Carnap and Reichenbach’s attempts to justify induction and (ii) Norton’s recent material theory of induction. Second, three reasons are (...) provided to support the claim that the linguistic treatment of induction is insufficient in accounting for model-based reasoning in science. Finally, a framework focused on models—rather than statements or propositions—is suggested to address induction in science. William Whewell’s theory of induction is briefly outlined as an example of a non-propositional treatment of induction that is consistent with model-based scientific practice. (shrink)

The objective of this paper is to make a rhetorical analysis of the op-ed entitled «Finding Design in Nature» by Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, Archbishop of Vienna, published by The New York Times in 2005, three months after the death of John Paul II. In this essay, the Cardinal states that it is an error to affirm that Catholic doctrine is compatible with the «neo-Darwinist» theory of evolution and that the Roman Catholic Church accepts that theory. For the Archbishop, the origin (...) of this error lies in the abuses committed in the interpretation of John Paul’s 1996 speech in which the Pope affirmed that evolution was more than a hypothesis and showed himself more favourable towards evolutionary theory than his predecessors. In his article the Cardinal described that papal message as «vague and unimportant». In this paper, the rhetorical techniques used by Schönborn in his article are analysed: the lexical choices to make a negative assessment of «neo Darwinist» evolutionary theory; the argumentative definition to make a polemical description of that theory; and the polyphonic proceedures designed to decontextualise the papal discourse and present Catholic beliefs as the truth. We interpret Cardinal Schönborn’s position as a rhetorical change with respect to John Paul II’s 1996 speech. From our point of view, the Archbishop directed his criticism against evolutionary theory not only because of its scientific theories (not rejected by Church teaching) but also for being potentially dangerous in its use by certain authors as a scientific argument in defence of their atheism. (shrink)

La necesidad de estudiar el lenguaje en su uso real y de comprender los efectos de los discursos en la realidad social ha generado un interés por observar discursos de alto impacto social tales como los discursos políticos, mediáticos y públicos. Un aspecto relevante por estudiar en estos discursos es lo denominado, por la teoría de enunciación, como modalización del discurso. Este fenómeno hace referencia a la postura del enunciador frente a lo que enuncia. Existen variadas categorías para observar la (...) modalización en el discurso; la menos estudiada ha sido la modalidad deóntica. Por esto, surge el interés de observar cómo este fenómeno de la modalización se presenta en un contexto discursivo de alto interés nacional como lo ha sido durante la pandemia de COVID-19. La presente investigación describe, a partir del estudio de la modalidad deóntica, la variación en el grado de obligatoriedad con que la autoridad sanitaria planteó las medidas para controlar la pandemia de COVID-19 en Chile. Para llevar a cabo este objetivo, se analizó un corpus seleccionado de 18 reportes sanitarios del MINSAL entregados en distintos momentos de la pandemia en Chile. Los resultados del estudio, desarrollado desde un paradigma interpretativo y con enfoque cualitativo, evidencian que existe variación en el grado de obligatoriedad con que se enunció el discurso sanitario y que dicha variación está directamente relacionada con los periodos de agudización de la crisis sanitaria (ej. olas de contagios). Así, también, se observó el uso de la variación en la modalización deóntica como una estrategia discursiva por parte del enunciatario. (shrink)

Em 18 de setembro de 1789, referindo-se ao alcance do poder constituinte da Assembleia Nacional, Mirabeau afirmou que era preciso, nessas horas de mudança, “evitar a subitaneidade do trânsito”. Em um luminoso ensaio de 1927, consagrado ao “Orador do Povo”, José Ortega y Gasset ensina que, na ocasião, “a política de Mirabeau, como toda política autêntica, postula a unidade dos contrários. É pre-ciso, ao mesmo tempo, um impulso e um freio, uma força de acele-ração, de mudança social, e uma força (...) de contenção que impeça a vertiginosidade”. Esta definição de Ortega, que equipara a construção de um novo regime com o método da política, não só é singularmente útil para analisar as situações em que os processos de mudança não são descontínuos, onde a ruptura é de alguma maneira negociada, mas torna a nosso autor um autêntico teórico da reforma social e, por esta via, da moderação política (e da virtude, na tradição aristotélica). Não se esgota aqui, porém, o veio da moderação em Ortega. Em outra obra contemporânea da anterior, o filósofo espanhol evoca uma dimensão não menos importante dela: o tema da convivência e da conciliação. E se vale de um autor do século XIV, Ibn Khaldun, para lembrar-nos o ilusório da table rase, para que advirtamos que ainda em nossos dias toda mudança duradoura deve valer-se sempre de uma tradição longa contra uma tradição curta, que é através do retorno que se faz o novo. Parafraseando, pois, o título deste segundo ensaio, Ortega y Gasset nos revela o segredo: as chaves da mudança social em liberdade. (shrink)

