This volume portrays the Polish or Lvov-Warsaw School, one of the most influential schools in analytic philosophy, which, as discussed in the thorough introduction, presented an alternative working picture of the unity of science.

Logic and psychology overlap in judgment, inference and proof. The problems raised by this commonality are notoriously difficult, both from a historical and from a philosophical point of view. Sundholm has for a long time addressed these issues. His beautiful piece of work [A Century of Inference: 1837-1936] begins by summarizing the main difficulty in the usual provocative manner of the author: one can start, he says, by the act of knowledge to go to the object, as the Idealist does; (...) one can also start by the object to go to the act, in the Realist mood; never the two shall meet. He is himself inclined to accept the first perspective as the right one and he has eventually developed an original version of antirealism which starts, not from considerations about the publicity of meaning, in the manner of Dummett, but from an epistemic standpoint, trying to search in a non-Fregean tradition of analysis of judgement and cognate notions a way of founding constructivist semantics. The present paper ploughes the same field. We concentrate on the significance, for Sundholm’s program, of the perspective that has been opened by Twardowski in his important essay on acts and products (1912. (shrink)

This essay aims to retrace the varied influences of Henri Poincaré’s ideas on the thought of Joachim Metallmann (1889-1942). Metallmann was a Polish Jew who was murdered by the Germans during World War II and has largely been neglected in the West. Metallmann’s philosophy of science inspired by figures like A. N. Whitehead and H. Poincaré was contrary to the positivistic and logicistic trends dominant in Poland in his time, veering towards a metaphysical reflection on nature. The influences of Poincaré’s (...) work can be found throughout Metallmann’s major works. My intention is to show how Metallmann’s idea of emergentism is quite probably based on Poincaré’s theory of nonlinear dynamical systems. Moreover, the structuralist tendencies of Metallmann’s thought can be linked to Poincaré’s ideas. This all proves that Poincaré’s impact on the philosophy of science goes beyond his role as a “father of conventionalism.”. (shrink)

Underlying the gnoseological and metaphysical dimension of Brentano’s philosophy Ingarden criticizes the psychological reception of Brentano in Poland as superficial. The article asks a question of the pertinence of Ingarden’s own phenomenological perspective to explain the Brentanian idea of intentionality.

L’histoire de la philosophie retient l’image de Husserl critiquant le relativisme de Dilthey dans la « Philosophie als strenge Wissenschaft » (Logos 1910/11). Or, la publication progressive des inédits des deux philosophes permet de la nuancer. Tout particulièrement l’étude des écrits psychologiques de Dilthey ouvre une perspective qui dévoile le véritable enjeu gnoséologique de sa rencontre possible avec Husserl : le dépassement du dualisme corps/âme et de la structure topologique intérieur/extérieur dans la psychologie. Liée avec le tournant gnoséologique de Dilthey, (...) cette problématique fondationnelle éclaire sous une lumière inattendue le transcendantalisme de Husserl. (shrink)

Les idées philosophiques de Łukasiewicz sont peu connues. Pourtant, elles sont essentielles pour comprendre l’évolution interne et l’unité particulière de l’École de Lvov-Varsovie. Dans l’article, nous montrons comment, dans le contexte de la critique du psychologisme, le jeune Łukasiewicz se détourne, au nom d’Aristote, de la tradition brentanienne et plus généralement germanique (Husserl, Meinong). Nous montrons également l’impact exercé par son évolution sur les léopoliens. La théorie des actions et des produits (TAP) que Twardowski formule à l’époque, et qui affirme (...) l’autonomie des notions abstraites stabilisées à l’aide de l’écriture et produites dans des actions psychophysiques, constituera dorénavant la base épistémologique commune de ses disciples. (shrink)