Although many scholars base their reflections about Newman’s theology of the laity on his Roman Catholic writings, his thoughts on this topic during his Anglican years seem equally important for the development of his views on the role of the laity in the Church. This article, which is an exploratory essay written as a prelude to a more extensive study, examines four principles of Newman’s Anglican thought on the laity: Taxonomy of the Laity [1801–1824],“Guardians of Tradition” [1822–1833], the “Law of (...) the Mind”[1828–1833], and the Principle of Development [1843–1845]. (shrink)

This essay, which traces the development of Newman’s thinking on the role of the laity in the Christian Church, is a sequel to an earlier study showing that the underlying image of his development of doctrine is his own personal development; accordingly, it is impossible to separate the events of Newman’s biography from his teaching on the role of the laity.

This essay, which traces the development of Newman’s thinking on the role of the laity in the Christian Church, is a sequel to an earlier study showing that the underlying image of his development of doctrine is his own personal development; accordingly, it is impossible to separate the events of Newman’s biography from his teaching on the role of the laity.

Despite two centuries of research, the human unconscious remains a vast, virtually uncharted territory in the field of psychology. Further understanding of the unconscious mind is crucial, since it is from this wellspring that the totality of human experience arises in all its complexity and power. Clinical psychology discovers the origins of behavioral disorders by examining historical and medical data, but the precise synthesis of these determinants is only now being discovered. In The Psychology of the Unconscious William L. Kelly (...) presents an overview of the lives and works of four major contributors to our present knowledge of the unconscious: Anton Mesmer, Pierre Janet, Sigmund Freud, and Carl Gustav Jung. Kelly examines the fascinating careers of these giants as well as the major themes of their research, including the use of hypnosis to treat hysteria and the relation of the symbolism of dreams to unconscious forces. Revealing the all-too-human elements at work behind the myths, Kelly recounts the difficulties early psychotherapy had in making itself a respectable branch of science and the infighting that led finally to a personal and professional break between Freud and Jung. After presenting the major themes in the work of the early experimentalists, Kelly moves on to a discussion of important recent findings in five major areas of research into the unconscious: mind-body (psychosomatic) illnesses; sleep disorders; dream therapy; hypnosis; and parapsychology. While the legitimacy of such allegedly paranormal phenomena as clairvoyance, psychokinesis, and precognition has long been contested and remains controversial still, their study continues to fascinate modern researchers. Unique in its introductory yet thorough discussion and analysis of the history and development of theories of the unconscious, this highly readable volume provides an accessible synthesis of the psychology of the unconscious and suggests future developments. As the human species enters the twenty-first century, along what divergent paths on the "royal road" to the unconscious will psychology take us? Various researchers may offer different answers, but on one thing they all agree, given the earlier lessons learned from Mesmer, Janet, Freud, and Jung: a heightened knowledge of the unconscious can only mean an improved understanding of human behavior. (shrink)