Este artículo realiza un análisis político de cine para abordar algunos discursos presentes en la película costarricense Princesas rojas (2013), de la directora Laura Astorga, que permiten acceder a una mirada alternativa de la memoria histórica costarricense en cuanto a la participación de nacionales en el conflicto armado nicaragüense. A propósito, se identifica un primer discurso alternativo o de resistencia y un segundo dominante o hegemónico, de esto se concluye que los mismos configuran la disputa de dos visiones político-culturales distintas (...) que separan las orientaciones familiares enmarcadas en un contexto ideológico de mayor envergadura. (shrink)

This paper argues that the linguistic approach to analyzing induction, according to which induction is a type of inference or argument composed of statements or propositions, is unsuitable to account for scientific reasoning. Consequently, a novel approach to induction in model-based science is suggested. First, in order to show their adherence to the linguistic treatment of induction, two strategies are reviewed: (i) Carnap and Reichenbach’s attempts to justify induction and (ii) Norton’s recent material theory of induction. Second, three reasons are (...) provided to support the claim that the linguistic treatment of induction is insufficient in accounting for model-based reasoning in science. Finally, a framework focused on models—rather than statements or propositions—is suggested to address induction in science. William Whewell’s theory of induction is briefly outlined as an example of a non-propositional treatment of induction that is consistent with model-based scientific practice. (shrink)

The trade and technological war initiated in 2018 between China and the United States has increased interest in the possible hegemonic succession. In this paper, starting from the concept of interstate hegemony, a comparative analysis of the material capabilities of each power in five areas: productive, technological, commercial, monetary-financial and military. This analysis makes it possible to quantify whether China can surpass the United States. As a result, it is concluded that China is far from surpassing the United States in (...) the military and monetary-financial areas, but it can compete in the productive, commercial, and certain critical technological sectors. (shrink)

El presente trabajo analiza la teoría de la imitación desarrollada por Walter Benjamin en el célebre ensayo sobre la obra de arte. Se pretende abordar el ensayo como una nueva muestra de la “investigación sobre el origen” ya empleada en sus obras anteriores, lo cual nos permitirá esclarecer el papel privilegiado que Benjamin asigna a la “mimesis” como el “origen” que revela la ley unitaria de toda la época. El ensayo, por tanto, supera el reducido ámbito de la estética en (...) el que ha sido tradicionalmente enmarcado y apunta a una reflexión más amplia sobre las contradicciones internas de la modernidad, respecto de la cual la mimesis señala a la vez el problema y una posible vía de salida. (shrink)

This text is an artistic political friction and therefore its intention is to be a manifesto. It follows Donna Haraway’s thought in its character of situated experience and knowledge, the narrative voice is of the singular creatures that question the interactions with the earth as soil and the plants, as well as the hybrids and the grafts in their contradictions and liminal character in the history of agricultural technology and of the domestication of the earth/soil. It is an approach to (...) the notion nosótrica of the earth/soil, coming from the language Tojol’ab’al of the Indigenous people of Mexico and the meaning of knowing how to listen, studied by Carlos Lenkersdorf. (shrink)

El objetivo de este estudio es elaborar una síntesis rigurosa y actualizada sobre la educación y la igualdad de género en el ámbito académico. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un análisis bibliométrico orientado a evaluar de forma objetiva y cuantificable el estado de la literatura sobre estos dos aspectos. El período objeto de estudio engloba 11 años, dado que se inicia el 1 de enero de 2011 y finaliza el 31 de diciembre de 2021. De este modo, el análisis (...) incluye un período de cinco años, antes y después de 2016, considerado como el inicio oficial de la Agenda 2030.Los resultados preliminares muestran que la investigación sobre educación e igualdad de género se ha trasladado desde el ámbito norteamericano hasta territorio asiático. Se confirma la importancia del tema debido al elevado número de estudios subvencionados por entidades públicas y privadas. (shrink)

