21 found
Order:
  1.  66
    Risky‐choice framing and rational decision‐making.Sarah A. Fisher & David R. Mandel - 2021 - Philosophy Compass 16 (8):e12763.
    This article surveys the latest research on risky-choice framing effects, focusing on the implications for rational decision-making. An influential program of psychological research suggests that people's judgements and decisions depend on the way in which information is presented, or ‘framed’. In a central choice paradigm, decision-makers seem to adopt different preferences, and different attitudes to risk, depending on whether the options specify the number of people who will be saved or the corresponding number who will die. It is standardly assumed (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  2.  65
    Meaning and framing: the semantic implications of psychological framing effects.Sarah A. Fisher - 2022 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 65 (8):967-990.
    I use the psychological phenomenon of ‘attribute framing’ as a case study for exploring philosophical conceptions of semantics and the semantics-pragmatics divide. Attribute frames are pairs of sentences that use contradictory expressions to predicate the same property of an individual or object. Despite their equivalence, pairs of attribute frames have been observed to induce systematic variability in hearers’ responses. One explanation of such framing effects appeals to the distinct ‘reference point information’ conveyed by alternative frames. Although this information is taken (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  3.  19
    Something AI Should Tell You – The Case for Labelling Synthetic Content.Sarah A. Fisher - forthcoming - Journal of Applied Philosophy.
    Synthetic content, which has been produced by generative artificial intelligence, is beginning to spread through the public sphere. Increasingly, we find ourselves exposed to convincing ‘deepfakes’ and powerful chatbots in our online environments. How should we mitigate the emerging risks to individuals and society? This article argues that labelling synthetic content in public forums is an essential first step. While calls for labelling have already been growing in volume, no principled argument has yet been offered to justify this measure (which (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  4.  57
    Frames, Reasons, and Rationality.Sarah A. Fisher - 2022 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 30 (2):162-173.
    In his recent book, Frame It Again: New Tools for Rational Decision-Making, J. L. Bermúdez argues that it can be rational to evaluate the same thing differently when it is described using alternati...
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  5.  76
    Semantic content and utterance context: a spectrum of approaches.Emma Borg & Sarah A. Fisher - 2021 - In Piotr Stalmaszczyk (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Philosophy of Language. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    It is common in philosophy of language to recognise two different kinds of linguistic meaning: literal or conventional meaning, on the one hand, versus communicated or conveyed meaning, on the other. However, once we recognise these two types of meaning, crucial questions immediately emerge; for instance, exactly which meanings should we treat as the literal (semantic) ones, and exactly which appeals to a context of utterance yield communicated (pragmatic), as opposed to semantic, content? It is these questions and, specifically, how (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  6.  60
    Reassessing truth-evaluability in the Minimalism-Contextualism debate.Sarah A. Fisher - 2019 - Synthese 198 (3):1-18.
    The debate between Semantic Minimalism and Radical Contextualism is standardly characterized as concerning truth-evaluability—specifically, whether or not sentences require rich contextualization in order to express complete, truth-evaluable contents. In this paper, I examine the notion of truth-evaluability, considering which kinds of mappings it might require from worldly states of affairs to truth-values. At one end of the spectrum, an exhaustive notion would require truth-evaluable contents to map all possible states of affairs to truth-values. At the other end, a liberal notion (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  7.  32
    Framing Effects and Fuzzy Traces: ‘Some’ Observations.Sarah A. Fisher - 2022 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 13 (3):719-733.
    Framing effects occur when people respond differently to the same information, just because it is conveyed in different words. For example, in the classic ‘Disease Problem’ introduced by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, people’s choices between alternative interventions depend on whether these are described positively, in terms of the number of people who will be saved, or negatively in terms of the corresponding number who will die. In this paper, I discuss an account of framing effects based on ‘fuzzy-trace theory’. (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  8.  23
    Defining preferences over framed outcomes does not secure agents' rationality.Sarah A. Fisher - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45:e227.
    Bermúdez claims that agents think about framed outcomes, not outcomes themselves; and that seemingly incoherent preferences can be rational, once defined over framed outcomes. However, the agents in his examples know that alternative frames describe the same outcome, neutrally understood. This undermines the restriction of their preferences to framed outcomes and, in turn, the argument for rational framing effects.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  9.  23
    Frame It Again: New Tools for Rational Decision-Making.Sarah A. Fisher - 2022 - Philosophical Quarterly 72 (2):512-514.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  10.  31
    Large language models and their big bullshit potential.Sarah A. Fisher - 2024 - Ethics and Information Technology 26 (4):1-8.
    Newly powerful large language models have burst onto the scene, with applications across a wide range of functions. We can now expect to encounter their outputs at rapidly increasing volumes and frequencies. Some commentators claim that large language models are bullshitting, generating convincing output without regard for the truth. If correct, that would make large language models distinctively dangerous discourse participants. Bullshitters not only undermine the norm of truthfulness (by saying false things) but the normative status of truth itself (by (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  11.  33
    Teaching & learning guide for: Risky‐choice framing and rational decision‐making.Sarah A. Fisher & David R. Mandel - 2021 - Philosophy Compass 16 (12):e12794.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  12.  12
    Moderating Synthetic Content: the Challenge of Generative AI.Sarah A. Fisher, Jeffrey W. Howard & Beatriz Kira - 2024 - Philosophy and Technology 37 (4):1-20.
