La pandemia de la COVID-19 evidencia posibilidades, límites y nuevos desafíos para la ciencia abierta. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo contribuir a la comprensión del papel de la ciencia ciudadana, una de las vertientes de la ciencia abierta, en el abordaje de los problemas plantados por la pandemia. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión de literatura especializada y se acometió la identificación y la categorización de estas iniciativas ciudadanas en (...) Brasil durante el periodo del brote de COVID-19. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran un aprendizaje mutuo entre los abordajes de la ciencia ciudadana y las acciones participativas para reducir los riesgos de desastres. Este aprendizaje, por un lado, fortalece el papel de la producción ciudadana de datos, información y conocimiento relevante para la prevención, resiliencia y gestión de estos riesgos; y, por otro lado, dilata el alcance de la ciencia ciudadana para afrontar situaciones de emergencia y desastre, al tiempo que refuerza el carácter situado de este enfoque. [pt] A pandemia da COVID-19 evidencia possibilidades, limites e novos desafios à abertura da ciência. Neste artigo, apresentam-se resultados de pesquisa que objetivou contribuir para o entendimento do papel da ciência cidadã, uma das vertentes da ciência aberta, para lidar com as questões postas pela pandemia. Além de revisão da literatura, o estudo envolveu a identificação e a categorização de iniciativas cidadãs dessa natureza, no Brasil, durante o período de eclosão da COVID-19. Observa-se o aprendizado mútuo entre as abordagens da ciência cidadã e as ações participativas para redução de riscos de desastre. De um lado, fortalece o papel da produção cidadã de dados, informações e conhecimentos relevantes à prevenção, resiliência e gestão desses riscos; e, de outro, alarga o escopo da ciência cidadã para o enfrentamento de situações de emergência e desastre, ao mesmo tempo em que reforça o caráter situado dessa abordagem. (shrink)

We show that previous results from epistemic network models showing the benefits of decreased connectivity in epistemic networks are not robust across changes in parameter values. Our findings motivate discussion about whether and how such models can inform real-world epistemic communities. As we argue, only robust results from epistemic network models should be used to generate advice for the real-world, and, in particular, decreasing connectivity is a robustly poor recommendation.

In this paper, we examine the relationship between general relativity and the theory of Einstein algebras. We show that according to a formal criterion for theoretical equivalence recently proposed by Halvorson and Weatherall, the two are equivalent theories.

A classic result in the foundations of Yang-Mills theory, due to J. W. Barrett ["Holonomy and Path Structures in General Relativity and Yang-Mills Theory." Int. J. Th. Phys. 30, ], establishes that given a "generalized" holonomy map from the space of piece-wise smooth, closed curves based at some point of a manifold to a Lie group, there exists a principal bundle with that group as structure group and a principal connection on that bundle such that the holonomy map corresponds to (...) the holonomies of that connection. Barrett also provided one sense in which this "recovery theorem" yields a unique bundle, up to isomorphism. Here we show that something stronger is true: with an appropriate definition of isomorphism between generalized holonomy maps, there is an equivalence of categories between the category whose objects are generalized holonomy maps on a smooth, connected manifold and whose arrows are holonomy isomorphisms, and the category whose objects are principal connections on principal bundles over a smooth, connected manifold. This result clarifies, and somewhat improves upon, the sense of "unique recovery" in Barrett's theorems; it also makes precise a sense in which there is no loss of structure involved in moving from a principal bundle formulation of Yang-Mills theory to a holonomy, or "loop", formulation. (shrink)

Since Magellan's round-the-world voyage (1521), international issues have been embroiled in universalist claims. This paper investigates the controversial nature of a new economic universalism in the light of the social deficiencies and the limits of the available resources. The model of a global consumerism turns out to be inaccessible for billions of people. The market conceals a social dimension which ethics, equity, governance and identity are attempting to reintroduce. Consumerist universalism is faltering. The search for an alternative development model is (...) crucial. It will need to be technically sustainable, socially more equitable, culturally more diverse and politically more participative. (shrink)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules produced in cells. So far, they have mostly been connected to diseases and pathological conditions. More recent results revealed a somewhat unexpected role of ROS in control of developmental processes. In this review, we elaborate on ROS in development, focussing on their connection to epithelial tissue morphogenesis. After briefly summarising unique characteristics of epithelial cells, we present some characteristic features of ROS species, their production and targets, with a focus on proteins important (...) for epithelial development and function. Finally, we provide examples of regulation of epithelial morphogenesis by ROS, and also of developmental genes that regulate the overall redox status. We conclude by discussing future avenues of research that will further elucidate ROS regulation in epithelial development. (shrink)

