We suggest that the inclusion of anxiety, as one relevant mood factor, could enhance the implementation of the integrative memory model in research and the clinic. The role of anxiety in Alzheimer's disease neuroanatomy, symptomology, and progression is used as an example. Customization of the integrative memory model can establish strong foundations for pathology-specific models of memory deficits, enhancing the development of precision medicine applications.

The article examines the reasons why L. Shestov interpreted Pascal's philosophy as a philosophy of tragedy, as well as those topics of Pascal's philosophy that attracted Shestov's main attention. The author analyzes the themes of death, faith, reason and suffering in Pascal and Shestov works, and comes to the conclusion that these two thinkers oppose scientism and humanism, the importance of the individual and his destiny. The author also proves that Shestov positively evaluated the role of the heart in Pascal's (...) philosophy and Pascal's attempts to destroy the peace of non-believers by expressing the contradiction between the gifts of faith and the impossibility of their rational justification. Shestov’s"Faith as the second dimension of thinking" is similar to Pascal's understanding of "heart" and "faith". Shestov, like Pascal, competes with "history", which is a manifestation of regularities. (shrink)

У статті робиться спроба теоретичного аналізу специфіки механізму формування традицій як емоційно забарвленої уяви про об’єкт, яка може виникати спонтанно або цілеспрямовано під впливом засобів інформації, реклами чи пропаганди, формуючи своєрідний міф з певною системою координат. Аналізується традиція, як певний зв’язок між старим і новим змістом, котрий створює вигляд безперервності існування соціуму. Традиція розглядається як сучасний погляд на минуле. Виходячи з цього процес відтворення традицій – це не відновлення історичної правди, а процес міфотворення образу минулого сьогодні, націленого в майбутнє, де (...) для міфу минулого на перший план виходить майбутнє. Традиція тільки відштовхується від минулого і формує свою віртуальну історію. Процес формування нового бачення історичного процесу розглядається як процес міфотворення традицій, який відбувається весь час, постійно задовольняючи мінливі інтереси суспільства. Розкривається механізм формування іміджу як соціокультурної матриці певної події або об’єкту, де на перший план виходять соціокультурні конотації з використанням процесу міфотворення традицій. (shrink)

The second part of the interview with Dr.Sci.Proleiev, Doctor of Philosophy, devoted to the understanding of the phenomenon of "philosophy in the USSR" (first part: Proleyev, S., Zborovska, X., Mironenko, R., Kostenko, O., & Shulha, M. (2018). Philosophy as a School of Life at the Time of Totalitarianism. Part I. Thinking in the Space of Soviet Myths.

The revolution in science and technology is significantly changing the character of production and work. One of the important aspects of this change is that labor becomes a scientifically organized process that makes increased demands on development of the human factor in production. The most productive scientific ideas, the most perfect technologies, when combined with production, may fail to produce the desired "yield" unless a sufficient number of well-trained personnel, or of the required organizational structures corresponding to the level of (...) societal relationships, the habits of collective work, and human psychology, are available. Implementation of a truly scientific organization of work presumes as a condition that a considerable level of development will already have been achieved in socialist labor discipline, as well as habits of collectivism and ethical motivations for work, and not merely occupational skills and qualities. More precisely, the list of qualities that, while they may not be occupational in the strict sense are nonetheless necessary features of the person employed in socialist society, includes general cultural and moral development, social activity, and political consciousness. The transformation of work into a scientifically organized process presumes an increasing demand for a highly skilled labor force with comprehensive development. Moreover, the development of the labor force and the rise in its skills should run ahead of the development of the means of production. It is precisely this that determines the need for conscious management of the development of the human being. For comprehensive development of the labor force to run ahead of the means of production requires considerable outlays for occupational and general cultural training of the direct participants in production. A worker of a new type, with a higher level of general and occupational education, will emerge in the course of implementation of a complex of economic, social, and scientific-technological measures. (shrink)

