Metabolomics, including lipidomics, is emerging as a quantitative biology approach for the assessment of energy flow through metabolism and information flow through metabolic signaling; thus, providing novel insights into metabolism and its regulation, in health, healthy ageing and disease. In this forward‐looking review we provide an overview on the origins of metabolomics, on its role in this postgenomic era of biochemistry and its application to investigate metabolite role and (bio)activity, from model systems to human population studies. We present the challenges (...) inherent to this analytical science, and approaches and modes of analysis that are used to resolve, characterize and measure the infinite chemical diversity contained in the metabolome (including lipidome) of complex biological matrices. In the current outbreak of metabolic diseases such as cardiometabolic disorders, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolomics appears to be ideally situated for the investigation of disease pathophysiology from a metabolite perspective. (shrink)

Carla CANULLO Paco Editorial, Trad. Íris Fátima da Silva Uribe e Luis Uribe Miranda 2021 404 páginas. Jundiaí São, Brasil ISBN: 978-85-462-1999-5.

Violence -- Poliltical philosophy -- Critical theory -- Science and arts in international relations -- Psyche -- Aesthetics -- Tolstoi's War and peace.

Resumo: A Lei 10.639/03 depositou diante do universo docente o desafio de propalar o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-brasileira e Africana, numa perspectiva contrária a visão eurocêntrica predominante até então. Cabia às Secretarias de Educação subsidiar as escolas, o que exigia formação de equipes aptas ao processo, bem como compreensão da lei e mudanças nas concepções de currículo e práxis dos/as educadores/as. O presente artigo vem apresentar justamente a caminhada da Secretaria Municipal de Educação no Município de Manaus/SEMED/MANAUS quanto (...) a inserção dos temas nas documentações. Apresenta a construção de uma Proposta Pedagógica Curricular/PPC, alinhada a lei. Contudo, traz a reflexão de que a mudança realizada na PPC é um avanço, mas não é garantia de disseminação de atitudes e conhecimentos necessários para a formação integral antirracista dos estudantes. A SEMED/MANAUS, reconhece que é necessário a mudança de postura dos educadores, por isso desde a implantação da referida PPC, realiza oficinas, formações e demais ações pertinentes a temática. Dessa forma conjectura-se que o trabalho dos/as professores tem caminhado na perspectiva da formação integral antirracista dos estudantes. Palavras chaves: Lei 10.639/03. Escola. Currículo. Educação integral antirracista. (shrink)

As possibilidades de diálogo pedagógico entre os campos da Educação Ambiental e Formação Humana nos cursos de Educação Física é objeto deste estudo. Buscando revisar e evidenciar os princípios e objetivos construídos historicamente da Educação Ambiental e a atual realidade da formação de professores, identificando os limites e possibilidades para a construção de uma proposta crítica pedagógica que altera a lógica na Formação de Professores em Educação Física a partir do tripé ensino, pesquisa e extensão e a Educação Ambiental.The possibilities (...) pedagogical of the dialogue between the fields of Human Environmental Education and Training courses in Physical Education is an object of this study. The objective is review and clear the principles and objectives of environmental education, identifying the limits and possibilities for building critical pedagogical proposal amending the logic in the courses of the physical education from the triad education, research and outreach and environmental education. (shrink)

In this essay, I propose a comprehension of the meaning of politics based on Martin Heidegger’s thinking. I will develop the idea of the political as essential displacement of humanity. This notion will be achieved precisely by understanding the Heideggerian interpretation of Polis [πόλις] as the historical place i.e. the “site of history” [Geschichtesstätte]. In order to establish my argument, I will focus not only on explicit references to the concept of Polis in his literature, but also on a brief (...) analysis of two key concepts presented in his work in the late 1930s: machination [Machenschaft] and lived-experience [Er-lebnis]. It is through these concepts, but also how, through them, a technicity and history are related, that I will delineate a context for the meaning of politics as essential displacement of humanity, which will thereby conform to the basic character of the techno-political being. Nevertheless, a reflection upon the meaning of politics leading to the characterisation of the human as a techno-political being will show itself as the question about the place of the philosopher, a way to put philosophy itself in question. (shrink)

In this volume, we have chosen to highlight the importance of education to human rights by reprinting two articles written by Paulo Freire in 1970 for the _Harvard Educational Review_. These articles contain many of Freire's original ideas on human rights and education—issues that are central to his work. Freire was a pioneer in promoting the universal right to education and literacy as part of a commitment to people's struggle against oppression. As Jerome Bruner recognized after Freire's death in May (...) 1997, Freire left as a legacy his commitment to basic human rights: "He was a brave man as well as a far-sighted one. He made us aware of our mindless cruelties, and now the challenge to all of us is to do something about those cruelties.". (shrink)

