Family obligation, which has an exceptionally high salience in traditional Chinese society, continues to be significant in contemporary China. In family relations in particular sentiments and practices morphologically similar to those associated with xiao remains intact in so far as an enduring set of expectations concerning age-based obligation continues to structure behavior toward others. Researchers pursuing the theme of “individualization” in Chinese society, on the other hand, argue that family obligations and filial sentiments have substantially weakened. The present paper will (...) show that under conditions of cultural and social change in China filial behavior through family obligation continues to play an important role even though the conventions associated with the relevant expectations, attitudes and emotions have undergone significant change. The paper argues that the culture-system develops not merely through an internal dynamic and that family obligation must be understood in terms of the social and material context in which it operates and the nature of the motivations and imagery of the people that practice it. (shrink)
This book considers the nature and possibilities of conceptual change and transformation under conditions of globalization, especially with regard to Chinese social and cultural concepts. It argues that the influence of globalization promotes the spread of West European and American social science concepts and methods at the expense of local concepts and approaches, and at the same time provides opportunities for the incorporation of local concepts, including Chinese concepts, into Western or mainstream social science.
We investigate the dynamics of a nonautonomous stochastic SIS epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate and double epidemic hypothesis. By constructing suitable stochastic Lyapunov functions and using Has’minskii theory, we prove that there exists at least one nontrivial positive periodic solution of the system. Moreover, the sufficient conditions for extinction of the disease are obtained by using the theory of nonautonomous stochastic differential equations. Finally, numerical simulations are utilized to illustrate our theoretical analysis.
Data gathering is the basis of monitoring applications in an underwater sensor network, and excellent network coverage and data transmission reliability are the guarantees for the quality of monitoring tasks. However, the energy consumption of the nodes is too fast due to the heavy load of the cluster heads closer to the sink when data is transmitted between cluster heads and the sink by multihop, which leads to an energy hole problem in an underwater sensor network of clustering technology. Aiming (...) to address this problem, we propose a dynamic hierarchical clustering data gathering algorithm based on multiple criteria decision making in a 3D underwater sensor network. Firstly, the entire monitoring network is divided into many layers. For selecting a cluster head in each layer, multiple criteria decision making of an intuitionistic fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and hierarchical fuzzy integration is adopted. Furthermore, a sorting algorithm is used to form a clustering topology algorithm to solve the problem that there is the only node in one cluster. Then, an energy-balanced routing algorithm between clusters is proposed according to the residual energy of the node, the depth, and the number of neighbor nodes. Finally, the simulation results show that DHCDGA can not only effectively balance the energy consumption of the network and prolong the network lifetime but also improve network coverage and data gathering reliability. (shrink)
In this paper, the stabilization problem of nonholonomic chained-form systems is addressed with uncertain constants. In this paper, the active disturbance rejection control is designed to solve this problem. The proposed control strategy combines extended state observer and adaptive sliding mode controller. The control of nonholonomic chained-form systems with dynamic nonlinear uncertain terms and uncertain constants is first discussed in this paper. In comparison with existing methods, the proposed method in this paper has better performance. It is proved that, with (...) the application of the proposed control strategy, semiglobal finite-time stabilization of the systems is achieved. An example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. (shrink)
