Trata-se de estudo bibliográfico pelo qual analisamos a pesquisa na educação física em torno da perspectiva de reaproximação da epistemologia com a teoria do conhecimento. Analisamos que as pesquisas devem pressupor a práxis e a dialética, sendo que à luz destas devem abordar os problemas do conhecimento, da história e da realidade, também pressupondo o materialismo histórico dialético enquanto epistemologia e o socialismo enquanto projeto histórico. A pesquisa em educação física deve reverter o seu circuito de conhecimento, superando os modelos (...) hegemônicos, assim como o avançar na passagem das questões instrumentais, técnicas e metodológicas para as teóricas e epistemológicas. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Filosofia ellenistica e cultura moderna: Epicureismo, stoicismo e scetticismo da Bayle a Hegel by Giovanni BonacinaJosé R. Maia NetoGiovanni Bonacina. Filosofia ellenistica e cultura moderna: Epicureismo, stoicismo e scetticismo da Bayle a Hegel. Firenze: Casa Editrice Le Lettere, 1996. Pp. 358. Paper, L 52,000.The Hellenistic schools played a major role in the rise of modern philosophy during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Stoicism was influential in the development (...) of a secular ethics emancipated from theology, Epicureanism in the mechanical and corpuscular views of the new science, and Skepticism in the predominant role that epistemology assumed in modern philosophy. Bonacina shows that this influence continued to be considerable during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He examines the treatment of these three Hellenistic philosophies by a large number of (mostly German) historians of philosophy and by the main philosophers of the period. Among the historians, Bonacina detects a progressive drive towards historical objectivity. However, the religious interest in the assessment of the ancient schools is still noticeable until the early eighteenth century when it begins to be increasingly replaced by contemporary philosophical sympathies and affiliations. This interest is even stronger among the main philosophers of the period, who use the Hellenistic philosophies as weapons in the intellectual battles in which they were engaged. A brief summary of the main aspects of this use, first of Stoicism and Epicureanism, and then of Skepticism, by some of the major philosophers examined by Bonacina will illustrate this central point of the book.Bayle continues Gassendi’s project of rehabilitating Epicurus. But his effort is not to make Epicureanism compatible with Christianity. He uses Epicurus’ philosophy to enhance his opposition to rational theology and Epicurus’ alleged virtuous life to corroborate his view that forced conversions cannot be justified by the need to make atheists or heretics good citizens. According to Bayle, Stoics—unlike Skeptics and Epicureans and like Catholic monks—are intolerant dogmatists, holding views incompatible with the true religion. A few years later, in the context of the French Enlightenment, the assessment of Stoicism and Epicureanism is still determined by antireligious controversy, but now revelation itself becomes the main target. Diderot, d’Holbach and La Mettrie all hold that a Stoic ethics which despises the passions is incompatible with human nature (just like Christian morals and contrary to Epicurean morals). Voltaire’s evaluation of Stoicism and Epicureanism strikes both his contemporary materialists and Christianity. Stoic deism is for Voltaire the alternative both to materialism and to revealed religion. Bonacina also shows that the Stoic/Epicurean opposition in ethics is an important weapon among the