Online data collection methods are expanding the ease and access of developmental research for researchers and participants alike. While its popularity among developmental scientists has soared during the COVID-19 pandemic, its potential goes beyond just a means for safe, socially distanced data collection. In particular, advances in video conferencing software has enabled researchers to engage in face-to-face interactions with participants from nearly any location at any time. Due to the novelty of these methods, however, many researchers still remain uncertain about (...) the differences in available approaches as well as the validity of online methods more broadly. In this article, we aim to address both issues with a focus on moderated data collected using video-conferencing software. First, we review existing approaches for designing and executing moderated online studies with young children. We also present concrete examples of studies that implemented choice and verbal measures and looking time across both in-person and online moderated data collection methods. Direct comparison of the two methods within each study as well as a meta-analysis of all studies suggest that the results from the two methods are comparable, providing empirical support for the validity of moderated online data collection. Finally, we discuss current limitations of online data collection and possible solutions, as well as its potential to increase the accessibility, diversity, and replicability of developmental science. (shrink)

The role and influence of workplace spirituality on individual and organisational outcomes continue to draw attention among management scholars. Despite this increased attention, extant literature has yielded limited insights particularly into the impact and influence processes of workplace spirituality on performance outcomes at both the individual and unit levels of analysis. Addressing this gap in research, we proposed and tested a multilevel model, underpinned by social cognitive theory, that examines the processes linking perceptions of workplace spirituality and performance outcomes at (...) the individual and organisational level of analysis. Data were obtained from 51 branches of a retail organisation in the United Kingdom. Results from structural equation modelling analysis revealed three salient findings. First, workplace spirituality was positively related to ethical climate, prosocial motivation, and moral judgment. Second, ethical climate partially mediated the relationship between workplace spirituality and prosocial motivation and moral judgment, respectively. Third, aggregated ethical climate significantly relates to branch-level helping behaviour and service performance. (shrink)

Reservoir damage is considered one of the major challenges in the oil and gas industry. Many studies were conducted to understand formation damage mechanisms in borehole wells, but few studies have been conducted to analyze the data to detect the source, causes, and mitigations for each well, where damage has occurred. I investigated and quantified the reasons and mitigation of reservoir damage problem in the middle Miocene reservoir within El Morgan oil field at southern central Gulf of Suez, Egypt. I (...) used integrated production, reservoir, and geological data sets and their history during different operations to assess the reservoir damage in El Morgan-XX well. The collected data include; reservoir rock type, fluid, production, core analysis, rock mineralogy, geology, water chemistry, drilling fluids, perforations depth intervals, workover operations, and stimulation history. The integration of different sets of data gave a robust analysis of reservoir damage causes and helps to suggest suitable remediation. Based on these results, I conclude the following: 1) workover fluid has been confirmed as the primary damage source 2) the reservoir damage mechanisms could be generated by multi-sources including solids and filtrate invasions, fluid/rock interaction, water blockage, salinity chock and high sulfate content of the invaded fluid, 3) Multidata integration lead to appropriate reservoir damage analysis and effective design of the stimulation treatment. Furthermore, minimizing fluid invasion into the reservoir section by managing the overbalance during drilling and workover operations could be very helpful. Fluid types and solids should be considered when design the stimulation treatment and compatibility tests should be performed. Long periods of completion fluid in boreholes are not recommended, particularly if the completion fluid pressure and reservoir pressure are out of balance, as well as the presence of sensitive formation minerals. (shrink)

We have integrated rock mechanics and acoustic experiments, full-wave array acoustic testing, formation microscanner image logging, and hydraulic-fracturing data to evaluate the coupling relationship between current in-situ stress and natural fractures. We used the data of the Yanchang Formation in the DL block of the western Ordos Basin, China, as an example. Our results find that the Yanchang Formation mainly develops high-angle fractures and vertical fractures. Furthermore, the in-situ stress state of the target sandstone strata satisfies [Formula: see text]. Nearly (...) vertical and high-angle fractures are formed in the environment when [Formula: see text] is the maximum principal stress. Therefore, the current in-situ stress state of the target layer matches the induced fractures and natural fractures. As the buried depth increases, the difference between the horizontal maximum and minimum stresses has a tendency to first decrease and then increase, and its conversion depth is approximately 2000 m. Natural fractures are not developed in the distributary bay and the thick sand area in the middle of the main river channel. Natural fractures are mainly developed on the two wings of the main channel, and their horizontal stress is approximately 2–4 MPa lower than the central part of the main channel. We determined a correlation between fractures and sedimentary facies, and we have an important reference value for improving the drilling success rate of tight oil reservoirs. Furthermore, our study provides insights into the prediction of fractures and sweet spots for further exploration and hydraulic fracturing activities in the studied area and elsewhere in continental tight sandstone reservoirs. (shrink)

