Let us begin with a fundamental realization: No amount of thinking and no amount of public policy have brought us any closer to understanding and solving the problem of crime. The more we have reacted to crime, the farther we have removed ourselves from any understanding and any reduction of the problem. In recent years, we have floundered desperately in reformulating the law, punishing the offender, and quantifying our knowledge. Yet this country remains one of the most crime‐ridden nations. In (...) spite of all its wealth, economic development, and scientific advances, this country has one of the worst crime records in the world.With such realization, we return once again—as if starting anew—to the subject of crime, a subject that remains one of our most critical indicators of the state of our personal and collective being. If what is to be said seems outrageous and heretical, it is only because it is necessarily outside the conventional wisdom both of our understanding of the problem and of our attempt to solve it. (shrink)

We prove that given any first order formula φ in the language L' = {+,., <, (f i ) i ∈ I , (c i ) i ∈ I }, where the f i are unary function symbols and the c i are constants, one can find an existential formula ψ such that φ and ψ are equivalent in any L'-structure $\langle {\Bbb R},+,.,<,(x^{c_{i}})_{i\in I},(c_{i})_{i\in I}\rangle $.