On the basis of PM2.5 data of the national air quality monitoring sites, local population data, and baseline all-cause mortality rate, PM2.5-related health economic benefits of the Air Improvement Action Plan implemented in Wuhan in 2013–2017 were investigated using health-impact and valuation functions. Annual avoided premature deaths driven by the average concentration of PM2.5 decrease were evaluated, and the economic benefits were computed by using the value of statistical life (VSL) method. Results showed that the number of avoided premature deaths (...) in Wuhan are 21,384 (95% confidence interval (CI): 15,004 to 27,255) during 2013–2017, due to the implementation of the Air Improvement Action Plan. According to the VSL method, the obtained economic benefits of Huangpi, Wuchang, Hongshan, Xinzhou, Jiang’an, Hanyang, Jiangxia, Qiaokou, Jianghan, Qingshan, Caidian, Dongxihu, and Hannan District were 8.55, 8.19, 8.04, 7.39, 5.78, 4.84, 4.37, 4.04, 3.90, 3.30, 2.87, 2.42, and 0.66 billion RMB (1 RMB = 0.1417 USD On 14 October 2019), respectively. These economic benefits added up to 64.35 billion RMB (95% CI: 45.15 to 82.02 billion RMB), accounting for 4.80% (95% CI: 3.37% to 6.12%) of the total GDP of Wuhan in 2017. Therefore, in the process of formulating a regional air quality improvement scheme, apart from establishing hierarchical emission-reduction standards and policies, policy makers should give integrated consideration to the relationship between regional economic development, environmental protection and residents’ health benefits. Furthermore, for improving air quality, air quality compensation mechanisms can be established on the basis of the status quo and trends of air quality, population distribution, and economic development factors. (shrink)
Pharmaceutical sales representatives are one of the most frequently used drug information sources for physicians in both the United States and China. During face-to-face interactions, PSRs use various promotional strategies to impact the prescribing behavior. In the United States, PSRs provide physicians small gifts, free drug samples, and “sincere friendships”, whereas in China, they played an indispensable role in medical corruption over the past three decades. To cope with the undue influence of PSRs, both these countries have taken positive but (...) insufficient measures to eliminate the effect thus far. By comparing the strategies of American and Chinese PSRs, it was found that building a friendly personal relationship with physicians in a relatively closed private environment is a key factor to exert an individualized influence on physicians, even in different social backgrounds and healthcare contexts. Therefore, this essay suggests that it is necessary to limit the establishment of personal relationships and maintain a more professional interaction to reduce the personalized psychological and emotional influences on physicians’ professional judgment. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to transfer the physician-PSR interaction to a professional public space as a supplement to current countermeasures and suggestions. The presence of others and the possibility of third party participation will stimulate more ethical and reputational concerns. It is hoped that the increased transparency of the interaction will promote participants to consider more professional norms and mitigate the undue influence of PSRs’ individualized strategies. (shrink)
This paper presents an improved clustering algorithm for categorizing data with arbitrary shapes. Most of the conventional clustering approaches work only with round-shaped clusters. This task can be accomplished by quickly searching and finding clustering methods for density peaks, but in some cases, it is limited by density peaks and allocation strategy. To overcome these limitations, two improvements are proposed in this paper. To describe the clustering center more comprehensively, the definitions of local density and relative distance are fused with (...) multiple distances, including K-nearest neighbors and shared-nearest neighbors. A similarity-first search algorithm is designed to search the most matching cluster centers for noncenter points in a weighted KNN graph. Extensive comparison with several existing DPC methods, e.g., traditional DPC algorithm, density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise, affinity propagation, FKNN-DPC, and K-means methods, has been carried out. Experiments based on synthetic data and real data show that the proposed clustering algorithm can outperform DPC, DBSCAN, AP, and K-means in terms of the clustering accuracy, the adjusted mutual information, and the adjusted Rand index. (shrink)
Teaching has long been considered as one of the most challenging professions worldwide due to the involvement of numerous linguistic, socio-political, social, and psych-emotional factors. Because of these factors, english as a foreign language teachers are psychologically, emotionally, and physically pressed in their job. These damaging pressures often result in negative academic outcomes for teachers, students, and educational systems. Despite dire consequences, few studies have examined the role of psycho-emotional factors in improving teaching performance and reducing negative emotions at the (...) workplace. To fill this gap, this mini-review article aimed to present a theoretical analysis of three constructs of occupational adjustment, psychological hardiness, and burnout. In so doing, the definitions, conceptualizations, dimensions, and empirical studies related to each variable were presented. The study ends with the existing research gaps and offers some implications for EFL teachers and other stakeholders by increasing their knowledge of emotions in occupational environments and the consequences that such emotions can have for an organization. (shrink)