Зрушення в осмисленні сучасної культури багато у чому залежать від вихідних методологічних передумов, що лежать в основі дослідницьких програм. Такого роду передумови, своєю чергою, залежать, з одного боку, від філософських основ, а з іншого – від фактичного матеріалу, яким в даному випадку виступає опис конкретних проявів культури, таких як мистецтво, релігія, сама наука та ін. Особливості сучасної культури пов’язані зі змінами, які почали відбуватися з другої половини XX століття і для яких характерні таки риси, як смисловий плюралізм, децентрація, невизначеність, фрагментарність, (...) мінливість та ін. Подібні зміни потребують розробки нових дослідницьких стратегій. Одну з таких програм запропонував Ф. Джеймісон у праці «Постмодернізм, або логіка пізнього капіталізму». З методологічної точки зору, найбільш цікавими у даному підході є опис та аналіз «культуровиробництва». Головною особливістю останнього є зрощування економічного потенціалу з результатами культурного розвитку, внаслідок якого культурне середовище і ринок стають одним і тим самим середовищем. У статті проаналізовано погляди Ф. Джеймісона в контексті осмислення сучасної культури. (shrink)

Сучасний стан досліджень культури, незважаючи на різноманітність різних підходів і методів їх здійснення, характеризується пріоритетом комунікативної складової як методологічного базису, на якому може бути створена методологія, адекватна нинішньому рівню культури. Однак спроби побудови такої методології не завершились успіхом і не було накопичено необхідного феноменологічного знання з конкретних галузей культури, з одного боку, а з іншого, – не вистачало розробок з методології досліджень у гуманітарних науках. Найбільш розвиненими з цього погляду виявилися науки, які утворилися на стику лінгвістики і філософії. Це – (...) філософія гуманітарних знань, герменевтика і сама лінгвістика. Аналіз методологічного потенціалу даних наук дає не тільки розуміння ролі комунікативної складової в дослідженні культури, але й можливість сформулювати конкретні вимоги до методолога, роль якого вже не обмежується методологічної рефлексією, а полягає в практичному залученні в формування самої комунікативної складової культурного середовища. Зрештою методолог стає «креатологом», наслідком чого є формування нових вимог до його діяльності, деякі з яких запропоновано в даній статті. (shrink)

In article consider the problem of primary link of production's structure and explains the distinctions between enterprises and form, enterprises and corporation. It is very importance for working management model of modern enterprises.

The existence of deep moral disagreement is used in support of views ranging from moral relativism to the impossibility of moral expertise. This is done despite the fact that it is not at all clear whether deep moral disagreements actually occur, as the usually given examples are never of real life situations, but of some generalized debates on controversial issues. The paper will try to remedy this, as any strength of arguments appealing to deep moral disagreement is partly depended on (...) the fact the disagreement exists. This will be done by showing that some real life conflicts that are intractable, i.e. notoriously difficult to resolve, share some important features with deep moral disagreement. The article also deals with the objection that the mere conceptual possibility renders illustrations of actually happening deep moral disagreements unnecessary. The problem with such objection is that it depends on theoretical assumptions (i.e. denial of moral realism) that are not uncontroversial. Instead, the article claims we need not only suppose deep moral disagreements exist because they actually occur when some intractable conflicts occur. Thus, in so far as to the deep moral disagreement’s existence, the arguments appealing to it are safe. But as intractable conflicts can be resolved, by seeing deep moral disagreements as constitutive part of them, we might have to consider whether deep moral disagreements are resolvable too. A brief suggestion of how that might look like is given in the end of the paper. (shrink)

У статті розглядаються особливості взаємозв’язку екзистенціалізму, феноменології, герменевтики та християнської думки в поглядах Мерольда Вестфаля. Аналізується проблема сприйняття американським феноменологом Бога, звільненого від ланцюгів онто-теологічного розуміння, перейнята і переосмислена ним із праць Мартіна Гайдеґґера. Досліджується специфіка тлумачення та застосування М. Вестфалем ідей Аврелія Августина, Іммануїла Канта, Сьорена К’єркеґора, Фрідріха Ніцше, використана для «аргументації постмодерністської віри» та інтерпретації «постмодерністської самості». Простежується еволюція поглядів М. Вестфаля від екзистенціальної феноменології релігії до «радикальної герменевтики», побудованої на «герменевтиці скінченності» та «герменевтиці підозри», які уможливлюють «позитивний (...) постмодернізм» та модернізацію християнства, віднаходження справжньої віри. (shrink)

Предметом статті є аналіз елементів вірувань і релігійних уявлень сучасного канібалізму. На прикладі останнніх публікацій і досліджень, виконаних в галузі антропології та приматології, розглядається релігієзнавчий аспект указаного феномену. Наводяться також схеми класифікації канібалізму на базі наявних систем, розроблених сучасною антропологією і психологією.

