Music can reduce stress and anxiety, enhance positive mood, and facilitate social bonding. However, little is known about the role of music and related personal or cultural variables in maintaining wellbeing during times of stress and social isolation as imposed by the COVID-19 crisis. In an online questionnaire, administered in 11 countries, participants rated the relevance of wellbeing goals during the pandemic, and the effectiveness of different activities in obtaining these goals. Music was found to be the most effective activity (...) for three out of five wellbeing goals: enjoyment, venting negative emotions, and self-connection. For diversion, music was equally good as entertainment, while it was second best to create a sense of togetherness, after socialization. This result was evident across different countries and gender, with minor effects of age on specific goals, and a clear effect of the importance of music in people's lives. Cultural effects were generally small and surfaced mainly in the use of music to obtain a sense of togetherness. Interestingly, culture moderated the use of negatively valenced and nostalgic music for those higher in distress. (shrink)
Fluid movement and grain boundary friction are the two main factors affecting the anelastic attenuation of seismic data. The quality factor quantifies the degree of anelastic attenuation and is commonly used in assisting the identification of gas reservoirs. We can accurately compute [Formula: see text] if we obtain the accurate amplitude spectrum of seismic wavelets at refereed and at target time indexes of the seismic profile. However, it is very difficult to obtain the accurate wavelets at the referred and target (...) time indexes. Instead, we usually compare the changes of the amplitude spectrum of refereed and target seismic waveform. The seismic waveform is the convolution result between the seismic wavelet and the reflectivity series. Thus, the reflectivity series would affect our [Formula: see text] computation. We have assumed that the changes of the reflectivity series are negligible within one common-midpoint gather. Then the effect of relativity to the seismic spectrum is the same for the same seismic waveform at different offsets. The seismic waveforms at near offsets are treated as referred seismic signals, and the seismic waveforms at medium and far offsets are regarded as target seismic signals. We use simulated annealing to simultaneously obtain [Formula: see text] values at the entire time index of seismic traces. The method is applied to synthetic and real seismic data to demonstrate its validity and effectiveness. Both applications illustrate the effectiveness of the method in estimating seismic attenuation. (shrink)
Considering the significant contribution of teachers’ professional triumph in the prosperity of students, the current study aims to investigate the existence of any relationship among three factors influencing teachers’ success: immunity, mindfulness, and engagement. Furthermore, we attempt to investigate whether English as a foreign language teachers’ immunity and mindfulness can predict their work engagement. To this end, a Likert-scale questionnaire including items on teacher immunity, mindfulness, and work engagement was distributed to 582 EFL teachers in China through the WeChat application (...) by employing a convenient sampling. To analyze the collected data, the Spearman Rho correlation index and linear multiple regression analysis are employed. The findings are that there does exist an indication of a direct relationship among EFL teachers’ immunity, mindfulness, and work engagement. Also, it is found that immunity and mindfulness can predict EFL teachers’ work engagement. The current study’s findings support the necessity of training language teachers to cope with the EFL context adversities. (shrink)
ObjectiveThe large-scale epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 has triggered unprecedented physical and psychological stress on health professionals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of burnout syndrome, and the relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms among frontline medical staff during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.MethodsA total of 606 frontline medical staff were recruited from 133 cities in China using a cross-sectional survey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess the level of burnout. Depressive symptoms were assessed (...) by the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression.ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, 36.5% of the medical staff experienced burnout. Personal and work-related factors were independently associated with burnout, including age, family income, having physical diseases, daily working hours, and profession of nurse. The correlation coefficients between the scores of each burnout subscale and the scores of depressive symptoms were 0.57 for emotional exhaustion, 0.37 for cynicism, and −0.41 for professional efficacy.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the prevalence rate of burnout is extremely high among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is associated with other psychological disorders, such as depression. Psychological intervention for medical staff is urgently needed. Young and less experienced medical staff, especially nurses, should receive more attention when providing psychological assistance. (shrink)
