Results for 'Values'

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Bibliography: Rights and Values in Social and Political Philosophy
Bibliography: Literary Values in Aesthetics
Bibliography: Science and Values in General Philosophy of Science
Bibliography: Personal Identity and Values in Metaphysics
Bibliography: Values in Film in Aesthetics
Bibliography: Values and Norms in Normative Ethics
Bibliography: Values in Economics in Philosophy of Social Science
Bibliography: Semantic Values in Philosophy of Language
Bibliography: Personal Identity and Values, Misc in Metaphysics
Bibliography: Truth-Values in Philosophy of Language
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  1. Andrews John.Values Environmental - 2003 - Environmental Values 12 (4):539-542.
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  2. Ackrill Rob.Values Environmental - 2003 - Environmental Values 12 (4):537-539.
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  3. Sandler Ronald.Values Environmental - 2003 - Environmental Values 12 (4):543-546.
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  4.  19
    Valdar parve.Value-Neutral Paternalism - 2001 - In Rein Vihalemm, Estonian studies in the history and philosophy of science. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 219--271.
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  5. Fostering values in organizations.Antonio Argandoña - 2003 - Journal of Business Ethics 45 (1-2):15 - 28.
    Today, values hold a prominent place both in business ethics and in organization theory. However, there persists considerable confusion about what these values are and what role they play in these theories and, therefore, how they can be developed both within the individual and within the organization. Therefore, this paper seeks to define a conception of values based on a theory of human action that can provide a basis for an organization theory, and to propose a series (...)
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  6. Aesthetic values in science.Milena Ivanova - 2017 - Philosophy Compass 12 (10):e12433.
    Scientists often use aesthetic values in the evaluation and choice of theories. Aesthetic values are not only regarded as leading to practically more useful theories but are often taken to stand in a special epistemic relation to the truth of a theory such that the aesthetic merit of a theory is evidence of its truth. This paper explores what aesthetic considerations influence scientists' reasoning, how such aesthetic values relate to the utility of a scientific theory, and how (...)
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  7. Personal values and business decisions.J. Burnett & A. Karson - 1987 - Journal of Business Ethics 6:371-382.
     
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  8. Democratic Values: A Better Foundation for Public Trust in Science.S. Andrew Schroeder - 2021 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 72 (2):545-562.
    There is a growing consensus among philosophers of science that core parts of the scientific process involve non-epistemic values. This undermines the traditional foundation for public trust in science. In this article I consider two proposals for justifying public trust in value-laden science. According to the first, scientists can promote trust by being transparent about their value choices. On the second, trust requires that the values of a scientist align with the values of an individual member of (...)
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  9. Illegitimate Values, Confirmation Bias, and Mandevillian Cognition in Science.Uwe Peters - 2021 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 72 (4):1061-1081.
    In the philosophy of science, it is a common proposal that values are illegitimate in science and should be counteracted whenever they drive inquiry to the confirmation of predetermined conclusions. Drawing on recent cognitive scientific research on human reasoning and confirmation bias, I argue that this view should be rejected. Advocates of it have overlooked that values that drive inquiry to the confirmation of predetermined conclusions can contribute to the reliability of scientific inquiry at the group level even (...)
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  10. The Values of the Virtual.Rami Ali - 2023 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 40 (2):231-245.
    How do we assign values to virtual items, which include virtual objects, properties, events, subjects, worlds, environments, and experiences? In this article, I offer a framework for answering this question. After considering different value theses in the literature, I argue that whether we think these theses mutually exclusive or not turns on our view about the number of value-salient kinds virtual items belong to. Virtual monism is the view that virtual Xs belong to only one value-salient kind in relation (...)
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  11. (1 other version)Deciding Values.Joan McIver Gibson - 2020 - In Frankie Perry, The tracks we leave: ethics and management dilemmas in healthcare. Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press.
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  12. Values in Cognition and Evaluation.Helena Gourko - 1993 - Analecta Husserliana 39:181.