This study provides a critical discourse analysis of letters of complaint by Jordanian university students. It aims to investigate the rhetorical pattern in these letters and explore the main strategies students use to express their dissatisfaction about certain issues and persuade the addressee to take action. To this end, permissions were obtained to collect data from two universities in Jordan: Jordan University of Science and Technology and World University of Islamic Studies and Education. The data were analyzed both qualitatively and (...) quantitatively through two analytic frameworks within critical discourse analysis : genre analysis to investigate the rhetorical pattern of complaint letters, and discursive analysis to investigate the main strategies of persuasion. These strategies were then categorized according to Aristotle’s means of persuasion: ‘ethos’, ‘logos’ and ‘pathos’. The analysis showed that written complaint was a distinctive genre with distinctive moves. It also revealed that persuasion by means of pathos was more prevalent than the other two types. Socio-cultural values have been shown to be so powerful in Jordanian society even in neutral situations such as academic context. This study will hopefully contribute to the fields of genre analysis and CDA in cross-cultural communication. (shrink)

This paper examines disagreement strategies employed by speakers of Jordanian Spoken Arabic with a view to finding out whether variables like gender and social status affect the linguistic choices and disagreement strategies they employ. The subjects are 28 Jordanian Arabic-speaking students at the University of Jordan. The researchers analyze the students’ interactional recorded responses to a set of stimuli included in an oral discourse completion task prepared for this purpose. The ODCT comprises six scenarios in which the respondent is requested (...) to disagree with two peers, two higher-status interlocutors and two lower-status interlocutors. The findings show that male and female subjects’ disagreement strategies tend to be influenced by the topic under discussion rather than by the gender and status of their interlocutor. However, some topics are found to be more provocative to females than to males. (shrink)

A career in academics entails far beyond teaching. Being an academician is a very good job. The freedom to think creatively and learn is priceless. In addition, an academician working towards a PhD goes through intellectually stimulating experience to be shared. Having a PhD is a must to all academics since the PhD experience is about much more than learning to do deep work in some technical area of expertise and being constructively critical. The key is to figure out ways (...) of moving between the different facets of the job without becoming too crazy. In another aspect, an academician is most likely to encounter his role model in teaching, research and professional service environments which are the platforms in pursuit towards excellence. In fact, these are the three main areas within which a faculty member must demonstrate excellence and achievement in order to be promoted: research, teaching and professional service. Indeed, there may be an array of promotion tracks to fit such different career paths; these tracks may have different requirements for promotion. It is critically important that the junior faculty member be familiar with the requirements of their particular track early in the course of their career. He should find out the relevant requirements and expectations for promotion and be thinking about these matters from an early point in his career, rather than near the end when the promotion clock is ticking. This paper also focuses on the significance of getting a PhD, sharing good lessons and experiences during doctorate training, and giving practical job strategy description and academic solutions for a career roadmap towards excellence. The paper is written from the perspective of the authors, the former who has survived the fast track promotion process from a lecturer to a full professor at quite an early age of 39 years old and the latter having promoted to senior lecturer within five years of tenure. In the earlier section of this paper, it attempts to answer the questions: What is academic excellence and what defines "success" in academic excellence? What is required for promotion? The questions of where young and new academicians are heading to and how do they get there are also highlighted by laying out a general career roadmap academic excellence plan and importantly, present strategies to deal with the potential pitfalls and avoid some of the bumps in the road towards striving for academic excellence. (shrink)

A career in academics entails far beyond teaching. Being an academician is a very good job. The freedom to think creatively and learn is priceless. In addition, an academician working towards a PhD goes through intellectually stimulating experience to be shared. Having a PhD is a must to all academics since the PhD experience is about much more than learning to do deep work in some technical area of expertise and being constructively critical. The key is to figure out ways (...) of moving between the different facets of the job without becoming too crazy. In another aspect, an academician is most likely to encounter his role model in teaching, research and professional service environments which are the platforms in pursuit towards excellence. In fact, these are the three main areas within which a faculty member must demonstrate excellence and achievement in order to be promoted: research, teaching and professional service. Indeed, there may be an array of promotion tracks to fit such different career paths; these tracks may have different requirements for promotion. It is critically important that the junior faculty member be familiar with the requirements of their particular track early in the course of their career. He should find out the relevant requirements and expectations for promotion and be thinking about these matters from an early point in his career, rather than near the end when the promotion clock is ticking. This paper also focuses on the significance of getting a PhD, sharing good lessons and experiences during doctorate training, and giving practical job strategy description and academic solutions for a career roadmap towards excellence. The paper is written from the perspective of the authors, the former who has survived the fast track promotion process from a lecturer to a full professor at quite an early age of 39 years old and the latter having promoted to senior lecturer within five years of tenure. In the earlier section of this paper, it attempts to answer the questions: What is academic excellence and what defines "success" in academic excellence? What is required for promotion? The questions of where young and new academicians are heading to and how do they get there are also highlighted by laying out a general career roadmap academic excellence plan and importantly, present strategies to deal with the potential pitfalls and avoid some of the bumps in the road towards striving for academic excellence. (shrink)