One of the key components of traditional seismic interpretation is to associate or “label” a specific seismic amplitude package of reflectors with an appropriate seismic or geologic facies. The object of seismic clustering algorithms is to use a computer to accelerate this process, allowing one to generate interpreted facies for large 3D volumes. Determining which attributes best quantify a specific amplitude or morphology component seen by the human interpreter is critical to successful clustering. Unfortunately, many patterns, such as coherence images (...) of salt domes, result in a salt-and-pepper classification. Application of 3D Kuwahara median filters smooths the interior attribute response and sharpens the contrast between neighboring facies, thereby preconditioning the attribute volumes for subsequent clustering. In our workflow, the interpreter manually painted [Formula: see text] target facies using traditional interpretation techniques, resulting in attribute training data for each facies. Candidate attributes were evaluated by crosscorrelating their histogram for each facies with low correlation implying good facies discrimination, and Kuwahara filtering significantly increased this discrimination. Multiattribute voxels for the [Formula: see text] interpreter-painted facies were projected against a generative topographical mapping manifold, resulting in [Formula: see text] probability density functions. The Bhattacharyya distance between the PDF of each unlabeled voxel to each of [Formula: see text] facies PDFs resulted in a probability volume of each user-defined facies. We have determined the effectiveness of this workflow to a large 3D seismic volume acquired offshore Louisiana, USA. (shrink)
Authoritarian leadership is of great significance to eastern countries, including China. Meanwhile, unethical employee behavior also exists in all types of social organizations. The relationship between authoritarian leadership and unethical employee behavior is worth studying. Senior leaders often do not have a direct influence on employees except for through their immediate supervisors. The leadership style of senior leaders also influences the leadership style of their subordinates. This paper studies how authoritarian manager leadership trickles down to unethical employee behavior through authoritarian (...) supervisor leadership and discusses the moderating effect of leader member exchange and an ethical climate. Through a questionnaire survey of 406 pairs of leaders, supervisors, and employees, the research results of the multilevel model show that authoritarian supervisor leadership is positively related to unethical employee behavior, authoritarian supervisor leadership mediates the relationship between authoritarian manager leadership and unethical employee behavior, LMX positively moderates the relationship between authoritarian manager leadership and authoritarian supervisor leadership and moderates the mediating effect of authoritarian supervisor leadership, and, that an ethical climate negatively moderates the relationship between authoritarian supervisor leadership and unethical employee behavior and moderates the mediating effect of authoritarian supervisor leadership. (shrink)
Work procrastination is a retreat behavior associated with negative cognitive experience and it results in great losses to individual as well as organizational development. Understanding the antecedents of employees’ work procrastination behavior contributes to lower frequency of its occurrence. This research builds a dual-moderated mediation model from the perspective of cognitive appraisal theory and explored work procrastination behavior of employees subjected to abusive supervision. With 378 valid returned questionnaires, data collected from 32 companies in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing supports (...) our hypotheses. This result has enriched the understanding of work procrastination behavior and provided practical implications to avoide its negative effects. (shrink)
Assuming the existence of a measurable cardinal, we define a hierarchy of Ramsey cardinals and a hierarchy of normal filters. We study some combinatorial properties of this hierarchy. We show that this hierarchy is absolute with respect to the Dodd-Jensen core model, extending a result of Mitchell which says that being Ramsey is absolute with respect to the core model.