British moralists. While Shaftesbury finds in Stoicism [End Page 324] support for his view of innate moral feelings, Mandeville opposes him, attacking Stoicism and defending Epicureanism. Moving to the German context, Bonacina shows that Kant is often sympathetic towards Epicurus, in particular when the ancient philosopher is contrasted with modern ones. Epicurus’s materialism may have had only a phenomenal status and is more internally consistent than a modern materialism such as Locke’s, who accepts the existence of a nonmaterial God and soul. As to Stoic ethics, Kant claims that it is partially true—to the extent that virtue is not conditioned—and partially false, for the Stoics think of the summum bonum as empirically available whereas it is an ideal of practical reason. Hegel also uses Stoicism and Epicureanism for the vindication of his own philosophy and criticism of established ones. For instance, Stoic ethics is a step in the development of the Mind, but just like Kantian ethics it is empty, deprived of ethicity and therefore in need of being dialectically overcome.Skepticism plays perhaps an even larger role in the philosophical debates of the period. Bayle takes the Skeptic standpoint (in opposition to the dogmatist in general and to the Stoic in particular) as the model for the historian of ideas who must objectively report the views and critically examine them without religious and philosophical preconceptions. Even more than Epicurus, Pyrrho is presented as a foe of rational theology and as indirectly showing the need of appealing to pure faith. Bonacina then examines the role played by Skepticism in the... (shrink)

Plato -- Pyrrho -- The academics -- Sextus empiricus -- Augustine -- Erasmus -- Gianfrancesco Pico -- Hervet -- Montaigne -- Charron -- Sanchez -- Bacon -- Gassendi -- La Mothe le Vayer -- Descartes -- Pascal -- Glanvill -- Foucher -- Huet -- Locke -- Bayle -- Leibniz -- Crousaz -- Berkeley -- Ramsay -- Hume -- Voltaire -- Diderot -- Rousseau -- Kant -- Schulze -- Stäudlin -- Hegel -- Kierkegaard -- Nietzsche -- James -- Santayana -- (...) Shestov -- Wittgenstein -- Russell -- Popper -- Feyerabend -- Derrida -- Popkin -- Fogelin. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Filosofia ellenistica e cultura moderna: Epicureismo, stoicismo e scetticismo da Bayle a Hegel by Giovanni BonacinaJosé R. Maia NetoGiovanni Bonacina. Filosofia ellenistica e cultura moderna: Epicureismo, stoicismo e scetticismo da Bayle a Hegel. Firenze: Casa Editrice Le Lettere, 1996. Pp. 358. Paper, L 52,000.The Hellenistic schools played a major role in the rise of modern philosophy during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Stoicism was influential in the development (...) of a secular ethics emancipated from theology, Epicureanism in the mechanical and corpuscular views of the new science, and Skepticism in the predominant role that epistemology assumed in modern philosophy. Bonacina shows that this influence continued to be considerable during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He examines the treatment of these three Hellenistic philosophies by a large number of (mostly German) historians of philosophy and by the main philosophers of the period. Among the historians, Bonacina detects a progressive drive towards historical objectivity. However, the religious interest in the assessment of the ancient schools is still noticeable until the early eighteenth century when it begins to be increasingly replaced by contemporary philosophical sympathies and affiliations. This interest is even stronger among the main philosophers of the period, who use the Hellenistic philosophies as weapons