A common account sees the human genome sequencing project of the 1990s as a “natural outgrowth” of the deciphering of the double helical structure of DNA in the 1950s. The essay aims to complicate this neat narrative by putting the spotlight on the field of human chromosome research that flourished at the same time as molecular biology. It suggests that we need to consider both endeavors – the human cytogeneticists who collected samples and looked down the microscope and the molecular (...) biologists who probed the molecular mechanisms of gene function – to understand the rise of the human genome sequencing project and the current genomic practices. In particular, it proposes that what has often been described as the “molecularization” of cytogenetics could equally well be viewed as the turn of molecular biologists to human and medical genetics – a field long occupied by cytogeneticists. These considerations also have implications for the archives that are constructed for future historians and policy makers. (shrink)

Cette étude analyse comment Kelsen, pour libérer le droit et la démocratie des traces de ce qu'il appelle les hypostases collectives ou la mythologie de l'âme collective, prend position face aux grandes théories de la sociologie et de la psychologie sociale de son temps. D'abord, il s'agira de montrer comment Kelsen critique les métaphores de l'âme collective ; ensuite, de montrer comment la pensée kelsénienne sur le droit et la démocratie essaie d'échapper aux problèmes liés à la métaphore de l'âme (...) collective. Cela peut laisser entrevoir quelques points communs entre la théorie de Kelsen et les théories contemporaines sur le droit et la démocratie libérées des prémisses de l'idée d'une communauté homogène. The aim of this essay is to analyse how Kelsen criticises the major theories of sociology and social psychology of his time in order to liberate law and democracy from what he calls collective hypostasis or the mythology of the "collective soul". The first part investigates how Kelsen criticises the metaphors of the collective soul. The second part addresses how Kelsen built a theory of law and democracy that sought to escape from problems correlated to the metaphors of the collective soul. The results enable the reader to glimpse some common points between Kelsen's ideas and contemporary projects to elaborate a theory of law and democracy released from the premises implicated by the idea of a uniform community. (shrink)

BackgroundAlthough a large number of clinical trials on interventions demonstrating efficacy (or lack thereof) are conducted annually, much of this evidence is not accessible to scientists and clinicians.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the publication rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) trials that have been registered in clinical trial registries, and the factors associated with publication.MethodsTrials, completed on January 15, 2015, were identified via the US National Institutes of Health clinical trials registry, the European Union Clinical Trials Register and the WHO International (...) Clinical Trials Registry Platform. A systematic search for publications (published by the end of March 2018) related to each of the registered trials were then performed.ResultsFour hundred and thirty-eight of 1982 potentially eligible trials were included. Only 34% of interventional trials were registered prior to initiation, 9% were registered within 2 months of starting and 20% after trial completion. Of the 438 included trials, 72% had generated peer-reviewed publications, while an additional 7% had disseminated results in some other form (such as on the trial database), 26 months after trial completion. Randomisation of a trial was the only factor individually associated with publication, in logistic regression analysis (p < 0.001). Intervention type, university as sponsor and study registration prior to completion were factors that influenced the time to publication, using Cox regression (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study underscores the importance of timely and accurate publication and dissemination of trial results, in order to avoid the potential waste of resources and to ensure research integrity and patient safety. We suggest that authors and journal editors adhere to conditions set out by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and that more diligent data sharing is encouraged through prospective trial registration and trial reporting websites. (shrink)

Microstudies and big picture accounts are often counterposed. This paper investigates the supposed dichotomy between the two historiographical approaches. In particular it investigates how the discussions are reflected in the historiography of molecular biology and the special questions posed by the disciplinary context. Taking inspiration from the microhistory tradition as exemplified by the works of Carlo Ginzburg, Jacques Revel, and David Sabean among others, the paper highlights the heuristic value of microstudies to reconstruct the multiple contexts that link apparently small (...) events with broader structures. In a parallel fashion, the paper argues for using microstudies to open up the history of molecular biology to other fields of study and thus moving beyond the confines of the disciplinary framework. Such an approach does not dismiss the search for big pictures. Yet rather than opposing big pictures to microstudies, it sees microstudies as a valid way to gain new and broad vistas. (shrink)

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Volume 45, Issue 3, Page 462-467, September 2022.

