IntroductionMentalizing is a key aspect of social cognition. Several researchers assume that mentalization has two systems, an explicit one and an implicit one. In schizophrenia, several studies have confirmed the deficit of explicit mentalizing, but little data are available on non-explicit mentalizing. However, increasing research activity can be detected recently in implicit mentalizing. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the existing results of implicit mentalizing in schizophreniaMethodsA systematic search was performed in four major databases: MEDLINE, (...) EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science. Eleven publications were selected. Five studies were found to be eligible for quantitative synthesis, and 9 studies were included in qualitative synthesis.ResultsThe meta-analysis revealed significantly lower accuracy, slower reaction time during implicit mentalizing in patients with schizophrenia. The systematic review found different brain activation pattern, further alterations in visual scanning, cue fixation, face looking time, and difficulties in perspective taking.DiscussionOverall, in addition to the deficit of explicit mentalization, implicit mentalization performance is also affected in schizophrenia, if not to the same extent. It seems likely that some elements of implicit mentalization might be relatively unaffected, but the effectiveness is limited by certain neurocognitive deficits. These alterations in implicit mentalizing can also have potential therapeutic consequences.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42021231312. (shrink)

People seem to differ in their visual search performance involving emotionally expressive faces when these expressions are seen on faces of others close to their age compared to faces of non-peers, known as the own-age bias. This study sought to compare search advantages in angry and happy faces detected on faces of adults and children on a pool of children and adults. The goals of this study were to examine the developmental trajectory of expression recognition and examine the development of (...) an OAB. Participants were asked to find a target face displaying an emotional expression among eight neutral faces. Results showed that children and adults found happy faces significantly faster than angry and fearful faces regardless of it being present on the faces of peers or non-peers. Adults responded faster to the faces of peers regardless of the expression. Furthermore, while children detected angry faces significantly faster compared to fearful ones, we found no such difference in adults. In contrast, adults detected all expressions significantly faster when they appeared on the faces of other adults compared to the faces of children. In sum, we found evidence for development in detecting facial expressions and also an age-dependent increase in OAB. We suggest that the happy face could have an advantage in visual processing due to its importance in social situations and its overall higher frequency compared to other emotional expressions. Although we only found some evidence on the OAB, using peer or non-peer faces should be a theoretical consideration of future research because the same emotion displayed on non-peers’ compared to peers’ faces may have different implications and meanings to the perceiver. (shrink)

Given its significance to stakeholders, the process of revising audit reports is an essential subject in today’s economic context. This study aims to detail relevant elements of this process by evaluating alterations to and developments of the audit report, as supported by international and regional standard-setters and regulators. To that end, we examine audit reports that have already applied new auditing regulations. This case study approach allows us to highlight UK audit-reporting practices both before and after the ISA 700 was (...) issued and entered practice. Our findings reveal that in terms of content and content positioning, UK companies’ audit reports make use of the psychological effects of primacy versus serial position and have done so long before the applicability of the international standard for financial statements published after December 2016. (shrink)

Nurse Timea Faludi was taken into custody in Hungary in 2001, after confessing to administering lethal doses of drugs to seriously ill elderly patients between May 2000 and February 2001. On 2 December 2002, the Court of First Instance found the nurse guilty on several counts of attempted homicide and of wilfully endangering four persons’ lives in her professional capacity. This article discusses unethical and illegal acts in Hungary.

El artículo examina un aspecto relevantede la interpretación heideggeriana deltiempo como temporeidad del Dasein: sudeterminación como horizonte trascendentalde la comprensión del ser en general. Sibien es cierto que Heidegger abandonael proyecto ontológico, diseñado en Sery tiempo, de una interpretación temporariadel sentido del ser, el artículo intentamostrar que, en textos posteriores, mantieney profundiza su concepción de latemporeidad como horizonte trascenden-tal de comprensión. Para ello, ofrece unareconstrucción de la noción de esquemahorizontal de los éxtasis tempóreos, a fin deaclarar en qué sentido el (...) tiempo constituyeel origen ontológico del ser-en-el-mundo como ámbito abierto demanifestación significativa.This article examines a eminent aspect ofthe Heideggerian interpretation of the timeas temporality of Dasein: its determinationas transcendental horizon of the comprehensionofBeingingeneral.InspiteofthefactthatHeidegger abandons the on Beingand Time designed ontological project ofa temporal interpretation of the meaningof Being, the article tries to show that inposterior texts maintains and deepenshis conception of the temporality as tran-scendental horizon of comprehension. Inorder to do so, it offers a reconstruction ofnotion horizontal schema of the temporalEcstases, in order to explain how the timeis the ontological origin of the being-inthe-world as open spacefor the sense apparition. (shrink)