27 found
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  1.  60
    Responsibility, second opinions and peer-disagreement: ethical and epistemological challenges of using AI in clinical diagnostic contexts.Hendrik Kempt & Saskia K. Nagel - 2022 - Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (4):222-229.
    In this paper, we first classify different types of second opinions and evaluate the ethical and epistemological implications of providing those in a clinical context. Second, we discuss the issue of how artificial intelligent could replace the human cognitive labour of providing such second opinion and find that several AI reach the levels of accuracy and efficiency needed to clarify their use an urgent ethical issue. Third, we outline the normative conditions of how AI may be used as second opinion (...)
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  2.  40
    “I’m afraid I can’t let you do that, Doctor”: meaningful disagreements with AI in medical contexts.Hendrik Kempt, Jan-Christoph Heilinger & Saskia K. Nagel - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-8.
    This paper explores the role and resolution of disagreements between physicians and their diagnostic AI-based decision support systems. With an ever-growing number of applications for these independently operating diagnostic tools, it becomes less and less clear what a physician ought to do in case their diagnosis is in faultless conflict with the results of the DSS. The consequences of such uncertainty can ultimately lead to effects detrimental to the intended purpose of such machines, e.g. by shifting the burden of proof (...)
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  3.  54
    Relative explainability and double standards in medical decision-making: Should medical AI be subjected to higher standards in medical decision-making than doctors?Saskia K. Nagel, Jan-Christoph Heilinger & Hendrik Kempt - 2022 - Ethics and Information Technology 24 (2):20.
    The increased presence of medical AI in clinical use raises the ethical question which standard of explainability is required for an acceptable and responsible implementation of AI-based applications in medical contexts. In this paper, we elaborate on the emerging debate surrounding the standards of explainability for medical AI. For this, we first distinguish several goods explainability is usually considered to contribute to the use of AI in general, and medical AI in specific. Second, we propose to understand the value of (...)
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  4. Too much of a good thing? Enhancement and the burden of self-determination.Saskia K. Nagel - 2010 - Neuroethics 3 (2):109-119.
    There is a remedy available for many of our ailments: Psychopharmacology promises to alleviate unsatisfying memory, bad moods, and low self-esteem. Bioethicists have long discussed the ethical implications of enhancement interventions. However, they have not considered relevant evidence from psychology and economics. The growth in autonomy in many areas of life is publicized as progress for the individual. However, the broadening of areas at one’s disposal together with the increasing individualization of value systems leads to situations in which the range (...)
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  5. Addiction and Moralization: the Role of the Underlying Model of Addiction.Lily E. Frank & Saskia K. Nagel - 2017 - Neuroethics 10 (1):129-139.
    Addiction appears to be a deeply moralized concept. To understand the entwinement of addiction and morality, we briefly discuss the disease model and its alternatives in order to address the following questions: Is the disease model the only path towards a ‘de-moralized’ discourse of addiction? While it is tempting to think that medical language surrounding addiction provides liberation from the moralized language, evidence suggests that this is not necessarily the case. On the other hand non-disease models of addiction may seem (...)
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  6.  24
    Justice and the Normative Standards of Explainability in Healthcare.Saskia K. Nagel, Nils Freyer & Hendrik Kempt - 2022 - Philosophy and Technology 35 (4):1-19.
    Providing healthcare services frequently involves cognitively demanding tasks, including diagnoses and analyses as well as complex decisions about treatments and therapy. From a global perspective, ethically significant inequalities exist between regions where the expert knowledge required for these tasks is scarce or abundant. One possible strategy to diminish such inequalities and increase healthcare opportunities in expert-scarce settings is to provide healthcare solutions involving digital technologies that do not necessarily require the presence of a human expert, e.g., in the form of (...)
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  7.  27
    Where Do You End, and I Begin? How Relationships Confound Advance Directives in the Care of Persons Living with Dementia.David M. Lyreskog, Jason Karlawish & Saskia K. Nagel - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (8):83-85.
