En el presente artículo nos proponemos realizar una comparación de la posición de D’Agostino con la de otro de los representantes del convencionalismo: William Morgan. A D’Agostino nos referiremos en el primer apartado y a Morgan en el segundo. Nos preguntaremos si Morgan, además de inscribir sus tesis dentro del convencionalismo, participa al mismo tiempo de la concepción internalista del deporte. Aunque uno y otro autor son convencionalistas, existen matices muy distintos entre sus posiciones que caben ser resaltadas, a fin (...) de clarificar su proximidad con otras teorías filosófico-deportivas. In this paper we propose a comparison of the position of D’Agostino with other rpresentatives of convention: Wilüam Morgan. We refer to D’Agostino’s position in the first section and in the second section to Morgan ’s. We ask whether Morgan, moreover of register his thesis within the Conventionalism, participaos also of the internaüst conception of sport. Although both authors are conventionalists, there are many different shades that fit between their positions be highüghted, in order to clarify its proximity to other phihsophical theories of port. (shrink)

En el presente texto proponemos una reflexión sobre uso de tecnologías genéticas que aumentan el rendimiento deportivo como futuro campo de investigación de una Neuroética social. Este problema, que se ha dado en llamar “dopaje genético”, congrega a su alrededor un debate entre los partidarios del Bioconservadurismo y del Transhumanismo. Expondremos la concepción de dos importantes representantes del Transhumanismo y de dos conocidos partidarios del Bioconservadurismo, a fin de subrayar la importancia de este debate y las futuras implicaciones en la (...) mejora del rendimiento físico, cognitivo y educacional a las que se deberá hacer frente desde el nivel socio-cultural de la Neuroética. (shrink)

Entre los siglos IX y XII son varias las manifestaciones artísticas que vinculan a Túnez con al-Andalus, Egipto y Sicilia. Se trata, más concretamente, de los cipos funerarios, de las mezquitas de nueve tramos y de los conjuntos de carácter áulico caracterizados por contar con un gran estanque. La documentación de estos modelos tipológicos, así como la aproximación a sus posibles orígenes y funciones llevan a plantear el papel de Ifrīqiya como foco creador o de concreción formal de los modelos, (...) actuando los focos restantes como receptores. (shrink)

Hemos ingeniado numerosos juegos para solazarnos; jugamos en las relaciones sociales desempeñando papeles con sus pertinentes máscaras; y el mundo semeja un gran juego que avanza subyugado por reglas, en el que, armados de nuestros saberes, jugamos para mantenernos vivos y vivir de la mejor manera. Mas aquí no se acaba el juego: resulta que el mundo, que es uno entre los posibles, debe de haberse impuesto, sin duda, a otras combinaciones de cartas en una recóndita partida de póquer de (...) un jugar inasible y difuso que rehúye nuestras concepciones. Porque, si bien de los juegos que hemos construido sabemos el qué, el para qué y el cómo, no podemos decir lo mismo del juego del mundo, inscrito a su vez en una maraña que juega sin límite y en la que nos vislumbramos. Por ello hemos de aclarar en qué consiste este juego último, para intentar descubrir a qué juega todo y a qué juega el ser humano. A ello ha venido consagrándose la Metafísica con estrategias varias: la Metafísica es también un juego, un juego de nociones, y a él se aplica este ensayo pretendiendo jugar con el mayor tino aun sin obtener ganancia. Así pues, este no es un libro de filosofía, contra lo que proclama el título; esto es un entretejido de partidas de un juego desesperado donde el jugador se juega el mundo, la vida, el pensamiento, el hombre y hasta a sí mismo. Con el molde del juego probaremos a concebir la realidad entera y a digerir la temática filosófica en sus tópicos más relevantes. Porque en este escrito la palabra juego funcionará como un significante flotante (en la nomenclatura estructuralista), como un valor simbólico cero, susceptible de aplicarse a cualquier fenómeno, y útil para conexionar nuestras inquietudes en los escenarios más diversos. Con dicha táctica, este libro recorrerá los problemas fundamentales de la filosofía para ofrecer al lector una visión aventurera al mismo tiempo que coherente. Empezando por un juego de solitario, el del Yo pensante, nos abriremos al pensamiento y al mundo, como juego en que participamos los hombres; veremos cómo en él se constituye el sentido o ser de las cosas, y cómo ese juego nos catapulta a un Gran Juego columbrado, al Juego de Ser (por llamarlo de algún modo), a un jugar sin sujeto y sin reglas al que no cabe aplicarle nuestras nociones. En tal juego intervenimos los hombres y efectuamos nuestras apuestas con los otros y con nosotros mismos y ante la muerte. Este libro se dirige a los jugadores genuinos, a los amantes del juego al margen de su resultado, dispuestos a los triunfos y a las derrotas, y a la derrota definitiva, sabedores de que todo es un juego después de todo. Emprenderemos, pues, un juego en sentido estricto y en sentido laxo, habida cuenta de que el ser y la nada, la verdad y el conocimiento, el mundo y las cosas, el hombre y el Yo pensante, la sociedad y la historia, el bien y el mal, Dios y el absurdo, la transcendencia y la muerte… son piezas, cartas o fichas con que nos hemos topado en un juego que nos abarca y al que nos sentimos arrojados. En cuanto juego, este libro, verdadero curso de filosofía para jugadores, aspira solo a que sus jugadas cuadren. (shrink)

