20 found
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  1.  45
    (1 other version)Addressees distinguish shared from private information when interpreting questions during interactive conversation.Sarah Brown-Schmidt, Christine Gunlogson & Michael K. Tanenhaus - 2008 - Cognition 107 (3):1122-1134.
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  2.  38
    Real‐Time Investigation of Referential Domains in Unscripted Conversation: A Targeted Language Game Approach.Sarah Brown-Schmidt & Michael K. Tanenhaus - 2008 - Cognitive Science 32 (4):643-684.
    Two experiments examined the restriction of referential domains during unscripted conversation by analyzing the modification and online interpretation of referring expressions. Experiment 1 demonstrated that from the earliest moments of processing, addressees interpreted referring expressions with respect to referential domains constrained by the conversation. Analysis of eye movements during the conversation showed elimination of standard competition effects seen with scripted language. Results from Experiment 2 pinpointed two pragmatic factors responsible for restriction of the referential domains used by speakers to design (...)
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  3.  31
    Information Integration in Modulation of Pragmatic Inferences During Online Language Comprehension.Rachel Ryskin, Chigusa Kurumada & Sarah Brown-Schmidt - 2019 - Cognitive Science 43 (8):e12769.
    Upon hearing a scalar adjective in a definite referring expression such as “the big…,” listeners typically make anticipatory eye movements to an item in a contrast set, such as a big glass in the context of a smaller glass. Recent studies have suggested that this rapid, contrastive interpretation of scalar adjectives is malleable and calibrated to the speaker's pragmatic competence. In a series of eye‐tracking experiments, we explore the nature of the evidence necessary for the modulation of pragmatic inferences in (...)
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  4.  24
    The historical context in conversation: Lexical differentiation and memory for the discourse history.Si On Yoon, Aaron S. Benjamin & Sarah Brown-Schmidt - 2016 - Cognition 154 (C):102-117.
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  5.  39
    Little houses and casas pequeñas: Message formulation and syntactic form in unscripted speech with speakers of English and Spanish.Sarah Brown-Schmidt & Agnieszka E. Konopka - 2008 - Cognition 109 (2):274-280.
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  6.  60
    Memory and Common Ground Processes in Language Use.Sarah Brown-Schmidt & Melissa C. Duff - 2016 - Topics in Cognitive Science 8 (4):722-736.
    During communication, we form assumptions about what our communication partners know and believe. Information that is mutually known between the discourse partners—their common ground—serves as a backdrop for successful communication. Here we present an introduction to the focus of this topic, which is the role of memory in common ground and language use. Two types of questions emerge as central to understanding the relationship between memory and common ground, specifically questions having to do with the representation of common ground in (...)
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  7.  21
    Audience Design in Multiparty Conversation.Si On Yoon & Sarah Brown-Schmidt - 2019 - Cognitive Science 43 (8):e12774.
    How do speakers design what they say in order to communicate effectively with groups of addressees who vary in their background knowledge of the topic at hand? Prior findings indicate that when a speaker addresses a pair of listeners with discrepant knowledge, that speakers Aim Low, designing their utterances for the least knowledgeable of the two addressees. Here, we test the hypothesis that speakers will depart from an Aim Low approach in order to efficiently communicate with larger groups of interacting (...)
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  8.  51
    Ways of looking ahead: Hierarchical planning in language production.Eun-Kyung Lee, Sarah Brown-Schmidt & Duane G. Watson - 2013 - Cognition 129 (3):544-562.
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  9.  13
    Contextual Integration in Multiparty Audience Design.Si On Yoon & Sarah Brown-Schmidt - 2019 - Cognitive Science 43 (12):e12807.
    Communicating with multiple addressees poses a problem for speakers: Each addressee necessarily comes to the conversation with a different perspective—different knowledge, different beliefs, and a distinct physical context. Despite the ubiquity of multiparty conversation in everyday life, little is known about the processes by which speakers design language in multiparty conversation. While prior evidence demonstrates that speakers design utterances to accommodate addressee knowledge in multiparty conversation, it is unknown if and how speakers encode and combine different types of perspective information. (...)
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  10.  31
    Listeners use speaker identity to access representations of spatial perspective during online language comprehension.Rachel A. Ryskin, Ranxiao Frances Wang & Sarah Brown-Schmidt - 2016 - Cognition 147 (C):75-84.
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  11.  57
    Hippocampal contributions to language: Evidence of referential processing deficits in amnesia.Jake Kurczek, Sarah Brown-Schmidt & Melissa Duff - 2013 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 142 (4):1346.
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  12.  31
    The Multiple Perspectives Theory of Mental States in Communication.Daphna Heller & Sarah Brown-Schmidt - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (7):e13322.