    Volume 20, Issue 8, August 2020, Page 83-85.
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  8.  46
    Autonomy Support to Foster Individuals’ Flourishing.Saskia K. Nagel & Peter B. Reiner - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics 13 (6):36-37.
  9.  26
    Digital sovereignty and smart wearables: Three moral calculi for the distribution of legitimate control over the digital.Niël Henk Conradie & Saskia K. Nagel - 2022 - Journal of Responsible Technology 12 (C):100053.
  10.  49
    Socially responsive technologies: toward a co-developmental path.Daniel W. Tigard, Niël H. Conradie & Saskia K. Nagel - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (4):885-893.
    Robotic and artificially intelligent (AI) systems are becoming prevalent in our day-to-day lives. As human interaction is increasingly replaced by human–computer and human–robot interaction (HCI and HRI), we occasionally speak and act as though we are blaming or praising various technological devices. While such responses may arise naturally, they are still unusual. Indeed, for some authors, it is the programmers or users—and not the system itself—that we properly hold responsible in these cases. Furthermore, some argue that since directing blame or (...)
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  11.  35
    When Aid Is a Good Thing: Trusting Relationships as Autonomy Support in Health Care Settings.Saskia K. Nagel - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (10):49-51.
    Decision making in health care contexts is often deeply challenging for the patients, their close ones, and those who care for them. All of them have and perceive different forms of responsibilitie...
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  12.  13
    Autonomy—A Genuinely Gradual Phenomenon.Saskia K. Nagel - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (4):60-61.
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  13.  77
    Neuroethik – Geschichte, Definition und Gegenstandsbereich eines neuen Wissenschaftsgebiets Neuroethics—history, definition, and scope of a new field of science.Sabine Müller, Merlin Bittlinger, Kirsten Brukamp, Markus Christen, Orsolya Friedrich, Malte-C. Gruber, Jon Leefmann, Grischa Merkel, Saskia K. Nagel, Marco Stier & Ralf J. Jox - 2018 - Ethik in der Medizin 30 (2):91-106.
    Fünfzehn Jahre nach ihrer Entstehung ist die Neuroethik ein internationales wissenschaftliches Feld mit enormer Dynamik. Innerhalb weniger Jahre wurden eigene Kongresse, Zeitschriften, Forschungsförderprogramme, Fachgesellschaften und Institute gegründet. Gleichwohl besteht erheblicher Dissens über die Definition und den Gegenstandsbereich dieses neuen Gebiets. Wir argumentieren hier für eine differenzierte Konzeption, wonach neben der Reflexion ethischer Probleme der Neurowissenschaft und ihrer überwiegend neurotechnologischen Anwendungen auch die ethische Reflexion neurowissenschaftlicher Forschung zur Moralität zur Neuroethik gehört. Dies umfasst zwar nicht neurowissenschaftliche oder neuropsychologische Studien zur Moralität, (...)
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  14.  13
    Towards a Conversational Ethics of Large Language Models.Hendrik Kempt, Alon Lavie & Saskia K. Nagel - 2024 - American Philosophical Quarterly 61 (4):339-354.
    Large Language Models are one of the most prominent examples of current uses of AI, and one of the most urgently pursued normative tasks is to make them and their interactive user-interfaces—open-domain chatbots—safe. However, in this paper, we elaborate first on why such a limited view on the permissibility and desirability of their utterances falls conceptually flat, is philosophically insufficient, and leads to severe technological limits. We then propose a positive normative concept, appropriateness, that can provide the required orientation for (...)
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  15.  8
    Shaping Children: Ethical and Social Questions That Arise When Enhancing the Young.Saskia K. Nagel (ed.) - 2019 - Springer Verlag.