Predictability is a prerequisite for effective human control of artificial intelligence (AI). The inability to predict malfunctioning of AI, for example, impedes timely human intervention. In this paper, we empirically investigate how AI’s predictability compares to the predictability of humans in a real-effort task. We show that humans are worse at predicting AI performance than at predicting human performance. Importantly, participants are not aware of the differences in relative predictability of AI and overestimate their prediction skills. These results raise doubts (...) about the human ability to effectively exercise control of AI — at least in certain contexts. (shrink)

У статті проаналізовані основні соціально-економічні та політичні чинники, що формували передумови та визначали напрями, тенденції та особливості процесу трансформації соціально-економічної структури населення України в перехідний до ринку період. Розглянуто процес майнового розшарування, його наслідки та утворення нової соціально-економічної структури українського суспільства.

У статті розглянуті основні соціально-економічні, правові та інші передумови та фактори, що обумовили історичні особливості формування та розвитку фондового ринку в Україні в 1991-2005 роках. Виокремлені етапи становлення ринку цінних паперів і характерні особливості кожного з них. З історичної точки зору проаналізовані основні тенденції, напрями, особливості та проблеми розвитку фондового ринку України. Розглянуті основні проблеми державного регулювання фондового ринку й формування його нормативно-правової бази в перехідний період.

In the article the problem of the system of urban management in emergency and crisis situations were considered. Composition and functions of the municipal government have been characterized. It was disclosed the concept of "emergency" and "crisis". Typology of crisis and emergency situations include: natural disasters, manmade disasters, sanitary-epidemiological, socio-political and economic crises. Crises have been classified: the reasons of occurrence, in the sphere of manifestation, on the possibilities of forecasting and duration. Typical measures to manage the liquidation of emergency (...) situations in the city have been identified. Principles and steps of the City of crisis management are presented. Analysis was performed operational management experience life support in an emergency situation caused by the fighting. Was justified by the implementation of additional features for managing urban emergency response and overcome the consequences of the social, economic and environmental crisis. Perform additional functions involves restoration of vital facilities of the city, which are damaged by the fighting. Additional features of urban governance provide fault detection of communal, social, engineering, road infrastructure. Function provides an assessment permanently damaged facilities. Function ensures the development of the investment project for restoration of urban infrastructure. Analysis functions provide resource support the restoration project. Functions provide monitoring restoration projects of urban infrastructure. (shrink)

The purpose of the article is to explore and generalize a theoretical and methodical basis for the harmonization of financial and tax accounting of corporate income. The financial and tax accounting are characterized, as well as the necessity to harmonize them. The role of income as an economic category and practical index used in the financial analysis is shown. Three concepts of income as an increase in enterprise's net assets are analyzed. It was determined that a differentiation of concepts is (...) associated with the process of development of the joint-stock form of management. To determine income the methods are presented from the perspective of capital maintenance and from the perspective of its maximization. To obtain the reliable and comparable financial information the paper considers the approaches to accounting the revenues and expenditures on the basis of using relevant principles. The impact of rules of establishing and recognizing revenues and expenditures on the value is assessed that is an essential condition for the harmonization of financial and tax accounting of corporate income. The use of theoretical and methodical approaches to providing the harmonization of financial and tax accounting of corporate income will improve the transparency and publicity of corporate activities. This in turn will make corporations more attractive for potential investors and their activities on securities market more effective. (shrink)

The article explores major milestones in reforming higher education in Ukraine, applying the methodology of case studies. It analyzes political and social conditions that influenced the process of reform. The author pays particular attention to the concept of university autonomy, its development and implementation in Ukraine, considering legal and institutional efforts. The impact and experience of some leading institutions like Kyiv-Mohyla Academy is discussed. The author concludes that the task of ensuring comprehensive university autonomy is of a political nature. This (...) is the only reliable instrument for raising of quality of Ukrainian higher education. (shrink)

У статті розглядаються антропологічні аспекти японського вчення «шляху воїна» (бусідо). Обґрунтовується правомірність історико-філософського підходу до вивчення бусідо як філософської антропології, у центрі якої – тип людини-воїна (homo militans). Проаналізовано основні екзистенціали бусідо – смерть, свобода, служіння.