in the intellectual battles in which they were engaged. A brief summary of the main aspects of this use, first of Stoicism and Epicureanism, and then of Skepticism, by some of the major philosophers examined by Bonacina will illustrate this central point of the book.Bayle continues Gassendi’s project of rehabilitating Epicurus. But his effort is not to make Epicureanism compatible with Christianity. He uses Epicurus’ philosophy to enhance his opposition to rational theology and Epicurus’ alleged virtuous life to corroborate his view that forced conversions cannot be justified by the need to make atheists or heretics good citizens. According to Bayle, Stoics—unlike Skeptics and Epicureans and like Catholic monks—are intolerant dogmatists, holding views incompatible with the true religion. A few years later, in the context of the French Enlightenment, the assessment of Stoicism and Epicureanism is still determined by antireligious controversy, but now revelation itself becomes the main target. Diderot, d’Holbach and La Mettrie all hold that a Stoic ethics which despises the passions is incompatible with human nature (just like Christian morals and contrary to Epicurean morals). Voltaire’s evaluation of Stoicism and Epicureanism strikes both his contemporary materialists and Christianity. Stoic deism is for Voltaire the alternative both to materialism and to revealed religion. Bonacina also shows that the Stoic/Epicurean opposition in ethics is an important weapon among the British moralists. While Shaftesbury finds in Stoicism [End Page 324] support for his view of innate moral feelings, Mandeville opposes him, attacking Stoicism and defending Epicureanism. Moving to the German context, Bonacina shows that Kant is often sympathetic towards Epicurus, in particular when the ancient philosopher is contrasted with modern ones. Epicurus’s materialism may have had only a phenomenal status and is more internally consistent than a modern materialism such as Locke’s, who accepts the existence of a nonmaterial God and soul. As to Stoic ethics, Kant claims that it is partially true—to the extent that virtue is not conditioned—and partially false, for the Stoics think of the summum bonum as empirically available whereas it is an ideal of practical reason. Hegel also uses Stoicism and Epicureanism for the vindication of his own philosophy and criticism of established ones. For instance, Stoic ethics is a step in the development of the Mind, but just like Kantian ethics it is empty, deprived of ethicity and therefore in need of being dialectically overcome.Skepticism plays perhaps an even larger role in the philosophical debates of the period. Bayle takes the Skeptic standpoint (in opposition to the dogmatist in general and to the Stoic in particular) as the model for the historian of ideas who must objectively report the views and critically examine them without religious and philosophical preconceptions. Even more than Epicurus, Pyrrho is presented as a foe of rational theology and as indirectly showing the need of appealing to pure faith. Bonacina then examines the role played by Skepticism in the... (shrink)

Although the skeptical crisis at the dawn of modern philosophy can be properly labelled Pyrrhonian specific features of the academic school of skepticism played an important role in this crisis. Academic skepticism becomes even more influential in post-Cartesian skepticism from Foucher to Hume.