One of the key tasks of a seismic interpreter is to map lateral changes in surfaces, not only including faults, folds, and flexures, but also incisements, diapirism, and dissolution features. Volumetrically, coherence provides rapid visualization of faults and curvature provides rapid visualization of folds and flexures. Aberrancy measures the lateral change of curvature along a picked or inferred surface. Aberrancy complements curvature and coherence. In normally faulted terrains, the aberrancy anomaly will track the coherence anomaly and fall between the most (...) positive curvature anomaly defining the footwall and the most negative curvature anomaly defining the hanging wall. Aberrancy can delineate faults whose throw falls below the seismic resolution or is distributed across a suite of smaller conjugate faults that do not exhibit a coherence anomaly. Previously limited to horizon computations, we extend aberrancy to uninterpreted seismic data volumes. We apply our volumetric aberrancy calculation to a data volume acquired over the Barnett Shale gas reservoir of the Fort Worth Basin, Texas. In this area, the Barnett Shale is bound on the top by the Marble Falls Limestone and on the bottom by the Ellenburger Dolomite. Basement faulting controls karstification in the Ellenburger, resulting in the well-known “string of pearls” pattern seen on coherence images. Aberrancy delineates small karst features, which are, in many places, too smoothly varying to be detected by coherence. Equally important, aberrancy provides the azimuthal orientation of the fault and flexure anomalies. (shrink)
Much of seismic interpretation is based on pattern recognition, such that experienced interpreters are able to extract subtle geologic features that a new interpreter may easily overlook. Seismic pattern recognition is based on the identification of changes in amplitude, phase, frequency, dip, continuity, and reflector configuration. Seismic attributes, which providing quantitative measures that can be subsequently used in risk analysis and data mining, partially automate the pattern recognition problem by extracting key statistical, geometric, or kinematic components of the 3D seismic (...) volume. Early attribute analysis began with recognition of bright spots and quickly moved into the mapping of folds, faults, and channels. Although a novice interpreter may quickly recognize faults and channels on attribute time slices, karst terrains provide more complex patterns. We sought to instruct the attribute expression of a karst terrain in the western part of the Fort Worth Basin, Texas, United States of America. Karst provides a specific expression on almost every attribute. Specifically, karst in the Fort Worth Basin Ellenburger Group exhibits strong dip, negative curvature, low coherence, and a shift to lower frequencies. Geomorphologically, the inferred karst geometries seen in our study areas indicate strong structural control, whereby large-scale karst collapse is associated with faults and where karst lineaments are aligned perpendicularly to faults associated with reflector rotation anomalies. (shrink)
One of the key tasks of a seismic interpreter is to map lateral changes in surfaces, not only including faults, folds, and flexures, but also incisements, diapirism, and dissolution features. Volumetrically, coherence provides rapid visualization of faults and curvature provides rapid visualization of folds and flexures. Aberrancy measures the lateral change of curvature along a picked or inferred surface. Aberrancy complements curvature and coherence. In normally faulted terrains, the aberrancy anomaly will track the coherence anomaly and fall between the most (...) positive curvature anomaly defining the footwall and the most negative curvature anomaly defining the hanging wall. Aberrancy can delineate faults whose throw falls below the seismic resolution or is distributed across a suite of smaller conjugate faults that do not exhibit a coherence anomaly. Previously limited to horizon computations, we extend aberrancy to uninterpreted seismic data volumes. We apply our volumetric aberrancy calculation to a data volume acquired over the Barnett Shale gas reservoir of the Fort Worth Basin, Texas. In this area, the Barnett Shale is bound on the top by the Marble Falls Limestone and on the bottom by the Ellenburger Dolomite. Basement faulting controls karstification in the Ellenburger, resulting in the well-known “string of pearls” pattern seen on coherence images. Aberrancy delineates small karst features, which are, in many places, too smoothly varying to be detected by coherence. Equally important, aberrancy provides the azimuthal orientation of the fault and flexure anomalies. (shrink)