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  13. Goal, values, and agent dynamics.G. Kiss - 1996 - In N. Jennings & G. O'Hare, Foundations of Distributed Artificial Intelligence. Wiley. pp. 247--268.
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  14. Choosing Values? Williams Contra Nietzsche.Matthieu Queloz - 2021 - Philosophical Quarterly 71 (2):286-307.
    Amplifying Bernard Williams’ critique of the Nietzschean project of a revaluation of values, this paper mounts a critique of the idea that whether values will help us to live can serve as a criterion for choosing which values to live by. I explore why it might not serve as a criterion and highlight a number of further difficulties faced by the Nietzschean project. I then come to Nietzsche's defence, arguing that if we distinguish valuations from values, (...)
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  15. Values in Science.Kevin C. Elliott - 2022 - Cambridge University Press.
    This Element introduces the philosophical literature on values in science by examining four questions: How do values influence science? Should we actively incorporate values in science? How can we manage values in science responsibly? What are some next steps for those who want to help promote responsible roles for values in science? It explores arguments for and against the “value-free ideal” for science and concludes that it should be rejected. Nonetheless, this does not mean that (...)
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  16. Values and evidence: how models make a difference.Wendy S. Parker & Eric Winsberg - 2018 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 8 (1):125-142.
    We call attention to an underappreciated way in which non-epistemic values influence evidence evaluation in science. Our argument draws upon some well-known features of scientific modeling. We show that, when scientific models stand in for background knowledge in Bayesian and other probabilistic methods for evidence evaluation, conclusions can be influenced by the non-epistemic values that shaped the setting of priorities in model development. Moreover, it is often infeasible to correct for this influence. We further suggest that, while this (...)
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  17.  23
    Viable Values: A Study of Life as the Root and Reward of Morality.Tara Smith - 2000 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    Viable Values examines the most basic foundations of value and morality, demonstrating the shortcomings of major traditional views and proposing that morality is grounded in the objective requirements of human life. Smith argues that morality depends on a proper understanding of the concept of values, and that values depend on the alternative of life or death. She proposes that human beings need to be moral in order to live, explaining how life is the standard of morality, how (...)
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  18. Ethical values of individuals at different levels in the organizational hierarchy of a single firm.James R. Harris - 1990 - Journal of Business Ethics 9 (9):741 - 750.
    This study examines the ethical values of respondents by level in the organizational hierarchy of a single firm. It also explores the possible impacts of gender, education and years of experience on respondents' values as well as their perceptions of how the organization and professional associations influence their personal values. Results showed that, although there were differences in individuals' ethical values by hierarchical level, significantly more differences were observed by the length of tenure with the organization. (...)
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  19.  23
    Values and Objectivity in Science: The Current Controversy About Transgenic Crops.Hugh Lacey - 2005 - Lexington Books.
    This book offers an account of how values play an important role within scientific practices, and how this account illuminates many ethical issues that arise concerning scientific practices and applications.
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  20. Why Values are not like Secondary Qualities.Eva-Maria Düringer - 2008 - In Martina Fürst, Wolfgang Leopold Gombocz & Christian Hiebaum, Gehirne und Personen. ontos. pp. 203-215.
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  21. Values and psychiatry.K. W. M. Fulford - 1981 - In Sidney Bloch & Stephen A. Green, Psychiatric ethics. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
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  22.  39
    Values, Spirituality and Religion: Family Business and the Roots of Sustainable Ethical Behavior.Joseph H. Astrachan, Claudia Binz Astrachan, Giovanna Campopiano & Massimo Baù - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 163 (4):637-645.
    The inclusion of morally binding values such as religious—or in a broader sense, spiritual—values fundamentally alter organizational decision-making and ethical behavior. Family firms, being a particularly value-driven type of organization, provide ample room for religious beliefs to affect family, business, and individual decisions. The influence that the owning family is able to exert on value formation and preservation in the family business makes religious family firms an incubator for value-driven and faith-led decision-making and behavior. They represent a particularly (...)