하루 10분, 나를 변화시키는 짧고 깊은 생각 고전문헌학자 배철현의 인문 에세이 ◎ 도서 소개 베스트셀러 『심연』 『수련』 『정적』 『승화』 4부작 완결판! 승화, 더 높은 차원의 삶을 산다는 것 자신의 마음을 변화시킬 수 없는 사람은 그 무엇도 바꿀 수 없다. 내가 바라는 나 자신이 되기 위해 오늘 어떤 생각을 하고 어떤 행동을 할 것인가! 고전문헌학자 배철현의 인문 에세이 시리즈 중 마지막 책인 『승화』는, 흔들리는 삶 속에서 나를 지켜내기 위한 성찰의 방법을 이야기한다. 저자는 ‘흠모하는 나 자신으로 살고 있는가’라는 질문을 마음에 새긴 하루는 (...) 어제와 다를 것이라고 말한다. ‘승화’란 더 나은 자신을 위해 혁신하려는 용기를 갖는 삶의 태도다. 단어의 어원과 개념 속에서 숨은 의미를 발굴해 풀어내는 저자의 문장들은, 삶의 의미를 찾고 싶은 사람들에게 소중한 매뉴얼이 되어줄 것이다. ◎ 출판사 서평 산다는 것은 매일 천천히 태어나는 과정이다 이대로 살 것인가, 내가 바라는 삶을 살 것인가 『승화』는 『심연』(2016), 『수련』(2018), 『정적』(2019)을 거쳐 완성한 인문 에세이 4부작의 마지막 책이다. 자신의 ‘심연’에서 내면의 소리를 듣고, 삶의 군더더기와 같은 불필요한 생각을 버리는 ‘수련’을 한 후, 평정심을 위한 마음의 ‘정적’을 지니고 나면 비로소 만나는 단계가 ‘승화’다. ‘승화’는 지금의 삶보다 더 높은 차원의 삶을 추구하려는 마음을 뜻한다. ‘승화’는 아무런 유혹도 시련도 없는 완성된 상태가 아니다. 이전에는 보이지 않던 더 높은 정상을 발견한 후 생기는 겸허한 마음이다. 마치 동네 야산의 정상에 오른 사람이 그 산보다 높은 산의 존재가 있다는 것을 깨닫고 겸손한 마음을 지니게 되는 것과 같다. 이때 필요한 질문이 “내가 바라는 나는 무엇인가”, “나는 나 자신을 흠모하며 살고 있는가”이다. 저자는 다른 사람과의 관계가 아니라 ‘자기-자신’과의 관계를 새롭게 정의하려는 노력이 필요하다고 말한다. 변화는 삶의 가치와 방향을 외부가 아닌 자기 내부에 두는 것에서 시작한다. 어제와 달라질 오늘의 자기 자신에 대한 신뢰, 지속적으로 자신을 혁신하려는 용기 있는 도전이 일상의 변화를 만든다. 자기 성찰을 돕는 28개의 단어 사유의 정수가 응축된 인생의 아포리즘 이 책은 공허, 고통, 양심, 내면, 변모, 미지 등 28개의 글로 이루어져 있다. 각각의 단어는 자기 자신을 변화시키는 길잡이이기도 하다. 고전문헌학자인 저자는 산스크리트어, 히브리어, 라틴어 등 고대 언어에서 어원을 찾아 숨은 뜻을 발굴해내고 새롭게 재구성했다. 또한 『요가수트라』, 『우파니샤드』와 같은 잘 알려지지 않은 경전에서부터 단테, 소포클레스, 아우렐리우스 등의 고전에 대한 깊이 있는 해석은 시대와 학문의 경계를 넘어 사유의 정수를 느끼게 한다. 나아가 저자가 시골 생활을 하며 느낀 자연에 대한 묵상이 어우러져 삶의 본질에 대한 묵직한 울림을 준다. [주요 문장] - 오늘 나는 누구와 또 무엇과 부딪칠까? 내 머릿속 어떤 생각들과 만나 어떻게 반응할까? 나는 오늘 내가 그것들을 어떻게 처리하는지를 관찰하고 싶다. - 하루의 마무리는 저녁이 아니라 아침에 완성된다. 아침을 어떻게 보내느냐에 따라 하루의 질이 결정된다. - 자신의 일에 몰입하면 우주의 주인인 시간조차 달아나버린다. 자기 자신에게 몰입하는 사람은 시간에게 자신을 양보하지 않는다. - 하루라는 시간은 흠모하는 나를 만들기 위한 훈련이다. 훈련은 과거의 나로 주저앉히는 게으름과 욕심에 대한 체계적인 공격이다. 변화란 내가 나에게 하는 간절한 부탁이다 나는 오늘, 나에게 무엇을 당부할 것인가 일상에서 부딪히는 벽은 방해물이 아니라 내가 극복해야 할 유일한 길이다. 하지만 극복의 결과는 미미할 수 있음을 기억해야 한다. 불안한 일상은 변함없을 것이기 때문이다. 그럼에도 무의미와 모순으로 가득해 보이는 삶을 있는 그대로 수용하고, 오늘 하루를 인생의 마지막 날처럼 정성스럽게 살려는 노력만이 우리가 할 수 있는 최선일 것이라고 저자는 말한다. 이른 아침 혹은 잠들기 전, 하루 10분씩이라도 책에서 소개하는 단어들을 삶의 일부로 받아들인다면 조용한 변화가 일어나는 것을 경험할 수 있을 것이다. 내가 발견해야 할 별은 도달할 수 없는 먼 하늘에 있지 않다. 그 별은 눈을 감고 자신의 마음을 들여다볼 때 비로소 보이는 원석이기 때문이다. 그 원석은 지금도 발견되기만을 기다리고 있다. ◎ 본문 중에서 현대 문명은 키르케고르가 말한 “죽음에 이르는 병”처럼 영적인 병에 걸려 외로움이라는 늪에 빠져 있다. 우리는 그 안에 갇혀 심연에 묻어둔 금기된 악을 분출하고 있는 것인가? (…) 오늘날 우리를 이 늪에서 건져낼 가치는 무엇인가? [공허, 자신을 관찰하는 터전 : 32쪽] 어리석은 자는 그런 역경을 상상한 적이 없다. 그는 모든 것들이 자기 생각대로 ‘순조롭게’ 흘러갈 거라고 착각한다. 우주와 자연은 인간의 상상대로 돌아가는 법이 없다. 인간의 생각은 언제나 부족하고 편협하기 때문이다. [고통, 생명의 존재 방식 : 40쪽] 오늘 하루, 내가 가야 할 방향을 지시하는 ‘또 다른 나’와 마주한다. 부산한 일과 생각을 정지시키고 나만의 제단에서 가만히 눈을 감는다. 묵상이란 좌정과 몰입을 방해하기 위해 계속 짖어대는 사납고 무시무시한 한 마리 검은 개 앞에서도 꿈쩍하지 않는 개다. [도야, 나만의 임무 : 116쪽] 요즘처럼 속절없이 흐르는 시간이 야속하기도 하고 아쉽기도 한 적이 없다. 나 자신에게 무언가를 요구하지만, 그것에 잘 부응하지 못하는 것 같아 늘 아쉽다. 그 아쉬움을 방치하면 소홀과 게으름이 나를 꼼짝달싹 못 하게 붙들고 깊은 실의의 늪으로 데려간다. [신중, 허상으로부터의 탈출 : 161쪽] 우리가 사는 세상은 베이스캠프다. 우리는 이곳에서 영원히 살 수 없다. 인간은 탐구하고 모험하고 자신이 가진 잠재력의 한계를 팽창시키려 시도할 때, 비로소 대중에서 개인으로, 범인에서 초인으로, 동물적 인간에서 신적 인간으로 승화한다. [안내, 인생이라는 베이스캠프 : 211쪽] 침묵한 채 자족하는 나무들을 내려다보았다. 모두 자기 모습 그대로의 품위를 지키며 순간을 즐기고 있다. 옆에 있는 나무를 쳐다보지도 부러워하지도 시기하지도 않는다. 나무들이 나에게 묻는다. “당신은 당신입니까?” [자기문화, 개화를 기다리는 인내 : 221쪽] 변화는 누구에게 요구하는 폭력이 아니라 자신에게 부탁하는 정중한 초대이며, 그 변화를 이루기 위해 의도하는 섬세한 연습이다. 당신은 지금 누군가를 변화시키려 하고 있지는 않은가? 아니면 자신을 변화의 대상으로 삼아 변화하는 중인가? [변화, 나에게 보내는 정중한 초대 : 281쪽]. (shrink)

Partimos da afirmação de K.-O. Apel, repetida por João Maria André, de que "[...] é na ‘mística' do ‘logos' e na teologia negativa do Pseudo-Dionísio que, de modo determinante, Nicolau de Cusa irá beber os traços fundamentais da sua filosofia da linguagem". Com base no De filiatione Dei propomo-nos refletir sobre a relação fundamental e constitutiva entre o verbo mental humano e o Verbo ou Logos eterno. A importância desse texto, no âmbito do problema da linguagem em Nicolau de Cusa, (...) é reconhecida por Casarella justamente por sua inflexão cristológica em relação aos primeiros sermões, pois, em oposição à reflexão