One might expect that, in pure coordination games, coordination would become less frequent as the number of options increases. Contrary to this expectation, we report an experiment which found more frequent coordination when the option set was unrestricted than when it was restricted. To try to explain this result, we develop a method for eliciting the general rules that subjects use to identify salient options in restricted and unrestricted sets. We find that each such rule, if used by all subjects, (...) would generate greater coordination in restricted sets. However, subjects tend to apply different rules to restricted and unrestricted sets. (shrink)

Se revisan las nociones de teoría que han ofrecido dos importantes corrientes dentro de la filosofía de la ciencia: las concepciones sintáctica y semántica de las teorías. En tal sentido, el presente recorrido crítico de la literatura especializada centra su atención en la dimensión sincrónica de las teorías y aborda qué son las teorías científicas, cómo se caracterizan y cuál es su relación con la realidad, con base en el análisis estático de estas; además, ofrece una aproximación al estado actual (...) de la discusión. -/- The notions of theory that have offered two important currents within the philosophy of science are reviewed, namely, the syntactic and semantic conception of theories. In this sense, this critical journey of specialized literature on the synchronous dimension of theories and addresses what scientific theories are, how they are characterized and what their relationship is with reality, based on static analysis of the same, giving, in addition, a brief approach to the current state of the discussion. (shrink)

Every innovation seeks to become a profitable business, with this considered to be the engine for economic prosperity. When an innovation is revolutionary, its long-term consequences can be revolutionary too. The Haber-Bosh process for ammonia synthesis is arguably the twentieth century’s most significant innovation, and its importance to global food production and its impact on the environment are not expected to diminish over the coming decades. The historical case of the ammonia synthesis process invented by Fritz Haber and the ensuing (...) innovation provides an incomparable opportunity to illustrate the interactions across contemporary needs, prominent scientists, political concerns, moral dilemmas, ethics, governance and environmental implications at a time when the concept of sustainability was still in its infancy. Despite its high economic and environmental costs, no cleaner or more efficient sustainable alternative has so far been found, and so replacing this “old” innovation that still “feeds” a large part of the world’s population does not appear to be on the cards in the near future. (shrink)

El artículo analiza los cambios que se están produciendo en el ámbito de las relaciones de trabajo, tanto desde la perspectiva de aquellos que afectan al concepto y al valor del trabajo como desde la de los que toman en consideración los operados en la composición de la población trabajadora y de sus condiciones de trabajo. Se subraya la importancia de vincular las políticas económicas, sociales y de empleo, para conseguir el objetivo de un trabajo decente para todos, tal como (...) se propugna por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo. Se manifiesta la importancia de analizar, cuando se estudia el trabajo, tanto su cantidad como su calidad, destacándose la importancia de tomar debidamente en consideración esta última. Se defiende la estabilidad en el empleo como un elemento clave para una buena política de relaciones laborales en la empresa. (shrink)

Se realizó una intervención comunitaria en el asentamiento rural "El León" de Camagüey basada en los resultados de un estudio anterior. Su objetivo fue implementar un sistema de acciones socio-sanitarias colectadas en un manual que organizó contenidos de antropología socio cultural, psicología y sociología de la salud, fue conducida por profesionales de enfermería cuyo encargo social les asigna una mayor permanencia e intercambio con los pobladores. Se potenció el trabajo comunitario a partir de febrero de 2010. La investigación constituyó un (...) diseño mixto, con un estudio cuasi experimental sin grupo control combinado con métodos cualitativos. La evaluación final efectuada en el periodo 2013-2015 exhibió modificaciones positivas en indicadores del Análisis de la Situación de Salud y el entorno comunitario. Se demostró la importancia de la aplicación de las acciones comunitarias por el personal de enfermería como agente de cambio de desarrollo local y protagonista de sostenibilidad. A community intervention was carried out at the rural settlement "El León". Its objective was to implement a system of actions led by nursing professionals whose social role assigns them longer permanence and interchange with the inhabitants of the community. Community work was fostered from February 2010 with social and sanitary actions based on socio-cultural anthropology, psychology and health sociology knowledge. The investigation had a mixed design, being a quasi-experimental study without control group combined with qualitative methods. The final evaluation, which took place from 2013-2015, showed positive modifications in Health Analysis indicators and community environment. The importance of the application of community actions by nursing personnel as agents of change for local development and sustainability leaders was demonstrated. (shrink)

Contra la nación y la patria : Guillén de Lampart, rey de México -- Labios azules -- Cronotopía del oasis.