    Inspired by early proposals in philosophy, dominant accounts of language posit a central role for mutual knowledge, either encoded directly in common ground, or approximated through other cognitive mechanisms. Using existing empirical evidence from language and memory, we challenge this tradition, arguing that mutual knowledge captures only a subset of the mental states needed to support communication. In a novel theoretical proposal, we argue for a cognitive architecture that includes separate, distinct representations of the self and other, and a cognitive (...)
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  13.  17
    Items Outperform Adjectives in a Computational Model of Binary Semantic Classification.Evgeniia Diachek, Sarah Brown-Schmidt & Sean M. Polyn - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (9):e13336.
    Semantic memory encompasses one's knowledge about the world. Distributional semantic models, which construct vector spaces with embedded words, are a proposed framework for understanding the representational structure of human semantic knowledge. Unlike some classic semantic models, distributional semantic models lack a mechanism for specifying the properties of concepts, which raises questions regarding their utility for a general theory of semantic knowledge. Here, we develop a computational model of a binary semantic classification task, in which participants judged target words for the (...)
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  14.  21
    MEMCONS: How Contemporaneous Note‐Taking Shapes Memory for Conversation.Sarah Brown-Schmidt, Christopher B. Jaeger, Melissa J. Evans & Aaron S. Benjamin - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (4):e13271.
    Written memoranda of conversations, or memcons, provide a near‐contemporaneous record of what was said in conversation, and offer important insights into the activities of high‐profile individuals. We assess the impact of writing a memcon on memory for conversation. Pairs of participants engaged in conversation and were asked to recall the contents of that conversation 1 week later. One participant in each pair memorialized the content of the interaction in a memcon shortly after the conversation. Participants who generated memcons recalled more (...)
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  15.  39
    Priming and alignment: Mechanism or consequence?Sarah Brown-Schmidt & Michael K. Tanenhaus - 2004 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 (2):193-194.
    We agree with Pickering & Garrod's (P&G's) proposal that dialogue is an important empirical and theoretical test bed for models of language processing. However, we offer two cautionary notes. First, the enterprise will require explicit computational models. Second, such models will need to incorporate both joint and separate speaker and hearer commitments in ways that go beyond priming and alignment.
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  16.  17
    The malleability of linguistic representations poses a challenge to the priming-based experimental approach.Rachel Ryskin & Sarah Brown-Schmidt - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40.
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  17.  1
    Partner‐Specific Adaptation in Disfluency Processing.Si On Yoon & Sarah Brown-Schmidt - 2024 - Cognitive Science 48 (8):e13490.
    Speakers tend to produce disfluencies when naming unexpected or complex items; in turn, when perceiving disfluency, listeners tend to expect upcoming reference to items that are unexpected or complex to name. In two experiments, we examined if these disfluency-based expectations are routine, or instead, if they adapt to the way the speaker uses disfluency in the current context in a talker-specific manner. Participants listened to instructions to look at objects in contexts with several images, some of which lacked conventional names. (...)
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  18.  15
    Referential Form and Memory for the Discourse History.Si On Yoon, Aaron S. Benjamin & Sarah Brown-Schmidt - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (4):e12964.
    The way we refer to things in the world is shaped by the immediate physical context as well as the discourse history. But what part of the discourse history is relevant to language use in the present? In four experiments, we combine the study of task‐based conversation with measures of recognition memory to examine the role of physical contextual cues that shape what speakers perceive to be a part of the relevant discourse history. Our studies leverage the differentiation effect, a (...)
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  19.  49
    What is the context of prediction?Si On Yoon & Sarah Brown-Schmidt - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (4):376-377.
    We agree with Pickering & Garrod's (P&G's) claim that theories of language processing must address the interconnection of language production and comprehension. However, we have two concerns: First, the central notion of context when predicting what another person will say is underspecified. Second, it is not clear that P&G's dual-mechanism model captures the data better than a single-mechanism model would.
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  20.  15
    What’s New to You? Preschoolers’ Partner-Specific Online Processing of Disfluency.Si On Yoon, Kyong-sun Jin, Sarah Brown-Schmidt & Cynthia L. Fisher - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Speech disfluencies can signal that a speaker is about to refer to something difficult to name. In two experiments, we found evidence that 4-year-olds, like adults, flexibly interpret a particular partner’s disfluency based on their estimate of that partner’s knowledge, derived from the preceding conversation. In entrainment trials, children established partner-specific shared knowledge of names for tangram pictures with one or two adult interlocutors. In each test trial, an adult named one of two visible tangrams either fluently or disfluently while (...)
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