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  23.  22
    (1 other version)Human values in education.Rudolf Steiner - 1971 - London,: Rudolf Steiner Press.
    This book, while serving as a good introduction to Steiner's ideas on education, also represents the fruits of four years experience in the Waldorf school.
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  24. Values, nonviolence and ecology-2 approaches.Unto Tahtinen - 1991 - Journal of Dharma 16 (3):211-217.
     
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  25.  11
    (1 other version)Common Values.Sissela Bok - 1990 - University of Missouri.
    In Common Values, now with a new preface, Bok writes eloquently and clearly while combining moral theory with practical ethics, demonstrating how moral values apply to all facets of life—personal, professional, domestic, and international. Drawing on a great deal of historical material, Bok also includes in her examination consideration of the 1993 United Nations World Conference on Human Rights; the World Parliament of Religions; the publication of Veritatis Splendor, Pope John Paul II's proclamation on morality; and the International (...)
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  26.  47
    Current periodical articles 465.Why do We Value Knowledge & Ward E. Jones - 1997 - American Philosophical Quarterly 34 (4).
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  27. Values in European Thought: Antiquity and Middle Ages.Fritz-Joachim von Rintelen - 1977 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 8 (2):148-148.
     
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  28. Company Values and Codes: Current Best Practices in the United Kingdom.Simon Webley - forthcoming - London: Institute of Business Ethics.
     
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  29.  16
    Nietzsche & Values.Alexander Razin - 2000 - Philosophy Now 29:23-23.
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  30. National values: a time for re-assessment.Bernard Wolfman, Carl Madden, Edwin Espy & Andrew Young (eds.) - 1973 - Encyclopedia Americana/CBS News Audio Resource Library.
     
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  31.  22
    Trust out of distrust, Edna Ullmann-Margalit.Value-Plumlist Egalitarianism - 2002 - Journal of Philosophy 99 (1).
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  32. Values in Science: Assessing the Case for Mixed Claims.Uwe Peters - forthcoming - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.
    Social and medical scientists frequently produce empirical generalizations that involve concepts partly defined by value judgments. These generalizations, which have been called ‘mixed claims’, raise interesting questions. Does the presence of them in science imply that science is value-laden? Is the value-ladenness of mixed claims special compared to other kinds of value-ladenness of science? Do we lose epistemically if we reformulate these claims as conditional statements? And if we want to allow mixed claims in science, do we need a new (...)
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  33. Are Values in Nature Subjective or Objective? Rolston - 1982 - Environmental Ethics 4 (2):125-151.
    Prevailing accounts of natural values as the subjective response of the human mind are reviewed and contested. Discoveries in the physical sciences tempt us to strip the reality away from many native-range qualities, including values, but discoveries in the biological sciences counterbalance this by finding sophisticated structures and selective processes in earthen nature. On the one hand, all human knowing and valuing contain subjective components, being theory-Iaden. On the other hand, in ordinary natural affairs, in scientific knowing, and (...)
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  34. Values, health, and medicine.William K. Goosens - 1980 - Philosophy of Science 47 (1):100-115.
    This paper argues for the importance of approaching medicine, as a theoretical science, through values. The normative concepts of benefit and harm are held to provide a framework for the analysis of medicine which reflects the obligations of the doctor-patient relationship, suffices to define the key concept of medical relevance, yields a general necessary condition for the basic concepts of medicine, explains the role of such nonnormative conceptions as discomfort, dysfunction, and incapacity, and avoids the mistakes of other normative (...)
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  35.  65
    (1 other version)Values that create value: Socially responsible business practices in SMEs – empirical evidence from German companies.Eva-Maria Hammann, André Habisch & Harald Pechlaner - 2008 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 18 (1):37-51.