We present a geomechanical analysis of the Ordovician reservoir from the Tinzaouatine field situated in the prolific Illizi Basin, eastern Algeria. The sandstone reservoir has a hydrostatic pore pressure gradient. We analyzed a cumulative of 300 m of acoustic image log data and identified the coexistence of B-quality extensive drilling-induced tensile failures and compressive failures, i.e., breakouts, indicating a mean maximum horizontal stress orientation of N140°E. We used a combined BO and DITF-based solution to estimate horizontal stress magnitudes when the (...) two failure types coexist. Based on the C-quality minifrac measurements, we interpreted the minimum horizontal stress gradient as 17.4–17.47 MPa/km, whereas the new approach indicates an [Formula: see text] range of 17.31–18.67 MPa/km. Using the BO width and DITF-based approaches, we inferred an [Formula: see text] gradient range of 28.37–38.59 MPa/km within the studied reservoir. Based on the relative stress magnitudes, we infer a strike-slip tectonic stress regime in the studied field. (shrink)

High variability in diagenetic strength and rock mechanical properties in interbedded sand and shale necessitates a sustained interest in the study of the dynamic and static rock mechanical behavior and failure modes. We have analyzed the rock mechanical behavior, rupture characteristics, and sequences of the clastic reservoirs of the Xu 5 member, Western Sichuan Depression, China. The results indicate that the Xu 5 shale can produce longer plastic creep behavior than tight sandstone at the same load rate. This causes greater (...) stresses to build up inside the shale than in adjacent sandstone formations. The average internal friction angle of sandstone is 43°, whereas the average internal friction angle of shale is 33°. The failure modes of the Xu 5 member sandstone are mainly brittle-tensile failure and brittle X-type shear failure. We observed that the tensile rupture is dominant, accounting for approximately 75.2%. Shale failure forms mainly include plastic-tensile failure and X-type shear failure, in which shear failure accounts for approximately 67.9%. The sequence of failures of similar clastic reservoirs is generally tensile failure or tensile-shear failure to extension failure. We found that the Xu 5 shale has high plasticity, and the stress conditions required for its failure are higher and more complicated. In addition, our test results indicate that, for the same lithology, the tensile failure is the initial rupture rather than shear failure. (shrink)

This volume examines whether the Arab Uprisings introduce a replica of the European Enlightenment or rather stimulate an Arab/Islamic Awakening with its own cultural specificity and political philosophy. By placing Immanuel Kant in Tahrir Square, Cairo, this book adopts a comparative analysis of two enlightenment projects: one Arab, still under construction, with possible progression toward modernity or regression toward neo-authoritarianism, and one European, shaped by the past two centuries.

The purpose of this essay is to present the critique of Hegelian universalism carried out by Franz Fanon’s concept of the zone of non-being, by Enrique Dussel’s zone of the exteriority and by Paulo Freire’s pedagogy of the oppressed. The reading of the Hegelian dialectic operated by the three thinkers helps to understand the substratum of thought that guided the European conception of freedom inscribed in the field of political practice, locating it in time and space. In addition, his proposals (...) for “decolonization of dialectics” renew the imagination and philosophical-political praxis of countries subordinated by the context of power relations in the modern/colonial world, in search of other symbolic-epistemic references necessary for the social transformation of the reality of inequalities of the Latin American continent. The gesture of the three thinkers opens the philosophical text or, more specifically, Hegelian thought, to an infinite, non-totalizable dialogue, to a critique of the metaphysical and/or ontological closure of knowledge, its universalization. (shrink)

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the major players operating on Al‐Saha Al‐Siyasia online community, which is by far the most widely spread political online community in Saudi Arabia receiving 20 million page views per month.Design/methodology/approachIn addition to using “focused” silent observation to observe Al‐Saha Al‐Siyasia over a period of three months and thematic content analysis to examine 2,000 topics posted to Al‐Saha Al‐Siyasia during the period of May‐June 2007, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 15 key informants to (...) report their perceptions regarding Islamic fundamentalists, extremists and liberals, etc. on their forum.FindingsThe results of this study indicate that there are three main players operating in Al‐Saha Al‐Siyasia: Islamic fundamentalists, extremists, and liberals. Islamic fundamentalists who are the vast majority on this community use the forum as a medium to promote their image and defend their way of practising the religion. Extremists on the other hand, although their numbers in the forum are very small, use the forum as a medium to establish their credibility and the grounds for their actions. Finally, the liberals use the forum to communicate with the public, and advocate their plans for social reform, invite people to adopt a less strict version of Islam and adopt secularism as a way of life.Originality/valueThis paper continues the first comprehensive descriptive study of the size and influence of the Islamic fundamentalists, extremists, and liberals in their activities as online communities. (shrink)