У статті розглядаються антропологічні аспекти японського вчення «шляху воїна» (бусідо). Обґрунтовується правомірність історико-філософського підходу до вивчення бусідо як філософської антропології, у центрі якої – тип людини-воїна (homo militans). Проаналізовано основні екзистенціали бусідо – смерть, свободу, служіння.

Book review: Christian Conte, Walking Through Anger: A New Design for Confronting Conflict in an Emotionally Charged World. Sounds True, 2019, 232 p.

Book review:Noam Chomsky – Marv Waterstone, Consequences of Capitalism: Manufacturing Discontent and Resistance. Haymarket Books, 2021, 400 p.

Існуюча в рамках традиційного діяльнісного підходу тенденція до зведення всіх відносин людини зі світом до діяльністі при одночасному постулюванні єдності свідомості і діяльності. Свідомість постає тільки як функція відображення і в знач мірі повністю втрачає творчу, породжуючу силу. Споглядання можна визначити як нецільове, неупереджене, безустановочне осягнення дійсності, осягнення нечуттєвих значень, ідей, цінностей та іншого, що має загальне та особистісне значення. В значній мірі описане нами споглядання за своєю сутністю є близьким до Гусерлівського «епохе» як у відмові від усіх попередніх знань (...) і передбачень про світ і про себе. Різниця полягає в тому, що Гусерль визначає «епохе» як метод філософського пізнання. Ми ж визначаємо споглядання як засіб особистісного пізнання світу, гармонізації життя людини і суспільства. Таким чином, активне освоєння-породження ситуації свідомістю розгортається в наступній логіці: споглядання і (або) діяльність-переживання - почуття потреби - проблематизація (постановка питання про виконання дій) - побудова образу ситуації - виділення в образі предметної мети - оцінка доцільності - прийняття рішення - побудова плану дії - перетворення ситуації - досягнення предмета-мети і знову споглядання. Сьогодні стало очевидним, що змісти свідомості в результаті споглядання не менш важливі, ніж адаптивна свідомість, яка заснована на діяльності, а здивування є механізм поєднання двох видів свідомості, здивування - це точка опори для руху до нового. (shrink)

The analysis of UCEPS results obtained during a sociological survey gives grounds to claim that religiosity and the Church are different things for Ukrainian society. First, faith in God does not meet the level of trust in the Church. If 57.8% of our fellow citizens believed themselves to be believers, only 33.7% fully trusted the Church, with less than half being 48%; of the non-believers, only 7.8%. This situation testified to the alienation of society and even believers from the Church (...) itself. (shrink)

Islam in the Ukrainian territory has more than a thousand years of history. The first Muslims who systematically lived or roamed the lands of present-day Ukraine were the steppes. Thus, the burial of the ancestors of modern Ossetian-Apans according to the Muslim rite in the eastern Ukrainian archeologists date from the VII-VIII centuries. Initial knowledge of Islam was also learned from the neighboring Bulgaria. The first written mention of the permanent stay of Muslims in Ukraine dates back to the XI (...) century, when the princes of Kiev had a cavalry of Muslim Pechenegs. Having established itself in Crimea in the XIII century, the Tatar ulus for Khan Uzbekistan officially recognized Islam as the state religion. During the entry of Kievan Rus into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, many Muslim Tatars were brought from Crimea under martial law by order of Prince Vytautas. (shrink)

Over the past decade and a half, not only significant quantitative changes have occurred in the religious environment of Ukraine due to the expansion of the institutional network of religious associations, but also significant qualitative progress in the structure and activities of churches and religious organizations. In particular, the role of religious organizations in the state-making process is becoming more evident every year. Consequently, almost no realm of social existence remains virtually outside the influence of the Church. Religious congregations have (...) been particularly intense lately, demonstrating their intentions to implant themselves in a secular educational process and in the educational sphere of Ukraine as a whole. (shrink)

The problems of the functioning of religion in the countries of the European Union are extremely complex and ambiguous. The EU is primarily political and economic. It is in these areas that active intra-integration processes are observed: introduction of a single currency, single payment system, actual “blurring” of borders between member states, development of the Constitutional Treaty, orientation towards the creation of a common market, a common transport network, harmonization of educational systems, etc.