Hobbes and Rousseau relied heavily upon the time-worn metaphor of the body politic to describe and explain their respective political visions. But while Rousseau’s use of the metaphor is largely ac...

The principle of homophily says that people associate with other groups of people who are mostly like themselves. Many online communities are structured around groups of socially similar individuals. On Twitter, however, people are exposed to multiple, diverse points of view through the public timeline. The authors captured 30,000 tweets about the shooting of George Tiller, a late-term abortion doctor, and the subsequent conversations among pro-life and pro-choice advocates. They found that replies between like-minded individuals strengthen group identity, whereas replies (...) between different-minded individuals reinforce in-group and out-group affiliation. Their results show that people are exposed to broader viewpoints than they were before but are limited in their ability to engage in meaningful discussion. They conclude with implications for different kinds of social participation on Twitter more generally. (shrink)

Le développement est devenu une préoccupation majeure depuis un demi-siècle. L'idée dominante - confiant à l'État l'impulsion décisive et à la nation une souveraineté ombrageuse - a basculé au profit de la loi du marché et de l'ouverture internationale. Néo-keynésienne ou néo-classique, l'analyse du développement a reçu quatre critiques majeures tenant à la causalité, au processus, à la rationalité et au fonctionnement. Les limites d'une action qui laisse les deux tiers de l'humanité en marge du processus, suscitent l'émergence de nouveaux (...) critères d'équité, de gouvernance, d'éthique ou d'écologie. Les atouts de la communauté francophone s'inscrivent dans une connaissance empirique de cette diversité, elle transparaît dans ses approches universitaites, mais elle manque encore d'un ancrage suffisant pour donner à l'ensemble une vigueur économique de référence et une solidarité effective.Development has been a major topic for the last fifty years. The dominant idea – letting the State provide the decisive impulse for progress and the Nation a prickly form of sovereignty – has shifted in favour of market forces and the international context. Both neo-Keynesian and neo-classical forms of analysis were criticized on four levels : causality, process, rationality and functioning. The limits of a policy which excludes two thirds of humanity have led to new criteria of equity, ethics, governance and ecology arising. The French speaking community has the advantage of possessing good empirical knowledge of diversity which can be seen in the rich and varied approaches of researchers. However this knowledge is not sufficiently anchored to foster strong economic development and effective solidarity in the whole community. (shrink)

To make sense of large data sets, we often look for patterns in how data points are “shaped” in the space of possible measurement outcomes. The emerging field of topological data analysis offers a toolkit for formalizing the process of identifying such shapes. This article aims to discover why and how the resulting analysis should be understood as reflecting significant features of the systems that generated the data. I argue that a particular feature of TDA—its functoriality—is what enables TDA to (...) translate visual intuitions about structure in data into precise, computationally tractable descriptions of real-world systems. (shrink)

Poets are "the institutors of laws, and the founders of civil society, and the inventors of the arts of life, and the teachers who draw into a certain ...

Using results from evolutionary game theory, we analyze the conditions under which guilt can provide individual fitness benefits to actors, and so evolve. In particular, we focus on the individual benefits of guilty apology. We find that guilty apology is more likely to evolve in cases where actors interact repeatedly over long periods of time, where the costs of apology are low or moderate, and where guilt is hard to fake.