The use in psychology of crowdsourcing platforms as a method of data collection has been increasing in popularity because of its relative ease and versatility. Our goal is to adapt the Gratitude Questionnaire–20 Items to the English language by using data collected through a crowdsourcing platform. The G20 is a comprehensive instrument that takes in consideration the different basic processes of gratitude and assesses the construct’s cognitive, evaluative, emotional, and behavioral processes. We test the psychometric properties of the English version (...) of the G20 with a Prolific user sample. We assess the adequacy of the G20 for the crowdsourcing population in its English version. A description of the characteristics of the participants is conducted. Reliability analyses reveal an optimal internal consistency of the adapted scale. The results are discussed from a cross-cultural vision of gratitude. We conclude that the Gratitude Questionnaire–20 Items, adapted to English with an American sample, is a psychometrically strong instrument to measure gratitude using crowdsourcing platforms for data collection and, therefore, a reference and useful tool in future research. (shrink)

El presente artículo busca señalar que cantantes como Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer y Peter Tosh han ejercido una especie de educación tribal que le ha permitido a la comunidad rastafari informarse de las pautas de comportamiento social y moral que han llegado a considerarse como emblemáticas de su sistema de valores. Para lograr nuestro propósito se citarán y glosarán un conjunto de canciones de ese género musical que a lo largo de décadas ha pregonado la naturaleza divina de Haile Selassie, (...) la idea del regreso al África, la importancia histórica y política de Marcus Garvey, el carácter sacramental del consumo de la marihuana y el valor simbólico de los dreadlocks. (shrink)

Research on individual differences in facing the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be crucial in order to design diverse and highly effective intervention strategies. This study uses a sample of 302 North American participants who were recruited through the crowdsourcing platform ProA; different profiles were established, profiling variables of interest in facing the COVID-19 outbreak. Socio-demographic and psychological (personality traits, gratitude, life purpose, and religiosity) variables were explored. These results are of interest if we want to deepen the study of individual (...) differences at both a theoretical and applied level. (shrink)

Problems and choices -- Who shall live? -- The physician : the captain of the team -- The hospital : the house of hope -- Drugs : the key to modern medicine -- Paying for medical care.

Resumen: La presente contribución gira en torno al significado del atentado terrorista del 11 de septiembre de 2001 para la hermenéutica filosófica, en particular la de Gianni Vattimo. El turinés gestó en sus textos de entre 2006 y 2014 una versión nueva de la hermenéutica que se basa en la experiencia de este acontecimiento. Esta nueva hermenéutica estaría atenta al conflicto y a las transformaciones sociales y tendría por núcleo la noción de “evento”, Sin embargo, Vattimo mismo no ofrece una (...) definición operativa adecuada del término. Ante esto, propongo incorporar a la tradición hermenéutica conceptos como “evento” y “milagro”, acuñados por Joseph de Maistre. Se trata de una propuesta de “maistrianización” de la hermenéutica para hacer de ella un discurso viable y fructífero en un mundo violento e inestable. (shrink)

In recent years, several studies have advocated the need to expand the concept of patient autonomy beyond the capacity to deliberate and make decisions regarding a specific medical intervention or treatment (decision-making or decisional autonomy). Arguing along the same lines, this paper proposes a multidimensional concept of patient autonomy (decisional, executive, functional, informative and narrative) and argues that determining the specific aspect of autonomy affected is the first step towards protecting or promoting (and respecting) patient autonomy. These different manifestations of (...) autonomy are not mutually dependent; there may be patients who have problems in one dimension, while at the same time being fully autonomous in others. Nevertheless, a close interaction has been observed between the various dimensions and indeed, a phenomenological analysis shows that damage to or a reduction in one aspect of people’s capacity for self-government generally affects other aspects of their autonomy, which in turn disrupts their identity and the way in which they see themselves and are seen by others. In this paper, I shall examine some of these interactions and show how they may lie at the heart of the problem of poor treatment adherence (where adherence is defined as being the extent to which a patient’s behavior over time coincides with the recommendations made by and agreed with their health professional). One example given is that of psoriasis, a chronic skin disease with a very poor adherence record. In Spain, it is calculated that 85% of patients diagnosed with mild to moderate psoriasis fail to comply properly with their treatment, and figures from other parts of the world are similar. Although there are many possible causes for non-adherence among psoriasis patients, assessing their decisional, executive and narrative capacities and taking appropriate action based on the results may help increase adherence rates. (shrink)

