The Thrace Basin that is located in northwestern Turkey contains sandstone and carbonate reservoirs of Eocene and Oligocene age. Production and exploration activities are still underway. Mapping undrained sweet spots from seismic data is currently a challenge, so time lapse seismic is used to reduce the risk for new production and development drilling. We have evaluated the normalization and amplitude variation with offset analysis of 3D-4D land seismic data in a gas producing field from which baseline and monitor surveys were (...) acquired in 2002 and 2011, respectively. Through AVO analysis, intercept and gradient analysis was conducted, and fluid factor attribute maps were generated for the assessment of the remaining potential areas. Synthetic gathers were created for simulation of the AVO response, drained and undrained stages and compared with the corresponding 4D seismic data. The drainage of gas from the reservoir interval is evident from the difference maps between 2002 and 2011 seismic data. Both data sets were processed using an amplitude friendly processing sequence. This parallel processing was followed a mild data conditioning and crossequalization for reliable 4D interpretation. The 4D seismic data, especially land data, has low repeatability and requires conditioning to reduce the 4D noise. The 4D noise can be described as nonrepeatable noise, and any difference outside the reservoir zone is not related to production. A so-called crossequalization was applied to the base and the monitor data to bring out similarities so that they cancel out when differences of seismic data and its attributes indicated only the production results over the reservoir zones. As the available 4D data crossequalization software was implemented for stack data only, we created angle band stacks and crossequalized each angle band stack from the base and the monitor data cubes. Five angle band stacks from the base and the monitor prestack data cubes 0°–55° were crossequalized individually. The crossequalized angle band stacks were used in AVO analysis and AVO inversion to generate pore fill identifiers such as FF to map possible undrained zones after 10 years of production. (shrink)
Background:The performance of nurses has become vital in hospitals. Some studies have suggested that nurses’ perceptions of the ethical climate in their hospitals are related to higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment and in turn lessen the issue of nursing shortage.Hypothesis: The ethical climate types “caring,” “independent,” “law and code,” and “rules” have a significant positive impact on overall job satisfaction. The ethical climate types and overall job satisfaction have significant positive influences on normative and affective and significant negative influences (...) on continuance commitment.Research design:The study uses path analysis to understand which types of ethical climate impact overall job satisfaction. It also tries to find the effect of different types of ethical climate and overall job satisfaction on the components of organizational commitment. The relationships between variables were evaluated using factor analysis, reliability, descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression in this study.Participants and research context:A total of 171 useful questionnaires were collected from nurses working in public and private hospitals in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Ethical considerations:Formal research approval was obtained from the administration of each study hospital. Questionnaires with a cover letter were mailed to the hospitals that agreed to participate in the study. In the cover letter, the researchers explained the study purpose, encouraged nurses’ voluntary participation, and guaranteed the anonymity of participants.Findings:In the first path analyses, “rules” and “caring” climates significantly and positively affected overall job satisfaction. In the second one, while overall job satisfaction and “rules” climate significantly influenced normative commitment, “caring” climate and overall job satisfaction significantly affected affective commitment.Discussion:The findings of the study have been convenient with the literature.Conclusion:Public and private hospitals can enhance overall job satisfaction and organizational commitment by altering the ethical climate of organizations. Hospital administrations should nurture caring and rule types of ethical climate which influence overall satisfaction. By this way, they could reduce nursing shortage. (shrink)
RÉSUMÉ : Dans cet article, je réévalue les arguments pour et contre certaines thèses concernant la connaissance d’ordre supérieur afin d’évaluer leur portée réelle sur les principes d’introspection positive et négative. Je défends l’idée que la locution «savoir que l’on sait» possède au moins deux interprétations notoires : l’une, plus courante, dite «transparentiste», valide le principe d’introspection positive et l’autre, moins courante, dite «agrippéenne», endosse certaines critiques de ce principe. ABSTRACT: In this paper, I revisit arguments for and against (...) various theses concerning higher-order knowledge in order to fully gauge their impact on the principles of positive and negative introspection. I argue that the expression “knowing that one knows” has at least two salient understandings: the more common one, labelled “transparentist”, validates the principle of positive introspection, while the other which is less common, labelled “agrippean”, supports some of the arguments against this principle. (shrink)
Anatolia is a very colorful geography in terms of history and culture, which has hosted many civilizations. He also has a very rich accumulation in terms of religion and Sufism. With the spread of Islam in Anatolia, the dervish lodges, which added a different color to social life besides mosques and madrasas, left permanent traces in the fields of art and literatüre as well as morality and spirituality with the efforts of mytics. Diwans, especially written in the field of Sufi (...) literatüre, are the most obvious fruits of this effort. Turkish and Kurdish Diwans were added to the Sufi Divans, which were generally written in Persian and Arabic. In the first quarter of the twentieth century, Sheikh Mustafa al-Abrî, who was a sheikh in the Sayyid Ayn al-Malak Lodge in Abri willage of Bulanık district of Muş, is one of the mystics who wrote Diwan in Kurdish. Sayyid Mustafa al-Abrî, who is the Qadirî sheikh, included important social and political events of his time and some influential personalities in his Diwan, besides mystical themes. In this article, his life and his Kurdish Diwan, will be examined. (shrink)