    The volume offers a unique collection of articles on pediatric neuroenhancement from an international and multidisciplinary perspective. In recent years, the topic of “neuroenhancement” has become increasingly relevant in academia and practice, as well as among the public. While autonomous adults are free to choose neuroenhancement, in children it presents its own ethical, social, legal, and developmental issues. A plethora of potential enhancement agents are on the market. While the manifold issues surrounding the topic have been extensively discussed, there is (...)
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  16.  21
    No Agent in the Machine: Being Trustworthy and Responsible about AI.Niël Henk Conradie & Saskia K. Nagel - 2024 - Philosophy and Technology 37 (2):1-24.
    Many recent AI policies have been structured under labels that follow a particular trend: national or international guidelines, policies or regulations, such as the EU’s and USA’s ‘Trustworthy AI’ and China’s and India’s adoption of ‘Responsible AI’, use a label that follows the recipe of [agentially loaded notion + ‘AI’]. A result of this branding, even if implicit, is to encourage the application by laypeople of these agentially loaded notions to the AI technologies themselves. Yet, these notions are appropriate only (...)
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  17.  17
    Orchestrating the Powers of the Will: Understanding Motivation Enhancement Through Higher and Lower Order Volitions.David M. Lyreskog & Saskia K. Nagel - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 6 (1):13-15.
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  18.  34
    Predictions in the light of your own action repertoire as a general computational principle.Peter König, Niklas Wilming, Kai Kaspar, Saskia K. Nagel & Selim Onat - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (3):219-220.
    We argue that brains generate predictions only within the constraints of the action repertoire. This makes the computational complexity tractable and fosters a step-by-step parallel development of sensory and motor systems. Hence, it is more of a benefit than a literal constraint and may serve as a universal normative principle to understand sensorimotor coupling and interactions with the world.
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  19.  40
    Self-Perception and Self-Determination in Surveillance Conditions.Saskia K. Nagel & Hartmut Remmers - 2012 - American Journal of Bioethics 12 (9):53-55.
    The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 12, Issue 9, Page 53-55, September 2012.
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  20.  39
    Skillful Use of Technologies of the Extended Mind Illuminate Practical Paths Toward an Ethics of Consciousness.Saskia K. Nagel & Peter B. Reiner - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  21.  19
    A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Assisted Medical Decision-Making.Camilla F. Colombo & Saskia K. Nagel - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 14 (3):241-243.
    Medical decision-making on behalf of intellectually and developmentally disabled (IDD) patients amounts to a critical challenge, one which has been widely discussed by bioethicists, medical, and le...
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  22.  16
    Stimulating More Than the Patient's Brain: Deep Brain Stimulation From a Systems Perspective.Johannes Keyser & Saskia K. Nagel - 2014 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 5 (4):60-62.
    The living man is thus bound within a net of epistemological and ontological premises which—regardless of ultimate truth or falsity—become partially self-validating for him. (Bateson 2000, 314)Epis...
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  23.  6
    Enhancement in Children and Adolescents: Scrutinizing Effects Beyond Cognition.Saskia K. Nagel & William D. Graf - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (1):22-24.
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  24.  23
    The adaptive self: Culture and social flexibility in feedback networks.Daina Crafa & Saskia K. Nagel - 2019 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 42.
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  25.  36
    Modernizing Relationship Therapy through Social Thermoregulation Theory: Evidence, Hypotheses, and Explorations.Hans IJzerman, Emma C. E. Heine, Saskia K. Nagel & Tila M. Pronk - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  26.  14
    Critical Perspective on Dual-Use Technologies and a Plea for Responsibility in Science.Saskia K. Nagel - 2010 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 1 (2):27-28.
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  27.  3
    Introduction.Saskia K. Nagel - 2019 - In Shaping Children: Ethical and Social Questions That Arise When Enhancing the Young. Springer Verlag. pp. 1-8.
    How to best prepare children for life? How to develop settings for childcare and adolescent maturation that support the developing individual within a changing societal context? How to understand and evaluate expectations concerning behaviour and performance in childhood and youth? How to understand what is fruitful for increasing a child’s present and future well-being? How to decide for, and with, children?
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