Mi propósito en este trabajo es reconsiderar una de las lecturas más relevantes y provocativas que se han hecho sobre John Dewey en el mundo de habla hispana. En la primera parte reconstruyo las circunstancias que rodearon la difusión, interpretación y traducción de las obras de Dewey en el México de mediados de los años 1940, y en concreto las razones que llevaron a que la visión sociológica que José Medina Echavarría quiso dar de Dewey fuera finalmente desplazada por la (...) filosófica de José Gaos. En la segunda parte analizo la traducción y lectura que Gaos hizo de Experience and Nature de Dewey, teniendo muy presente sus comparaciones con Sein und Zeit de Heidegger . Finalmente, propongo algunas críticas a la visión que Gaos transmite de Dewey como un pensador carente de un tipo de "soberbia diabólica" propia de la verdadera gran filosofía. The purpose of this work is a reconsideration of one of the most relevant and provocative readings of John Dewey written in the Hispanic World. In the first part I reconstruct the circumstances which surrounded the publicity, interpretation and translation of John Dewey's works in the Mexico of the middle 1940's, particularly the reasons why the sociological reading of Dewey that José Medina Echavarría proposed was finally displaced by the metaphysic perspective of José Gaos. In the second part I reconsider Gaos' own translation and interpretation of Experience and Nature, taking in consideration his comparisons with Heidegger's Sein und Zeit . Finally I analyze critically Gaos' view of Dewey as a thinker whose philosophy lacked the "diabolical arrogance" that true great philosophy would seem to require. (shrink)

Summary This paper aims to bridge anthropological and cognitivist research undertaken by Gilbert Durand and Mark Johnson, who studied the phenomenon of meaning making in a similar way, although they had to use different terminology as their disciplines demanded. Durand established systematization for analyzing symbolism by taking into account the position of the body and the perceptions determining the underlying schemata of symbols. Two decades later, Mark Johnson described image schemata as gestalts having an internal structure derived from bodily perceptions. (...) Owing to these similarities, a comparison between Durand and Johnson’s theories is offered first. In the second place, I reviewed the cognitive value of the anthropological regimes of imaginaire described by Durand. During the analysis, the terminology used by these theorists (like ‘image schemata’ or ‘axiomatic schemata’) was comparatively analyzed to find common ground between their positions. In conclusion, the need for recovering theories of imagination proposed by heterodox scholars like Durand is highlighted, since they anticipate the role of images and imagination not only in language, as Johnson demonstrated, but also in the formation of anthropologically relevant symbols, which are of interest for the analysis of literature and other arts. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage de Victor Goldschmidt, pour la premiere fois en edition de poche, est le seul consacre a une notion centrale de la philosophie platonicienne, le paradigme, a la fois exemple, comparaison et modele.En prenant comme fil conducteur la definition donnee dans le Politique, l'auteur commence par etudier le role joue par ce procede privilegie dans la methode dialectique des derniers Dialogues. S'exercer sur une realite banale permet de decouvrir la structure d'un grand sujet, plus difficile a definir, comme le (...) sophiste ou l'art politique. Cependant la reussite d'une demarche en saurait en fonder la legitimite. En s'interrogeant sur son fondement, Victor Goldschmidt montre que l'usage d'un paradigme obeit a un mouvement profond de la pensee platonicienne, il nous mene du visible a l'invisible. (shrink)

En este artículo analizamos conceptos fundamentales que sirven para entender mejor Das Kontinuum. Asimismo, defendemos la interpretación de Feferman —sobre todo, en lo referente al tratamiento de los conjuntos aritméticos, y al alcance del sistema que Weyl introdujo en el libro— como la más apropiada para entender la idea original, frente a la interpretación que Arnon Avron propuso recientemente.