intratrinitária dos sermões, a imagem humanamente visível de Cristo torna-se o espelho da linguagem, ou seja, em Cristo, vemos de modo perfeito o que pode ser expresso por meio da linguagem. O texto cusano é uma meditação sobre Jo, I, 12: "Mas a todos que o receberam deu o poder de se tornarem filhos de Deus: aos que creem em seu nome". Interessa-nos principalmente a meditação sobre os exemplos aduzidos por Nicolau de Cusa para explicitar de que modo colhemos a unidade divina intelectualmente, pois serão nesses exemplos ou enigmas que o autor pensará a relação constitutiva entre o verbo mental humano e o verbo mental inefável. We begin with the statement of K.-O. Apel, repeated by João Maria André, that "[…] it is in the ‘mystic' of the ‘logos' and in the negative theology of pseudo-Dionysus that, in a determinate manner, Cusa would receive the fundamental features of his philosophy of language". Based on De filiatione Dei, we reflect on the fundamental and constitutive relationship between the mental human word and the eternal Word or Logos. The importance of this text in the context of the problem of language in Cusa is recognized by Casarella, specifically for its Christological inflection in relation to Cusa's first sermons. In opposition to the intra-Trinitarian reflection of the sermons, in De filiatione Dei the humanly visible image of Christ becomes the mirror of language; that is, it is in Christ that we see the perfect mode that can be expressed by means of language. Cusa's text is a meditation on John 1:12: "But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name". Of principal interest to us are the examples adduced by Cusa that make explicit the way in which we intellectually receive the divine unity, as it is in these examples or enigmas that the author reflects on the constitutive relation between the mental human word and the ineffable mental word. (shrink)

Functional language is ubiquitous in ecology, mainly in the researches about biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, it has not been adequately investigated by ecologists or philosophers of ecology. In the contemporary philosophy of ecology we can recognize a kind of implicit consensus about this issue: while the etiological approaches cannot offer a good concept of function in ecology, Cummins’ systemic approach can. Here we propose to go beyond this implicit consensus, because we think these approaches are not adequate for ecology. (...) We argue that a sound epistemological framework to function in ecology is to be found in organizational approaches. In this line, we define function in ecology as a precise effect of a given constraint on the ecosystem flow of matter and energy performed by a given item of biodiversity, within a closure of constraints. We elaborate on this definition by developing a case study of a bromeliad ecosystem. (shrink)

日本思想史上での宣長再評価に向けて。『古事記伝』は『古事記』の解釈を通して、宣長による新たな神話を成立させたテキストであった。つくり出された“古事記”はいかなる物語となったのか。『古事記伝』の読みが『 古事記』と最も乖離している箇所「外国“とつくに”」に着目し。ひるがえって、自国日本に対して用いた語「皇国“みくに”」の意味を追究する。神について語る『古事記』を、人に適用して読もうとした『古事記伝』の 本質が明らかになる。.

This book is the first systematic account of Pierre Charron's influence among the major French philosophers in the period (1601-1662). It shows that Charron's Wisdom was one of the main sources of inspiration of Pierre Gassendi's first published book, the Exercitationes adversus aristoteleos. It sheds new light on La Mothe Le Vayer, who is usually viewed as a major free thinker. By showing that he was a follower of Charron, La Mothe emerges neither as a skeptical apologist nor as a (...) disguised libertine, as combatting superstition but not as irreligious. The book shows the