It is well known that the European cultural space has been developing under the slogan of secularization over the last five centuries. It is social secularization that has become one of the main forces that has shaped the modern image of Europe. Secularization has affirmed the secular spirit inherent in modern man. Therefore, we Europeans now live in a secularized society. This is manifested in the fact that the appeal of citizens to God, the scale of appeals to religious interpretation (...) in finding out different aspects of reality, the participation of religious institutions in solving life's problems of society and personality are significantly reduced. The language of religion and its concepts are increasingly distant from everyday experience. There is less and less mutual space between the life of the modern world and church preaching. According to P. Berger, "the current situation does not contribute to the truth of the authority of religion.". (shrink)

Anton, thirty-two,his profile indicates that he lives with his parents.He's Orthodox, though he never went to church,has a university degree, studied English.He worked as a tattoo artist and had his own style,if you can say that of a tattoo artist.Many locals felthis skillful hands and sharp needle.When it all began, he talked a lotabout politics and history, started attending the demonstrations,picked quarrels with his friends.Friends felt insulted, clients started disappearing.They were afraid, didn't understand, left the city.You feel a person best (...) when you touch him with a needle.A needle stings, a needle sutures. Under its warmmetal you sense the complaisant canvas of women'sskin and the light rigid tarpaulinof men's skin. You penetrate someone'smembrane, you let velvetdrops of blood out of the body, you pierce and pierce and pierceangels’ wings onto the obedient surface of the world.You, tattoo artist, pierce and pierce tattoos, for we are calledto fill this world with sense, fill itwith colors. You, tattoo artist, you pierce thiscover onto our souls and diseases—what we live for and what we die for.Someone told me he was shot at a roadblock,in the morning, he was armed, it happened very quickly—no one really knows what happened.He's buried in a mass grave—they're all buried this way.His personal belongings were returned to his parents.No one has even made any changes to his profile.The time will come when some assholewill write heroic poems about this.The time will come when some assholewill say it's impossible to write about it at all. (shrink)

Decisions in security contexts, including armed conflict, law enforcement, and disaster relief, often need to be taken under circumstances of limited information, stress, and time pressure. Since AI systems are capable of providing a certain amount of relief in such contexts, such systems will become increasingly important, be it as decision-support or decision-making systems. However, given that human life may be at stake in such situations, moral responsibility for such decisions should remain with humans. Hence the idea of “meaningful human (...) control” of intelligent systems. In this opinion paper, we outline generic configurations of control of AI and we present an alternative to human control of AI, namely the inverse idea of having AI control humans, and we discuss the normative consequences of this alternative. (shrink)

The paper addresses the capabilities and limitations of extrafoveal processing during a categorical visual search. Previous research has established that a target could be identified from the very first or without any saccade, suggesting that extrafoveal perception is necessarily involved. However, the limits in complexity defining the processed information are still not clear. We performed four experiments with a gradual increase of stimuli complexity to determine the role of extrafoveal processing in searching for the categorically defined geometric shape. The series (...) of experiments demonstrated a significant role of extrafoveal processing while searching for simple two‐dimensional shapes and its gradual decrease in a condition with more complicated three‐dimensional shapes. The factors of objects’ spatial orientation and distractor homogeneity significantly influenced both reaction time and the number of saccades required to identify a categorically defined target. An analysis of the individual p‐value distributions revealed pronounced individual differences in using extrafoveal analysis and allowed examination of the performance of each particular participant. The condition with the forced prohibition of eye movements enabled us to investigate the efficacy of covert attention in the condition with complicated shapes. Our results indicate that both foveal and extrafoveal processing are simultaneously involved during a categorical search, and the specificity of their interaction is determined by the spatial orientation of objects, type of distractors, the prohibition to use overt attention, and individual characteristics of the participants. (shrink)

The problem of formation and recognition of the Ukrainian Local Orthodox Church has not been considered by clerics of the Churches or believers only as ecclesiastics since its actualization in Ukraine at the beginning of the twentieth century. The objectivity of such an assessment of the question of propriety is borne out by the experience of becoming autocephalous of other local Orthodox Churches - none of them being able to choose their autocephaly only through the implementation of a particular church (...) program. The reason for this state of affairs is the fact that the procedure for obtaining administrative independence of a particular church unit is not written out in Orthodox canons. (shrink)

One of the main vocations of scientific communication is to find points of fruitful theoretical debate - those features of ideas, argumentation, established ideas that can become the source of new intellectual pursuits and conceptual assets. Acceptance of differences of positions, giving impulse to view too commonplace - that served as an impulse for raising the question of the normativity of philosophical discourse.