Ever since John Perry's developments in the late 70s, it is customary among philosophers to take de se contents as essentially tied to the explanation of action. The target explanation appeals to a subject-specific notion of de se content capable of capturing behavioural differences in central cases. But a subject-specific de se content leads us, I argue, to a subject-specific notion of intentional action that prevents basic forms of generalisation. Although this might be seen as a welcome revision of our (...) pre-theoretical conceptions, I propose, instead, a strategy to circumvent this rather unexpected result: to reject subject-specific de se contents in favour of subject-specific ways of thinking that do not enter into the content of one's attitudes. (shrink)

BackgroundMoral distress (MD) is the psychological damage caused when people are forced to witness or carry out actions which go against their fundamental moral values. The main objective was to evaluate the prevalence and predictive factors associated with MD among health professionals during the pandemic and to determine its causes.MethodsA regional, observational and cross-sectional study in a sample of 566 professionals from the Public Health Service of Andalusia (68.7% female; 66.9% physicians) who completed the MMD-HP-SPA scale to determine the level (...) of MD (0-432 points). Five dimensions were used: i) Health care; ii) Therapeutic obstinacy-futility, iii) Interpersonal relations of the Healthcare Team, iv) External pressure; v) Covering up of medical malpractice.ResultsThe mean level of MD was 127.3 (SD=66.7; 95% CI 121.8-132.8), being higher in female (135 vs. 110.3; p<0.01), in nursing professionals (137.8 vs. 122; p<0.01) and in the community setting (136.2 vs. 118.3; p<0.001), with these variables showing statistical significance in the multiple linear regression model (p<0.001; r2=0.052). With similar results, the multiple logistic regression model showed being female was a higher risk factor (OR=2.27; 95% CI 1.5-3.4; p<0.001). 70% of the sources of MD belonged to the dimension "Health Care" and the cause "Having to attend to more patients than I can safely attend to" obtained the highest average value (Mean=9.8; SD=4.9).ConclusionsFemale, nursing professionals, and those from the community setting presented a higher risk of MD. The healthcare model needs to implement an ethical approach to public health issues to alleviate MD among its professionals. (shrink)

This book demonstrates for the first time how the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein can transform 4E Cognitive Science. In particular, it shows how insights from Wittgenstein can empower those within 4E to reject the long held view that our minds must involve representations inside our heads. The book begins by showing how proponents of 4E are divided amongst themselves. Proponents of Extended Mind insist that internal representations are always needed to explain the human mind. However, proponents of Enacted Mind reject (...) this claim. Using insights from Ludwig Wittgenstein, the book introduces and defends a new theoretical framework called Structural Enacted or Extended Mins (STEEM). (shrink)

El libro estudia las ideas sociales y los referentes de la generación de políticos y pensadores peruanos que se denomina "Generación del 9i00", centrándose en "Carácter de la literatura en el Perú independiente" (1905) de José de la Riva-Agüero, connotado pensador político y polígrafo peruano, Se ve la influencia del pensamiento reaccionario, la Escuela teológica y el maurrasianismo en el quehacer intelectual peruano del periuodo que aparece en la cubierta.

A student of Étienne Gilson and Joseph Owens, John P. Doyle taught medieval and Scholastic philosophy at Saint Louis University for forty years. Of continuing interest to Doyle has been the thought of Francisco Suárez, S.J. On this topic Doyle has published over a dozen articles and four English translations of portions of Suárez's key works. This volume celebrates the life and career of one of those rare kinds of scholars who has mastered an entire field of inquiry and thought.

A pioneer in the field of behavioral science delivers a groundbreaking work that shows how finding your purpose in life leads to better health and overall happiness.Your life is a boat. You need a rudder. But it doesn't matter how much wind is in your sails if you're not steering toward a harbor--an ultimate purpose in your life.While the greatest philosophers have pondered purpose for centuries, today it has been shown to have a concrete impact on our health. Recent studies (...) into Alzheimer's, heart disease, stroke, depression, functional brain imaging, and measurement of DNA repair are shedding new light on how and why purpose benefits our lives.Going beyond the fads, opinions, and false hopes of "expert" self-help books, The Science of Purpose explores the incredible connection between purposeful living and the latest scientific evidence on quality of life and longevity. Drawing on ancient and modern philosophy, literature, psychology, evolutionary biology, genetics, and neuroscience, as well as his experience in public health research, Dr. Vic Strecher reveals the elements necessary for a purposeful life and how to acquire them, and outlines an elegant strategy for improving energy, willpower, and long-term happiness, and well-being. He integrates these core themes into his own personal story--a tragedy that led him to reconsider his own life--and how a deeper understanding of purposeful living helped him not only survive, but thrive.Illuminating, accessible, and authentically grounded in real people's experiences, The Science of Purpose is essential reading for everyone seeking lasting improvement in their lives. (shrink)