close presence of Charron in the preambles of Descartes' philosophy and that the cogito is mainly based on the moral Academic self-assurance of Charron's wise man. This interpretation reverses the standard view of Descartes' relation to skepticism. Once this skepticism is recognized to be Charron's Academic one, it is seen not as the target but as the source of the cogito. Pascal is the last major philosopher for whom Charron's wisdom is crucially relevant. Montaigne and Descartes influenced, respectively, Pascal's view of the Pyrrhonian skeptic and of the skeptical main arguments. The book shows that Charron's Academic skeptical wise man is one of the main targets of his projected apology for Christianity, since he considered him as a threat and counter-example of the kind of Christian view of human beings he believed. By restoring the historical philosophical relevance of Charron in early modern philosophy and arguing for the relevance of Academic skepticism in the period, this book opens a new research program to early modern scholars and will be valuable for those interested in the history of philosophy, French literature and religion. (shrink)

After the works of Jaako Hintikka, David Stern and, more recently, Denis Perrin, the idea that there is a wittgensteinian reflection upon the time and that it is at the origin of the abandonment of the project of a phenomenological language is nothing surprising, but we cannot consider it established yet. It seems to me that an important element in this debate is in chapter VII of the Philosophical Remarks : indeed, we find there the very first sustained discussion on (...) the possibility of a phenomenological language —a discussion obviously centred on the question of time. Without aiming to propose an “alternative” reading of Wittgenstein’ reflections on time and the phenomenological language, I would like to bring to light the importance of this chapter for this problem and also try to show that the interpretation key must be looked for in a reductio ad absurdum whose base is the impossibility to measure time. (shrink)

Objective: Illness perceptions are important predictors of emotional and behavioral responses in many diseases. The current study aims to investigate the COVID-19-related IP throughout Europe. The specific goals are to understand the temporal development, identify predictors and examine the impacts of IP on perceived stress and preventive behaviors.Methods: This was a time-series-cross-section study of 7,032 participants from 16 European countries using multilevel modeling from April to June 2020. IP were measured with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Temporal patterns were observed (...) considering the date of participation and the date recoded to account the epidemiological evolution of each country. The outcomes considered were perceived stress and COVID-19 preventive behaviors.Results: There were significant trends, over time, for several IP, suggesting a small decrease in negativity in the perception of COVID-19 in the community. Age, gender, and education level related to some, but not all, IP. Considering the self-regulation model, perceptions consistently predicted general stress and were less consistently related to preventive behaviors. Country showed no effect in the predictive model, suggesting that national differences may have little relevance for IP, in this context.Conclusion: The present study provides a comprehensive picture of COVID-19 IP in Europe in an early stage of the pandemic. The results shed light on the process of IP formation with implications for health-related outcomes and their evolution. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é contextualizar, sinteticamente, o liberalismo da Teoria da justiça de John Rawls dentro da tradição, a partir de alguns de seus elementos essenciais, tais como as idéias de contrato, de liberdade, de igualdade e de racionalidade, e identificá-lo a uma forma própria e metódica de se pensar a política como sabedoria. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Liberalismo. Teoria da justiça. John Rawls. ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to summarily contextualize the liberalism of Rawls’s A Theory of Justice, (...) within the political tradition and its essential elements, such as the ideas of contract, liberty, equality, and rationality, so as to identify its proper form and method to think politics as wisdom. KEY WORDS – Liberalism. Theory of justice. John Rawls. (shrink)

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a influência do pensamento de Jean Piaget na proposta das Concepções Abertas no ensino da Educação Física. A epistemologia do autor constituiu uma das referências para a proposta em questão, o que torna necessário o estudo dos pressupostos gnosiológicos e ontológicos da teoria piagetiana para a melhor compreensão das implicações político-pedagógicas do ensino aberto. É possível identificar problemas e limitações das Concepções Abertas, que, por herdar as visões de homem e sociedade defendidas (...) por Piaget, encontra-se presa aos parâmetros do ensino centrado no aluno. (shrink)

Tradicionalmente, ‘fatalismo’ é compreendido como uma doutrina que ensina a rigidez de um fado que anula o poder das ações humanas. Essa acepção de fatalismo não é, contudo, corroborada por Nietzsche. O autor, entretanto, não abandona o termo e passa a compreendê-lo num sentido subvertido. Levando isso em conta, os objetivos de nosso trabalho consistem em: 1) examinar de que forma Nietzsche compreende o termo ‘fatalismo’ em alguns momentos de sua obra; 2) tentar mostrar que as acepções de fatalismo nesses (...) momentos possuem correspondência conceitual; 3) tentar entender a noção de fatalismo à luz da cosmologia nietzschiana. Palavras-chaveFatalismo; Tempo; Eterno retorno do mesmo; Cosmologia; Transvaloração. (shrink)

Embasados nas concepções de forma arquitetônica de Bakhtin, procuramos demonstrar como as dimensões dos enunciados praticados nos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (AVA) estão diretamente ligadas ao design (concepção, idealização e forma), ou seja, à forma arquitetônica de realização, defendido como o design de um AVA, que pode propiciar (novos) multiletramentos, flexibilizar ou não, em sua forma de realização, gêneros multissemióticos advindos do mundo contemporâneo. Para tanto, observamos o design de duas ferramentas em dois AVA distintos e concluímos que, no primeiro, (...) o ambiente digital está baseado nas relações de tempo e espaço (e poder) da escola tradicional, gerando uma forma arquitetônica de realização de uma escola marcada pelos gêneros e letramentos escolares convencionais. No segundo, ao observarmos o todo arquitetônico, concluímos que o seu design propicia o uso de diferentes modos de linguagem - textual, gráfica, sonora, com imagens estáticas e dinâmicas, com fácil comunicação/interação com os meios tecnológicos da contemporaneidade. (shrink)