Although Candrakīrti has been a focus in the recent scholarly attention on conventional reality in Buddhist philosophy, the complexity of his discussions of the status of phenomenal world on the surface or conventional level has not been adequately explored. In cataloging the wide-ranging interpretations that Candrakīrti has offered, this paper identifies several clusters of connected ideas that are delineated here as dimensions of Candrakīrti’s conventional reality. It will be shown that his thoughts on the subject have divergent orientations, ranging from (...) commonsensical to technical. Thus, on the one hand, conventional reality represents the beliefs and consensus that ordinary people share about their world, while, on the other, traditional Madhyamaka, grammar, and Abhidharma discourses are used to provide linguistic and Buddhist doctrinal outlines of that same reality. The mobilization of available resources affords Candrakīrti several layers of articulation, as it does again for the eighth-century writers Jñānagarbha and Śāntarakṣita, who bring Dharmakīrti’s thought and Yogācāra philosophy to bear on the Madhyamaka theory of conventional reality. (shrink)
The objectivity is a basic requirement for the measurements in the classical world, namely, different observers must reach a consensus on their measurement results, so that they believe that the object exists “objectively” since whoever measures it obtains the same result. We find that this simple requirement of objectivity indeed imposes an important constraint upon quantum measurements, i.e., if two or more observers could reach a consensus on their quantum measurement results, their measurement basis must be orthogonal vector sets. This (...) naturally explains why quantum measurements are based on orthogonal vector basis, which is proposed as one of the axioms in textbooks of quantum mechanics. The role of the macroscopicality of the observers in an objective measurement is discussed, which supports the belief that macroscopicality is a characteristic of classicality. (shrink)
Aśvaghoṣa follows his scriptural sources closely in his narration of the story of the Buddha’s last journey leading to his nirvāṇa. The Buddhacarita and the Pāli Mahāparinibbānasutta mirror each other in their accounts of most of the places that the Buddha visited and the many events that took place during that journey. What the Buddhacarita and the Pāli sutta have in common also suggests that Aśvaghoṣa’s sources are already highly literary, even though the Buddhist poet transforms the traditional materials through (...) versification and literary embellishment. He also freshly designs occasional religious dialogs and philosophical meditation. Aśvaghoṣa’s literary accomplishments met with different responses outside South Asia. In China, the translation of the Buddhacarita was used as an authority and a source of information in erudite biographies of the Buddha, a Buddhist history, a Buddhist encyclopedia, and lexicographical works. In Tibet, where Indian literary classics were actively studied, interpreted, and used as literary models, the Buddhacarita has been surprisingly ignored after it was rendered by a lesser known Tibetan translator between 1260 and 1280. (shrink)
Crosswell correlation for subsurface channel sandstone reservoirs is a difficult problem for geologists worldwide because it is hard for us to know the subsurface sand-body distribution situation. Different correlation methods or strategies result in different sand-body stacking and reservoir connecting models. Sand-body correlation for channel sandstones with only static geologic methods is prone to cause high uncertainties in the analysis for sand-body distribution and connection due to their complexity and heterogeneity. Combining outcrop images and wireline logs, we have evaluated seven (...) channel correlation models. We developed a new channel sand-body correlation strategy with four steps with a case study, combining channel architecture patterns, different correlation models, and tracer test data. The four-step correlation method consists of channel-belt correlation, isolated channel sand-body correlation, barrier and baffle analysis, and impacts of reservoir structure. Furthermore, the channel reservoir connectivity was also analyzed in terms of connection efficiency derived from tracer test data as well as in terms of barrier and baffle obtained from channel-body correlation results. We found that the new correlation workflow integrated with our correlation models reduced the uncertainty of subsurface channel sand-body correlation in the study area. In addition, the channel correlation strategy can approach the subsurface sand-body connection reality of the reservoir distribution and reflect the real production performance in the study area. The correlation strategy and models in the paper could be applied to other analogous subsurface channel reservoirs. (shrink)
In the big data era, sequencing technology has produced a large number of biological sequencing data. Different views of the cancer genome data provide sufficient complementary information to explore genetic activity. The identification of differentially expressed genes from multiview cancer gene data is of great importance in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we propose a novel method for identifying differentially expressed genes based on tensor robust principal component analysis, which extends the matrix method to the processing of multiway (...) data. To identify differentially expressed genes, the plan is carried out as follows. First, multiview data containing cancer gene expression data from different sources are prepared. Second, the original tensor is decomposed into a sum of a low-rank tensor and a sparse tensor using TRPCA. Third, the differentially expressed genes are considered to be sparse perturbed signals and then identified based on the sparse tensor. Fourth, the differentially expressed genes are evaluated using Gene Ontology and Gene Cards tools. The validity of the TRPCA method was tested using two sets of multiview data. The experimental results showed that our method is superior to the representative methods in efficiency and accuracy aspects. (shrink)