This manuscript is intended as a technical supplement to Rosenstock and O'Connor. Calculations are presented for the expected return for strategic players of an iterated prisoner's dilemma which includes guilt-prone grim trigger players, who apologize when they accidentally defect, as well as fake apologizers who in fact act as defectors. See Rosenstock and O'Connor for a discussion of how the results presented here can be interpreted, using ESS analysis and exploring basins of attraction under the replicator dynamics, to help understand (...) the conditions under which guilt can evolve. I hope for this note to both make it easier for others to understand and build on those results, and to demonstrate how expected returns can be calculated for various strategies in various games. (shrink)

Mothers use online resources frequently to obtain information on pregnancy, birth, and parenting. Yet, second-time mothers may have different concerns than first-time mothers given they have a newborn infant and another child at home. The current study conducted an on-line textual analysis of the posts of second-time mothers during pregnancy and the first months postpartum on the BabyCenter LLC website, one of the largest online parenting communities. Latent Dirichlet Allocation analysis on roughly 16,000 posts to BabyCenter birth clubs in 2017 (...) by approximately 4,000 users revealed second-time mothers relied on the online support of the BabyCenter community to share and discuss topics of pregnancy, birth, and child rearing. Second-time mothers also raised questions about preparing their firstborn children for a new baby sibling, how they would care for two children, whether they would love the second one as much as the first, and how the second child would change family dynamics. Future research needs to recognize that second-time mothers may have distinct concerns surrounding the birth of their second baby, and antenatal education and parenting classes may need to be modified to be more inclusive of these women’s needs and perspectives. Online parenting communities offer avenues to support women as they make the transition from one child to two and may provide targeted opportunities to disseminate evidence-based practices that can assist these women and their children. (shrink)

Comparative study on the fundamentals of Advaita Vedanta and Mādhyamika Buddhism.

Epidemiological models directly shape policy responses to public health crises. We argue that they also play a less obvious but important role in solving certain coordination problems and social dilemmas that arise during pandemics. This role is both ethically and epistemically valuable. However, it also gives rise to an underappreciated dilemma, as the features that make models good at solving coordination problems are often at odds with the features that make for a good scientific model. We examine and develop this (...) dilemma in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and suggest extensions to other domains. (shrink)

What is the role of cultural archives in creating and sustaining connections between diasporic communities? Through an analysis of an audiovisual archive that has sought to bring together representations of and by African, Caribbean and Asian people, this article discusses the relationship between diasporic film, knowledge production and feminist solidarity. Focusing on a self-curated, UK-based archive, the June Givanni Pan-African Cinema Archive, we explore the potentiality of archives for carving out spaces of diasporic connectivity and resistance. This archive assembles the (...) holdings of pan-African films and film-related materials, built over several decades by June Givanni, a Guyanese-born London-based film curator. Givanni’s archive embodies her long relationship with the intersecting worlds of African and Asian diasporic cinema, which hold deep connections to Black British heritage through global networks spanning across empire. In the making of this cultural analysis, we employ a co-produced, decolonial methodological approach by designing and producing the article in collaboration with Givanni over a two-year period. We aim to foreground the role of feminist labour (academic and practitioner) as agents of change who are reclaiming stories, voices and memory-making. The wider backdrop to this co-produced analysis is the ongoing resilience of a cultural amnesia that has pervaded the Black British experience and the current fragility of Black arts and cultural spaces in the UK. Our question is how might archives help us map the connections between racialised ideas of belonging, memory politics and the reconfiguration of colonial power whilst also operating as a site of feminist connectivity? (shrink)

El proceso educativo sufrió un drástico cambio debido a la pandemia que padecimos a nivel mundial, tuvimos que aprender a usar las herramientas tecnológicas en la enseñanza y en el aprendizaje. Por lo que siguiendo esta tendencia planteamos la utilización de la aplicación “Física M-Lab” en su primera versión para la enseñanza de la cinemática.Como estamos en el campo de las ciencias sociales, utilizamos el diseño cuasiexperimental que nos permitió concluir en que los aprendizajes mejoraron significativamente.

Scholarly writings on Jaina philosophy and doctrines.