Microscale fabric influences the elastic properties of rock formations. The complexity of the microscale fabric of shale results from composition, platy clay minerals, kerogen, and their preferred orientation patterns. This microscale fabric is also the likely cause of the elastic anisotropy of the rock. In this paper, we have developed a comprehensive three-step rock-physics approach to model the anisotropic elastic properties of the Upper Eagle Ford Shale. We started with anisotropic differential effective medium modeling, followed by an orientation correction, and (...) then a pressure adjustment. This method accounts for the microscale fabric of the rock in terms of the complex composition, shape, and alignment of clay minerals, pore space, and kerogen. In addition, we accounted for different pressure-dependent behaviors of P- and S-waves. Our modeling provides anisotropic stiffnesses and pseudologs of anisotropy parameters. The modeling results match the log measurements relatively well. The clay content, kerogen content, and porosity decreased the rock stiffness. The anisotropy increases with kerogen content, but the influence of clay content was more complex. Comparing the anisotropy parameter pseudologs with clay content shows that clay content increases anisotropy at small concentrations; however, the anisotropy stays constant, or even slightly decreases, as the clay content continues to increase. This result suggests that the preferred orientation of clay clusters is preserved at low clay concentration but vanishes at high clay concentration. This method could also be applied to other shales with carefully chosen parameters to model anisotropic elastic properties. (shrink)
A vehicle-commodity matching problem is presented for service providers to reduce the cost of the logistics system. The vehicle classification model is built as a Gaussian mixture model, and the expectation-maximization algorithm is designed to solve the parameter estimation of GMM. A nonlinear mixed-integer programming model is constructed to minimize the total cost of VCMP. The matching process between vehicle and commodity is realized by GMM-EM, as a preprocessing of the solution. The design of the vehicle-commodity matching platform for VCMP (...) is designed to reduce and eliminate the information asymmetry between supply and demand so that the order allocation can work at the right time and the right place and use the optimal solution of vehicle-commodity matching. Furthermore, the numerical experiment of an e-commerce supply chain proves that a hybrid evolutionary algorithm is superior to the traditional method, which provides a decision-making reference for e-commerce VCMP. (shrink)
To explore the influences of traffic-related negative emotions on driving decisions, we induced drivers’ three emotions by videos, then the drivers were shown traffic pictures at different risk levels and made decisions about whether to slow down, while their eye movements were recorded. We found that traffic-related negative emotion influenced driving decisions. Compared with neutral emotion, traffic-related negative emotion led to an increase in the number of decelerations, and the higher the risk, the more the number of decelerations. The visual (...) processing time of the risk area was shorter in the traffic-related negative emotional state than that in the neutral emotional state. The less time drivers spend looking at the risk area, the faster they make their driving decisions. The results suggest that traffic-related negative emotions lead drivers to make more conservative decisions. This study supports the rationality of using traffic accident materials to conduct safety education for drivers. This article also discussed the significance of traffic-related negative emotions to social security. (shrink)
Grey correlation analysis uses grey correlations to describe the strength, magnitude, and order of relationships among factors. The data sequence of the drmined data is used as a reference data string, and the data sequence matrix of each influence factor is used as a control data matrix to calculate the correlation between the data sequence and the reference of each factor in the control data matrix. The basic idea of quantitatively measuring the correlation between each factor and the object is (...) to determine the similarity between the reference data sequence and the shape of multiple comparison data sequences and to determine whether the connection is strong. It reflects the degree of correlation between curves. In this paper, we examine the problem of evaluating the quality of undergraduate education by multiple indicators and establish a comprehensive evaluation model of the quality of undergraduate education in the 13 prefecture level cities by using the grey correlation analysis. The correlation coefficient of each index was obtained by the grey correlation analysis, the correlation number of each index was analyzed and ranked, and finally the improvement of the number of “advanced teachers” and the education of 13 prefectures were reduced as much as possible. (shrink)
Extensive social choice theory is used to study the problem of measuring group fitness in a two-level biological hierarchy. Both fixed and variable group size are considered. Axioms are identified that imply that the group measure satisfies a form of consequentialism in which group fitness only depends on the viabilities and fecundities of the individuals at the lower level in the hierarchy. This kind of consequentialism can take account of the group fitness advantages of germ-soma specialization, which is not possible (...) with an alternative social choice framework proposed by Okasha, but which is an essential feature of the index of group fitness for a multicellular organism introduced by Michod, Viossat, Solari, Hurand, and Nedelcu to analyze the unicellular-multicellular evolutionary transition. The new framework is also used to analyze the fitness decoupling between levels that takes place during an evolutionary transition. (shrink)