The need for the axiological determinants of cognition of law to be theoretically justified as a constituent of legal progress that includes the humanization of law makes the problem under the study relevant. The purpose of this article is to distinguish the value determinants of cognition of law. The main methodological approaches used in the study are axiological and anthropological approaches, which allow us to consider law as a valuable constituent of human life, inextricably linked with the human personality. The (...) article reveals that the modern understanding of the term “law” is characterized by axiological and anthropological approaches to its cognition; founds out that the human legal value has an integral-synthesizing character to all other values and, as a result, is embodied in the absolute legal value and inherent worth; establishes that the human dimension of law has become the result and, at the same time, the source of value-legal human understanding, which indicates the value of law and its axiological characteristics. (shrink)

The Council for Education in World Citizenship has been working with Kingston University and the UK National Commission for UNESCO, taking advantage of global information technology developments in order to build new programmes for global citizenship education. The paper reports on practical experience, inviting new network partners. The IST-Africa 2007 conference provided an opportunity to build on these foundations, with initiatives in primary, secondary, further, adult and higher education, and continuing professional development for teachers.

The structural-parametric synthesis of neural networks of deep learning, in particular convolutional neural networks used in image processing, is considered. The classification of modern architectures of convolutional neural networks is given. It is shown that almost every convolutional neural network, depending on its topology, has unique blocks that determine its essential features, Residual block, Inception module, ResNeXt block. It is stated the problem of structural-parametric synthesis of convolutional neural networks, for the solution of which it is proposed to use a (...) genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm is used to effectively overcome a large search space: on the one hand, to generate possible topologies of the convolutional neural network, namely the choice of specific blocks and their locations in the structure of the convolutional neural network, and on the other hand to solve the problem of structural-parametric synthesis of convolutional neural network of selected topology. The most significant parameters of the convolutional neural network are determined. An encoding method is proposed that allows to repre- sent each network structure in the form of a string of fixed length in binary format. After that, several standard genetic operations were identified, i.e. selection, mutation and crossover, which eliminate weak individuals of the previous generation and use them to generate competitive ones. An example of solving this problem is given, a database of patients with thyroid disease was used as a training sample. (shrink)

While artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied for decision-making processes, ethical decisions pose challenges for AI applications. Given that humans cannot always agree on the right thing to do, how would ethical decision-making by AI systems be perceived and how would responsibility be ascribed in human-AI collaboration? In this study, we investigate how the expert type (human vs. AI) and level of expert autonomy (adviser vs. decider) influence trust, perceived responsibility, and reliance. We find that participants consider humans to be (...) more morally trustworthy but less capable than their AI equivalent. This shows in participants’ reliance on AI: AI recommendations and decisions are accepted more often than the human expert’s. However, AI team experts are perceived to be less responsible than humans, while programmers and sellers of AI systems are deemed partially responsible instead. (shrink)

While artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied for decision- making processes, ethical decisions pose challenges for AI applica- tions. Given that humans cannot always agree on the right thing to do, how would ethical decision-making by AI systems be perceived and how would responsibility be ascribed in human-AI collabora- tion? In this study, we investigate how the expert type (human vs. AI) and level of expert autonomy (adviser vs. decider) influence trust, perceived responsibility, and reliance. We find that partici- pants (...) consider humans to be more morally trustworthy but less capable than their AI equivalent. This shows in participants’ re- liance on AI: AI recommendations and decisions are accepted more often than the human expert’s. However, AI team experts are per- ceived to be less responsible than humans, while programmers and sellers of AI systems are deemed partially responsible instead. (shrink)

Interview of Amina Khelufi, Kseniia Myroshnyk and Nataliia Reva with Natalia Viatkina.

Interview with Doctor of Sciences in Philosophy Serhiy Proleyev about comprehension of the historical status of “philosophy in the USSR”.