O presente artigo trata da relação entre teoria e prática no pensamento de Theodor W. Adorno com o objetivo de analisar as possibilidades de emancipação do sujeito no âmbito da sociedade capitalista contemporânea, questionando sobre um suposto pessimismo do autor. Para tanto, serão contextualizadas as relações entre sujeito e objeto, natureza e razão, teoria e prática e formação e semiformação, com a finalidade de pensar a importância fundamental da teoria para a transformação do mundo a partir de uma análise crítica (...) da sociedade, bem como a pertinência dessa análise ao atual momento brasileiro. A transformação do mundo será pensada a partir das possibilidades de emancipação do sujeito e o papel da formação humana nesse processo no interior de um modelo educacional cada vez mais determinados pelos interesses do capital que direcionam a educação a aspectos meramente práticos de adaptação ao mercado de trabalho. A conclusão aponta no sentido da necessidade imperativa da manutenção da formação teórica e crítica diante dos constrangimentos de ordem prática de um mundo administrado pelos valores capitalistas. Palavras-chave: Theodor W. Adorno. Relação teoria e prática. Semiformação. Pessimismo teórico. Critical Theory and Educational Practice: On the relationship between theoretical pessimism and the transformation of the world to T.W. Adorno Abstract: This article deals with the relationship between theory and practice in the thought of Theodor W. Adorno with the aim of analyzing the possibilities of the subject's emancipation in the context of contemporary capitalist society, questioning the author's supposed pessimism. Therefore, the relationships between subject and object, nature and reason, theory and practice, and Bildung and Halbbildung will be contextualized, with the purpose of thinking about the fundamental importance of theory for the transformation of the world from a thought marked by a critical analysis of the society, as well as the relevance of this analysis to the current Brazilian moment. The transformation of the world will be thought from the possibilities of emancipation of the subject and the role of human formation in this process within an educational model increasingly determined by the interests of capital that led education to merely practical aspects of adaptation to the labor market. The conclusion points towards the imperative need to maintain theoretical and critical education in the face of practical constraints in a world managed by capitalist values. Key-words: Theodor W. Adorno. Theory and practice relationship. Semi-formation. Theoretical pessimism. Teoría, Crítica y Práctica Educativa: Sobre La Relación Entre Pesimismo Teórico Y Transformación Del Mundo En T.W. Adorno Resumen: Este artículo aborda la relación entre teoría y práctica en el pensamiento de Theodor W. Adorno con el objetivo de analizar las posibilidades de emancipación del sujeto en el contexto de la sociedad capitalista contemporánea, cuestionando el supuesto pesimismo del autor. Para eso, se contextualizarán las relaciones entre sujeto y objeto, naturaleza y razón, teoría y práctica, y formación y semiformación, con el propósito de pensar la importancia fundamental de la teoría para la transformación del mundo a partir de una análisis crítica de la sociedad, así como la relevancia de este análisis para el momento brasileño actual. La transformación del mundo se pensará desde las posibilidades de emancipación del sujeto y el papel de la formación humana en este proceso dentro de un modelo educativo cada vez más determinado por los intereses del capital que dirigen la educación a aspectos meramente prácticos de adaptación al mercado laboral. La conclusión apunta hacia la imperiosa necesidad de mantener una formación teórica y crítica frente a las limitaciones prácticas en un mundo gestionado por valores capitalistas. Palabras-clave: Theodor W. Adorno. Relación teoría y práctica. Semiformación. Pesimismo teórico. Data de registro: 08/09/2021 Data de aceite: 19/01/2022. (shrink)