    Socially responsible business and ethical behaviour of companies have been of interest to academia and practice for decades. But the focus has almost exclusively been on large corporations while small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) have not received as much attention. Thus, this paper focuses on socially responsible business practices of SME entrepreneurs or owner–managers in Germany. Based on the assumption that decision-makers in SMEs are the central point where all business activities start, members of a German entrepreneurs association were approached (...)
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  36.  78
    Values, disagreement, and psychiatric classification.Yafeng Wang - 2025 - Análisis Filosófico 45 (May):173-202.
    It has been argued that non-epistemic values have legitimate roles to play in the classification of psychiatric disorders. Such a value-laden view on psychiatric classification raises questions about the extent to which expert disagreements over psychiatric classification are fueled by disagreements over value judgments and the extent to which these disagreements could be resolved. This paper addresses these questions by arguing for two theses. First, a major source of disagreements about psychiatric classification is factual and concerns what social consequences (...)
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  37.  37
    Values, Attitudes and the Behaviour Paradigm: A Systematic Literature Review.Zeynab Nazirova & Simonovits Borbala - 2024 - Journal of Human Values 30 (2):214-239.
    Values, which serve as fundamental motivators for attitudes and behaviours, have been extensively studied in social sciences. Scholars, beginning with Allport and Rokeach, have developed various theories and conducted empirical research to examine values as independent variables and their connections to other concepts. This article provides a comprehensive review of empirical studies utilizing Schwartz’s value model and corresponding measurement scales (Schwartz Value Scale, 1992 and Portrait Value Questionnaire, 2003) to analyse the relationships between basic human values, attitudes (...)
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  38. A values framework for measuring the impact of workplace spirituality on organizational performance.Carole L. Jurkiewicz & Robert A. Giacalone - 2004 - Journal of Business Ethics 49 (2):129-142.
    Growing interest in workplace spirituality has led to the development of a new paradigm in organizational science. Theoretical assumptions abound as to how workplace spirituality might enhance organizational performance, most postulating a significant positive impact. Here, that body of research has been reviewed and analyzed, and a resultant values framework for workplace spirituality is introduced, providing the groundwork for empirical testing. A discussion of the factors and assumptions involved for future research are outlined.
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  39.  94
    Values and Objectivity in Science: Value-Ladenness, Pluralism and the Epistemic Attitude.Martin Carrier - 2013 - Science & Education 22 (10):2547-2568.
    My intention is to cast light on the characteristics of epistemic or fundamental research (in contrast to application-oriented research). I contrast a Baconian notion of objectivity, expressing a correspondence of the views of scientists to the facts, with a pluralist notion, involving a critical debate between conflicting approaches. These conflicts include substantive hypotheses or theories but extend to values as well. I claim that a plurality of epistemic values serves to accomplish a non-Baconian form of objectivity that is (...)
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  40. Epistemic values and the value of learning.Wayne C. Myrvold - 2012 - Synthese 187 (2):547-568.
    In addition to purely practical values, cognitive values also figure into scientific deliberations. One way of introducing cognitive values is to consider the cognitive value that accrues to the act of accepting a hypothesis. Although such values may have a role to play, such a role does not exhaust the significance of cognitive values in scientific decision-making. This paper makes a plea for consideration of epistemic value —that is, value attaching to a state of belief—and (...)
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  41. Marxism and global values.William Gay - manuscript
    The dissolution of the Soviet Union has initiated important questions concerning the nature and future of Marxism. This essay will examine the future of Marxism in relation to global values, specifically in relation to what is termed “Western” Marxism (non-Soviet or non-Orthodox Marxism).
     
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  42. Reasons, Values and Agent‐Relativity.R. Jay Wallace - 2010 - Dialectica 64 (4):503-528.