As an important way for enterprises to fulfill social responsibility, corporate philanthropy has attracted much attention from the academic community. But there are still few well-targeted theoretical and empirical studies on what functions the board of directors should perform to better fulfill philanthropic responsibilities. Taking this deficiency as a breakthrough, this study focuses on Chinese state-owned and private enterprises to analyze and test the functions performed by the BOD in CP. Based on the sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from (...) 2008 to 2019, the empirical results show that the BOD of state-owned enterprises mainly performs a monitoring function in CP while that of private enterprises mainly performs a consulting function. The above findings remain valid when potential biases in the quantitative analysis are considered. Further research shows that environmental dynamism and board fault lines inhibit the performance of the above two functions. The contributions of the study include clarifying the functional characteristics of the BOD in CP and its influencing factors, revealing new theories to the formation mechanism of CP, which provide references for enterprises to optimize philanthropic decision-making. The limitation should also be emphasized that our findings are based only on Chinese contexts. (shrink)
Seismic coherence is commonly used to delineate structural and stratigraphic discontinuities. We generally use full-bandwidth seismic data to calculate coherence. However, some seismic stratigraphic features may be buried in this full-bandwidth data but can be highlighted by certain spectral components. Due to thin-bed tuning phenomena, discontinuities in a thicker stratigraphic feature may be tuned and thus better delineated at a lower frequency, whereas discontinuities in the thinner units may be tuned and thus better delineated at a higher frequency. Additionally, whether (...) due to the seismic data quality or underlying geology, certain spectral components exhibit higher quality over other components, resulting in correspondingly higher quality coherence images. Multispectral coherence provides an effective tool to exploit these observations. We have developed the performance of multispectral coherence using different spectral decomposition methods: the continuous wavelet transform, maximum entropy, amplitude volume technique, and spectral probe. Applications to a 3D seismic data volume indicate that multispectral coherence images are superior to full-bandwidth coherence, providing better delineation of incised channels with less noise. From the CWT experiments, we find that providing exponentially spaced CWT components provides better coherence images than equally spaced components for the same computation cost. The multispectral coherence image computed using maximum entropy spectral voices further improves the resolution of the thinner channels and small-scale features. The coherence from AVT data set provides continuous images of thicker channel boundaries but poor images of the small-scale features inside the thicker channels. Additionally, multispectral coherence computed using the nonlinear spectral probes exhibits more balanced and reveals clear small-scale geologic features inside the thicker channel. However, because amplitudes are not preserved in the nonlinear spectral probe decomposition, noise in the noisier shorter period components has an equal weight when building the covariance matrix, resulting in increased noise in the generated multispectral coherence images. (shrink)
result from combining the determiners `this' or `that' with syntactically simple or complex common noun phrases such as `woman' or `woman who is taking her skis off'. Thus, `this woman', and `that woman who is taking her skis off' are complex demonstratives. There are also plural complex demonstratives such as `these skis' and `those snowboarders smoking by the gondola'. My book Complex Demonstratives: A Quantificational Account argues against what I call the direct reference account of complex demonstratives (henceforth DRCD) and (...) defends a quantificational account of complex demonstratives. In two recent papers, Nathan Salmon has criticized one of the book's arguments against DRCD. In this essay I show that Salmon's criticism fails. I also show that the version of DRCD that Salmon ends up endorsing is false. (shrink)
The existing literature provides conflicting results on the association between firm performance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. This paper empirically examines the effect of firm performance on CSR disclosure in terms of disclosure frequency and quality among Chinese listed firms and the possible mediating effect of corporate ownership on the relationship between firm performance and CSR disclosure. Our findings show that better-performing firms are more likely than worse-performing ones to disclose CSR information and to produce higher quality CSR reports. (...) In addition, the link between firm performance and CSR disclosure is found to be weaker among state-owned enterprises compared with non-state-owned ones. (shrink)