The following text is an edited version of a recent interview with Sydney Brenner who has been at the forefront of many developments in molecular biology since the 1950s. It provides a participant’s view on current issues in the history and epistemology of molecular biology. The main issue raised by Brenner regards the relation of molecular biology to the new field of systems biology. Brenner defends the original programme of molecular biology—the molecular explanation of living processes—that in his view has (...) yet to be completed. The programme of systems biology in contrast he views as either trivial or as not achievable since it purports to deal with inverse problems that are impossible to solve in complex living systems. Other issues covered in the conversation concern the impact of the human genome sequencing project, the commercial turn in molecular biology and the contested disciplinary status of the science. (shrink)

One of the most beautiful and enigmatic texts in the corpus of the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles is beyond doubt the so-called Hymn of the Pearl, whose meaning, however, is far from getting an academic consensus in the current bibliography. As A.F.J. Klijn in his «The So-Called Hymn of the Pearl », Vigiliae Christianae, vol. 14, n. 3 156, stated a coherent analysis of the poem should bring an answer to two main questions: «What is meant with the pearl? (...) and Who is the principal person in this hymn?». The following pages will try to propose a tenable meaning to this passage by allocating it in its due conceptual context and will offer a consequent hypothesis to those questions that remain still opened. (shrink)

The analysis of social networks has remained a crucial and yet understudied aspect of the efforts to measure Triple Helix linkages. The Triple Helix model aims to explain, among other aspects of knowledge-based societies, “the current research system in its social context” (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 2000:109). This paper develops a novel approach to study the research system from the perspective of the individual, through the analysis of the relationships among researchers, and between them and other social actors. We develop a (...) new set of techniques and show how they can be applied to the study of a specific case (a group of academics within a university department). We analyse their informal social networks and show how a relationship exists between the characteristics of an individual’s network of social links and his or her research output. (shrink)

This article discusses how the persistence of child labor, especially in Brazil and the United States of America, constitutes a current facet of neo-colonialism. Cultivated as an educational and dignifying activity, exploited child labor persists and is naturalized. Schools, religions, and the legislation contribute to making the working class come to love and naturalize what in the past was understood as torture and punishment, thus jointly acting as a fundamental means of forming a new cultural form: the love of work. (...) Initially, the article discusses how the culture of work is historically founded and then argues against the idealist and postmodern explanations that naturalize it. The argument is based on the understanding that culture has a material basis and is linked to the production and social reproduction of life. Data from the empirical research on child labor in tobacco farming in Brazil and the USA reveal the persistence of the problem among Latino children and families. We conclude with the need to found a new culture for contemporary society, based on other social and economic relations, which allows the working class to free itself from what dominates and exploits it. (shrink)

“The great powers of the world may have done wonders in giving the world an industrial look, but the great gift still has to come from Africa—giving the world a more human face.”—Steve BikoUndersta...

A common account sees the human genome sequencing project of the 1990s as a “natural outgrowth” of the deciphering of the double helical structure of DNA in the 1950s. The essay aims to complicate this neat narrative by putting the spotlight on the field of human chromosome research that flourished at the same time as molecular biology. It suggests that we need to consider both endeavors – the human cytogeneticists who collected samples and looked down the microscope and the molecular (...) biologists who probed the molecular mechanisms of gene function – to understand the rise of the human genome sequencing project and the current genomic practices. In particular, it proposes that what has often been described as the “molecularization” of cytogenetics could equally well be viewed as the turn of molecular biologists to human and medical genetics – a field long occupied by cytogeneticists. These considerations also have implications for the archives that are constructed for future historians and policy makers. (shrink)

Entrevista a Peter Trawny por Soraya Guimarães Hoepfner.

With regard to the issue of the differences of the sexes, our study focuses on traditional games in Kabylie, taken and defined as part of the field of motor praxiology. A discipline inspired by the work of Pierre Parlebas. We will attempt through a field survey, to identify and interpret the meaning and distribution of the traditional games played by the women of Kabylie. From this perspective, the analysis of the internal logics of the practices are related to the system (...) of interactions between players and their environment. This reveals valuable information on the structures underlying traditional games, and their ethno-motor characteristics as well as the world of ethnology of this vast mountainous region of Kabylie. By analyzing 92 traditional games played in the region of Kabylie allowed us to highlight on the one hand the cultural specificity, and on the other the richness of the socio-cultural aspects of this region. By examining how a game constitutes a cultural identity element of a geographical space, we explain the meaning of sport culture and identity of the Kabylie, by focusing particularly on the place of women and the indicators that reveal the relationships between men and women and distinguish the distribution of female and male roles. This also allows an understanding of the nature of traditional sports and their differentiation in terms of socialization between boys and girls. (shrink)