    According to T. M. Scanlon's buck‐passing account, the normative realm of reasons is in some sense prior to the domain of value. Intrinsic value is not itself a property that provides us with reasons; rather, to be good is to have some other reason‐giving property, so that facts about intrinsic value amount to facts about how we have reason to act and to respond. The paper offers an interpretation and defense of this approach to the relation between reasons and (...). I start by acknowledging the role that substantive values play in specifications of our reasons, noting that this poses an apparent challenge to the buck‐passing account. The challenge can be met, however, if we adopt a deliberative understanding of substantive value, an interpretation that I proceed to develop and defend. In conclusion I consider recent attempts to capture the agent‐relativity of reasons within a teleological framework for thinking about the relation between reasons and values. I argue that these approaches rest on a deliberative understanding of value; the teleological framework thus turns out to illustrate the basic insight of the buck‐passing approach, rather than offering an alternative to it. (shrink)
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  43. Collective values.Bryce Huebner & Marcus Hedhal - 2013 - In Byron Kaldis, Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
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  44.  62
    Uncertainties, Values, and Climate Targets.Mathias Frisch - 2020 - Philosophy of Science 87 (5):979-990.
    Using climate policy debates as a case study, I argue that a certain response to the argument from inductive risk, the hedging defense, runs afoul of a reasonable ethical principle: the no-passing-...
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  45. How values in scientific discovery and pursuit Alter theory appraisal.Kevin C. Elliott & Daniel J. McKaughan - 2009 - Philosophy of Science 76 (5):598-611.
    Philosophers of science readily acknowledge that nonepistemic values influence the discovery and pursuit of scientific theories, but many tend to regard these influences as epistemically uninteresting. The present paper challenges this position by identifying three avenues through which nonepistemic values associated with discovery and pursuit in contemporary pollution research influence theory appraisal: (1) by guiding the choice of questions and research projects, (2) by altering experimental design, and (3) by affecting the creation and further investigation of theories or (...)
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  46. Values in pure and applied science.Sven Ove Hansson - 2007 - Foundations of Science 12 (3):257-268.
    In pure science, the standard approach to non-epistemic values is to exclude them as far as possible from scientific deliberations. When science is applied to practical decisions, non-epistemic values cannot be excluded. Instead, they have to be combined with scientific information in a way that leads to practically optimal decisions. A normative model is proposed for the processing of information in both pure and applied science. A general-purpose corpus of scientific knowledge, with high entry requirements, has a central (...)
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  47. Social values influence the adequacy conditions of scientific theories: beyond inductive risk.Ingo Brigandt - 2015 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 45 (3):326-356.
    The ‘death of evidence’ issue in Canada raises the spectre of politicized science, and thus the question of what role social values may have in science and how this meshes with objectivity and evidence. I first criticize philosophical accounts that have to separate different steps of research to restrict the influence of social and other non-epistemic values. A prominent account that social values may play a role even in the context of theory acceptance is the argument from (...)
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  48.  53
    Ethical Values in the Education of Biomedical Researchers.Elizabeth Heitman - 2000 - Hastings Center Report 30 (4):40-44.
  49. Locating Values in the Space of Possibilities.Sara Aronowitz - forthcoming - Philosophy of Science.
    Where do values live in thought? A straightforward answer is that we (or our brains) make decisions using explicit value representations which are our values. Recent work applying reinforcement learning to decision-making and planning suggests that more specifically, we may represent both the instrumental expected value of actions as well as the intrinsic reward of outcomes. In this paper, I argue that identifying value with either of these representations is incomplete. For agents such as humans and other animals, (...)
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  50.  56
    Comparison of professional values of Taiwanese and United States nursing students.Danita Alfred, Susan Yarbrough, Pam Martin, Janice Mink, Yu-Hua Lin & Liching S. Wang - 2013 - Nursing Ethics 20 (8):917-926.
    Globalization is a part of modern life. Sharing a common set of professional nursing values is critical in this global environment. The purpose of this research was to examine the professional values of nursing students from two distinct cultural perspectives. Nurse educators in Taiwan partnered with nurse educators in the United States to compare professional values of their respective graduating nursing students. The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics served as the philosophical framework for this examination. The (...)
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