Este artigo é uma reflexão sobre contribuições habermasianas à ética da informação. A questão da ética da informação continua a ser problemática. Ela deve ser coordenada desde que paradigma de relações interculturais? O caráter eurocêntrico das ciências da informação tem sido problematizado, sobretudo em relação aos regimes de verdade que se produzem na ciência e na tecnologia. O que significa a produção de conhecimento e a troca de saberes de caráter emacipatório para a ciência da informação? Embora essa questão não (...) tenha sido abordada diretamente por Habermas, há elementos de sua investigação que podem trazer contribuições relevantes. Em diálogo como González de Gómez, Albagli, Capurro e Floridi oferecemos alguns elementos da reflexão habermasiana ao tema. Os conceitos de aprendizagem comunicativa e liberdade comunicativa podem ter amplo interesse para uma ética intercultural da informação. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Using The Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola as a Basis for a Buddhist-Christian RetreatLen Tischler and Andre Delbecqorigin of the retreatJesuit (Catholic) universities have struggled to preserve their religious worldview and pass it on to their students, faculty, and staff. Given that most faculty and administrators at these universities are laypeople and many are not Catholic, the universities depend largely on their campus mission/ministry offices for this purpose. (...) One of the primary methods of sharing their worldview has been to provide retreats for students.The retreats are introspective with a religious and Jesuit orientation. Most student retreats are conducted over a weekend; some over a full week. Most Jesuit universities get fewer than ten percent of their students to attend one retreat in their four years on campus. Far fewer students attend more than one retreat. These schools also attempt to encourage faculty and staff to attend similar retreats, and participation in these retreats is similarly modest.Retreats have been a primary tool for the formation of Jesuit priests. Their formation program includes taking at least two retreats of twenty-eight to thirty days each. These retreats use the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola, a specific pattern of reflective meditation and introspection over twenty-eight days that leads to greater clarity about one’s life. The Spiritual Exercises are deeply theistic and are focused on the person of Jesus.Jesuit universities have an increasing number of non-Catholics and non-Christians. For most Christians, shorter retreats or spiritually directed meditations based on the Exercises and undertaken over a number of weeks (referred to as the nineteenth annotation form) are the preferred form. However, there have been limited resources for juxtaposing the Ignatian Exercises with non-Christian traditions.With the above in mind, the authors designed a three-day retreat that follows the pattern and purpose of the Exercises for a Christian, but which presents in parallel [End Page 213] meditations and reflections from the Buddhist tradition. (Sarita Tamayo-Moraga, Bo Tep, and Juan Velasco were co-designers of the retreat and co-authors of the manuscript for the retreat.) This allows Ignatian perspectives on the unfolding spiritual journey and Buddhist wisdom to be shared between Christians and Buddhists. To test our design, a first retreat was undertaken by spiritually mature adults with some experience with the interface between Buddhism and Christianity.the retreatThe Spiritual Exercises are published with contemporary commentary in a number of books. Originally written in the early1500s, they have been rewritten or interpreted for modern times. Often both the original commentary by Ignatius and a contemporary interpretation are provided. Since our retreat was only three days, the essence of each section of the Exercises was summarized in a page or so. With the help of three Buddhist teachers (Sarita Tamayo-Moraga, Bo Tep, and Juan Velasco), we then spent the better part of a year meditating with the Ignatian passages and then searching a variety of Buddhist writings for passages that spoke to a similar spiritual challenge within the Buddhist worldview. A manuscript (Andre L. Delbecq, Sarita Tamayo-Moraga, Bo Tep, Len Tischler, and Juan Velasco, Ignatius and the Buddha in Conversation: A Resource for a Religiously Plural Dialog, self-published, 2014) was created that comprised six sections, each containing a summary of the essence of a section from the Exercises followed by the related Buddhist writings. Original artwork related to both traditions was prepared by a talented Zen artist.For the initial retreat we chose people who had a deep background in both traditions with approximately an equal number of Buddhists and Catholics. Since our focus was Jesuit universities, we chose mostly academics, but there were also two executives. Participants were asked to read the manuscript containing the reflections from the Exercises and Buddhist wisdom before the retreat so that they would be familiar with the content. Catholics and some Buddhists also read the Exercises in full. There were twelve participants.The retreat was structured into six parts. Each part began with two thirty-minute meditations, one on the Ignatian Exercises in the corner with the Ignatius icon, the other on the Buddhist quotes in the corner with... (shrink)