Excerpt from Les Sceptiques Grecs Enfin le doute lui-meme n'est pas le scepticisme. C'est du doute seulement qu'on pourrait dire qu'il est a peu pres contem porain de la pensee humaine; car, pour un esprit qui reflechit, la decouverte de la premiere erreur suffit a inspirer une certaine defiance de soi; et combien de temps a-t-il fallu a des esprits un peu attentifs pour s'apercevoir qu'ils s'etaient plus d'une fois trompee? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of (...) rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

“As one would expect from the team of Brann, Kalkavage and Salem, their edition of Plato's _Meno_ is a fine one. The translation meets their stated goal of remaining 'as faithful as possible to the Greek, while using lively, colloquial English.' Their notes are consistently helpful and will be particularly useful to those readers willing to explore the nuances of Plato's extraordinary prose. Their introduction is clear and compact, and it highlights the most philosophically important themes of the dialogue. One (...) particularly useful feature of this edition is the manner in which it displays the diagrams Socrates draws in order to illustrate his famous 'square within a square.' Instead of relegating them to the notes, it integrates them into the text of the dialogue itself. Readers are able to follow along, and 'watch' Socrates actually construct them." _—David Roochnik, Boston University_. (shrink)

Resumo A teoria crítica tardia de Theodor W. Adorno é considerada por muitos como quietista e resignada. O presente artigo busca questionar tal veredito por meio de uma análise tanto do diagnóstico de época, feito pelo autor, quanto da relação entre teoria e práxis delineada nas obras do período tardio do pensador frankfurtiano. Sugere-se que, em vez de resignada, a teoria crítica de Adorno está engajada seja nos processos de resistência à barbárie latente, seja nas melhorias pontuais que poderiam ser (...) conseguidas no interior da ordem vigente. Tal engajamento, no entanto, não significa um abrandamento da tese de que a possibilidade de emancipação estaria bloqueada.Theodor W. Adorno's late critical theory is often regarded as quietist and resignated. This article seeks to question this verdict through an analysis of both the diagnosis of time made by the author as of the relationship between theory and praxis outlined in Frankfurtian thinker's late works. It is suggested that instead of resigned, Adorno's critical theory is engaged either in processes of resistance to the latent barbarism, whether in specific improvements that could be achieved within the existing order. This engagement, however, does not mean a mitigation of the thesis that the possibility of emancipation would be blocked. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Notes.

El siguiente texto se circunscribe en el ámbito de la filosofía de la religión; tiene como objeto central analizar la alienación del hombre dentro del fenómeno religioso (particularmente en las religiones monoteístas) y cómo esta origina intolerancia social en las sociedad contemporáneas entre hombres que no comparten las mismas creencias; esta postura ha causado momentos de violencia extrema a lo largo de la historia humana y otra tanta en la actualidad como el conflicto en el Medio Oriente – Judíos y (...) Musulmanes. Para tal empresa tomaremos como referencia la crítica a la religión expuesta por el pensador alemán del siglo XIX Ludwig Feuerbach en su obra principal: La esencia del cristianismo (Das Wesen des Christentums), complementándolo con otros críticos religiosos (Voltaire, Kirsch, Freud, etc.). Por último, expondremos el ateísmo humanista de Feuerbach como alternativa para la superación de la intolerancia social. (shrink)

This text tries to give some initial scopes for a constructivist approach to political philosophy and social organization based on the fact of friendship; particularly in the greeting taken as an event of friendship. The mere greeting, the most basic approach to empathy, would be the happening of a world, of a whole world characterized by its demand to be, to be realized and preserved. This requirement would come from an unfathomable archaic background, which would be accessible in the idea (...) of ​​the number of friends. It is an aporia that shows both the open, but not infinite, character of a reference group based on the tenderness of something common. (shrink)

This essay reexamines the four-principle approach to biomedical ethics in the context of ethics education in general and in relation to possible ethics discourse within a community of inquiry in particular. A community of inquiry is the setting for learning and education in philosophy for children. This community enables children to acquire critical thinking and other skills as part of democratic education. The use of the four principles approach tends to contribute to a practice that limits critical thinking skills because (...) of the constraints on the conceptual tools that tend to be used. It has also had the effect of promoting conceptual ambiguity by encouraging the use of limited conceptual molds, thus giving rise to the possibility of multiple interpretations among diverse users, especially in the field of global bioethics. While recognizing the continuing appeal of the approach as a conceptual tool for ethical decision-making the essay brings out the limitations that need to be overcome in order to promote the clarity that the four principles approach is meant to possess. (shrink)