Hydrocarbon detection is always one of the most critical sections in geophysical exploration, which plays an important role in subsequent hydrocarbon production. However, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and weak reflection amplitude of deep seismic data, some conventional methods do not always provide favorable hydrocarbon prediction results. The interesting dolomite reservoirs in Central Sichuan are buried over an average depth of 4500 m, and the dolomite rocks have a low porosity below approximately 4%, which is measured by well-logging data. (...) Furthermore, the dominant system of pores and fractures as well as strong heterogeneity along the lateral and vertical directions lead to some difficulties in describing the reservoir distribution. Spectral decomposition has become successful in illuminating subsurface features and can also be used to identify potential hydrocarbon reservoirs by detecting low-frequency shadows. However, the current applications for hydrocarbon detection always suffer from low resolution for thin reservoirs, probably due to the influence of the window function and without a prior constraint. To address this issue, we developed sparse inverse SD based on the wavelet transform, which involves a sparse constraint of time-frequency spectra. We focus on investigating the applications of sparse spectral attributes derived from SISD to deep marine dolomite hydrocarbon detection from a 3D real seismic data set with an area of approximately [Formula: see text]. We predict and evaluate gas-bearing zones in two target reservoir segments by analyzing and comparing the spectral amplitude responses of relatively high- and low-frequency components. The predicted results indicate that most favorable gas-bearing areas are located near the northeast fault zone in the upper reservoir segment and at the relatively high structural positions in the lower reservoir segment, which are in good agreement with the gas-testing results of three wells in the study area. (shrink)
This paper addresses the finite-time adaptive tracking control problem for a class of pure feedback nonlinear systems whose nonaffine functions may not be differentiable. By properly modeling the nonaffine function, the design difficulty of the pure feedback structure is overcome without using the median value theorem. In our design procedure, an finite-time adaptive controller is elaborately developed using the decoupling technology, which eliminates the limitation assumption on the partial derivatives of nonaffine functions. Furthermore, the constructed controller can stabilize the system (...) within a finite-time so that all signals in the closed-loop system are semiglobally uniformly finite-time bounded, while ensuring the tracking performance. Finally, the simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. (shrink)
Metrics and their weaker forms are used to measure the difference between two data. There are many metrics that are available but not desired by a practitioner. This paper recommends in a plausible reasoning manner an easy-to-understand method to construct desired distance-like measures: to fuse easy-to-obtain pseudo-semi-metrics, pseudo-metrics, or metrics by making full use of well-known t-norms, t-conorms, aggregation operators, and similar operators. The simple reason to do this is that data for a real world problem are sometimes from multiagents. (...) A distance-like notion, called weak interval-valued pseudo-metrics, is defined by using known notions of pseudo-semi-metrics, pseudo-metrics, and metrics; this notion is topologically good and shows precision, flexibility, and compatibility than single pseudo-semi-metrics, pseudo-metrics, or metrics. Propositions and detailed examples are given to illustrate how to fabricate an expected or demanded WIVP-metric in practical problems, and WIVP-metric and its special cases are characterized by using axioms. Moreover, some WIVP-metrics pertinent to quantitative logic theory or interval-valued fuzzy graphs are constructed, and fixed point theorems and common fixed point theorems in weak interval-valued metric spaces are also presented. Topics and strategies for further study are also put forward concretely and clearly. (shrink)
Tight sandstone gas reservoirs have the characteristics of low porosity and permeability, deep burial, and low production of vertical wells, which are difficult to predict and exploit. Usually, finding a “sweet spot” requires finding zones with well-developed fractures or easy stimulation by hydraulic fracturing in the later stage. For some tight sandstone gas reservoirs where natural fractures are not developed, directional hydraulic fracturing is a good choice to improve single well production. However, not all reservoirs can achieve the desired productivity (...) after hydraulic-fracture stimulation. In the exploration of the Sulige gas field in Western China, sweet spots with strong brittleness and good petrophysical properties can ensure the success of hydraulic fracturing. We have evaluated the SLG gas field to determine how to implement an engineering-oriented sweet spot prediction workflow. The method has five steps: data-quality analysis, lithology prediction, brittleness prediction, petrophysical property prediction, and well planning. We evaluated the feasibility of subsequent sensitive elastic parameter inversion by comparing the accrual and simulated seismic gathers. Then, we used a direct inversion method of Young’s modulus to predict lithology and identify fluid at the same time. Next, we constructed a new brittleness index by combining the rate of change of Young’s modulus and the quartz content to evaluate the brittleness of rocks, which can overcome the shortage of the conventional brittleness index constructed by a single parameter. Finally, by using the brittleness index, we combined the petrophysical properties inversion results to select regions with strong brittleness and good petrophysical properties as the basis of well planning. This workflow achieved remarkable results in the exploration of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the SLG gas field in Western China. (shrink)