    Artificially generated content threatens to seriously disrupt the public sphere. Generative AI massively facilitates the production of convincing portrayals of fabricated events. We have already begun to witness the spread of synthetic misinformation, political propaganda, and non-consensual intimate deepfakes. Malicious uses of the new technologies can only be expected to proliferate over time. In the face of this threat, social media platforms must surely act. But how? While it is tempting to think they need new sui generis policies targeting synthetic (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  13.  32
    That's not what you said! Semantic constraints on literal speech.Sarah A. Fisher - 2024 - Mind and Language 39 (5):664-679.
    According to some philosophers, a sentence's semantics can fail to constitute a complete propositional content, imposing mere constraints on such a content. Recently, Daniel Harris has begun developing a formal constraint semantics. He claims that the semantic values of sentences constrain what speakers can literally say with them—and what hearers can know about what was said. However, that claim is undermined by his conception of semantics as the study of a psychological module. I argue instead that semantic constraints should be (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  14.  46
    Description invariance: a rational principle for human agents.Sarah A. Fisher - 2024 - Economics and Philosophy 40 (1):42-54.
    This article refines a foundational tenet of rational choice theory known as the principle of description invariance. Attempts to apply this principle to human agents with imperfect knowledge have paid insufficient attention to two aspects: first, agents’ epistemic situations, i.e. whether and when they recognize alternative descriptions of an object to be equivalent; and second, the individuation of objects of description, i.e. whether and when objects count as the same or different. An important consequence is that many apparent ‘framing effects’ (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  15.  54
    An empirical investigation of intuitions about uptake.Sarah A. Fisher, Kathryn B. Francis & Leo Townsend - 2023 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.
    Since Austin’s introduction of the locutionary-illocutionary-perlocutionary distinction, it has been a matter of debate within speech act theory whether illocutionary acts like promising, warning, refusing and telling require audience ‘uptake’ in order to be performed. Philosophers on different sides of this debate have tried to support their positions by appealing to hypothetical scenarios, designed to elicit intuitive judgements about the role of uptake. However, philosophers’ intuitions appeared to remain deadlocked, while laypeople’s intuitions have not yet been probed. To begin rectifying (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  16.  73
    Correction to: Pain priors, polyeidism, and predictive power: a preliminary investigation into individual differences in ordinary thought about pain.Harriet Wilkinson, Tim V. Salomons, Deepak Ravindran, Richard Harrison, Nat Hansen, Sarah A. Fisher & Emma Borg - 2021 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 44 (1):101-102.
    According to standard philosophical and clinical understandings, pain is an essentially mental phenomenon. In a challenge to this standard conception, a recent burst of empirical work in experimental philosophy, such as that by Justin Sytsma and Kevin Reuter, purports to show that people ordinarily conceive of pain as an essentially bodily phenomenon—specifically, a quality of bodily disturbance. In response to this bodily view, other recent experimental studies have provided evidence that the ordinary concept of pain is more complex than previously (...)
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  17.  44
    Introduction.Emma Borg, Sarah A. Fisher, Nat Hansen, Antonio Scarafone & Marat Shardimgaliev - 2020 - Ratio 33 (4):203-205.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  18.  21
    Semantic content and utterance context : a spectrum of approaches.Emma Borg & Sarah A. Fisher - 2021 - In Piotr Stalmaszczyk (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Philosophy of Language. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    It is common in philosophy of language to recognise two different kinds of linguistic meaning: literal or conventional meaning, on the one hand, versus communicated or conveyed meaning, on the other. However, once we recognise these two types of meaning, crucial questions immediately emerge; for instance, exactly which meanings should we treat as the literal (semantic) ones, and exactly which appeals to a context of utterance yield communicated (pragmatic), as opposed to semantic, content? It is these questions and, specifically, how (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  19.  10
    Semantic content and utterance context : a spectrum of approaches.Emma Borg & Sarah A. Fisher - 2021 - In Piotr Stalmaszczyk (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Philosophy of Language. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    It is common in philosophy of language to recognise two different kinds of linguistic meaning: literal or conventional meaning, on the one hand, versus communicated or conveyed meaning, on the other. However, once we recognise these two types of meaning, crucial questions immediately emerge; for instance, exactly which meanings should we treat as the literal (semantic) ones, and exactly which appeals to a context of utterance yield communicated (pragmatic), as opposed to semantic, content? It is these questions and, specifically, how (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  20.  18
    Correction to: Framing Effects and Fuzzy Traces: ‘Some’ Observations.Sarah A. Fisher - 2022 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 13 (2):525-525.
    A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-021-00565-2.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  21.  34
    Review of 'Frame It Again: New Tools for Rational Decision-Making' by José Luis Bermúdez. [REVIEW]Sarah A. Fisher - forthcoming - Philosophical Quarterly.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark