PurposeThis paper scrutinizes the impact of socioeconomic, political, legal and religious factors on the internal ethical values of human rights organizations worldwide. The authors aim to examine the Code of Ethics for 279 HROs in 67 countries and the social and legal settings in which they operate.Design/methodology/approachUsing the framework of protect, respect and remedy, the authors look for keywords that represent the human rights lexicon in these three areas. In the protection of human rights, the authors select the terms: peace, (...) transparency, freedom and security. For the respect of humans, the authors use the terms: dignity, equality, respect and rights. Sources of remedies come from justice and ethics. The analysis seeks to determine what political economy settings drive the ethical value choices of the organizations. Those choices are proxied by those keywords they mention in their Code of Ethics.FindingsThe analysis show that the scope of ethical values mentioned are higher when the HRO is in a country with more domestic violence, lower income inequality, French civil or Islamic legal origin and higher trust in politicians. In regard to the determinants of the ten keywords individually, the authors conclude that the status of the socioeconomic, political, religious and legal settings impact with local HROs mention each of the keywords: peace, justice, transparency, dignity, equality, ethics, respect, freedom, security and rights.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis is based on HROs that have a webpage in English and list the employee Code of Conduct.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine the Code of Ethics for HROs. The authors demonstrate that country-specific characteristics help to drive their internal ethical values. (shrink)

Disclosure of health information is a sensitive matter, particularly in the context of serious illness. In conservative societies—those which predominate in the developing world—direct truth disclosure undoubtedly presents an ethical conundrum to the modern physician. The aim of this study is to explore the truth disclosure practices of physicians in Jordan, a developing country. In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 240 physicians were initially selected by stratified random sampling. The sample was drawn from four major hospitals in Amman, Jordan. A closed-ended (...) questionnaire was distributed and completed by self-report. A total of 164 physicians completed the questionnaire. Thirty-seven physicians usually withheld the diagnosis of “serious illness” from patients, while 127 physicians usually divulged the information directly. Among the latter, 108 physicians made exceptions to their disclosure policy. Specialists were more likely to withhold health information. Non-disclosure was primarily motivated by request from the patient’s family. In twenty cases, non-disclosure was undertaken independently. In conclusion, most respondents opt to disclose the truth; however, the vast majority of these respondents make exceptions. Instances of non-disclosure are primarily motivated by sociocultural constructs. (shrink)

The Arabic original of the ninth-century Kitāb al-Nawāmīs has not been discovered, save for three incomplete chapters. We have access to a fuller version only through a Latin translation, often known as the Liber vaccae, a title derived from its notorious experiments which involve the gruesome slaughter and mutilation of a cow to magically produce a rational animal or bees. Recent research on the Liber vaccae has focused mostly on its reception in medieval and early modern Europe. By contrast, the (...) present article explores the Indo-Arabic tradition to which Kitāb al-Nawāmīs belongs, as a re-orientation of the Liber vaccae established on two levels: textual and theoretical. Section I, on 'Texts and Practices', introduces ʿUyūn al-ḥaqāʾiq of Abū al-Qāsim al-ʿIrāqī, a text on magical practices which contains 26 chapters that correspond to sections in the Liber vaccae, affording us a glance into the Arabic reception of Kitāb al-Nawāmīs and bringing us closer to the Arabic original. The textual connection is established further by highlighting parallels between the experiments of the Liber vaccae / Kitāb al-Nawāmīs and other texts on natural magic, namely Ghāyat al-ḥakīm of Maslama al-Qurṭubī and Kitāb al-Sumūm by Ibn Waḥshiyya. Section II investigates the theoretical bases of the Liber vaccae / Kitāb al-Nawāmīs, by associating its content with the theories of spontaneous and artificial generation in Kitāb al-Tajmīʿ attributed to Jābir ibn Hayyān, Ghāyat al-ḥakīm, Kitāb al-Sumūm and, finally, another work by Ibn Waḥshiyya, al-Filāḥa al-nabaṭiyya. Jābir's and al-Qurṭubī's works have been studied in relation to the Liber vaccae by David Pingree, Maaike Van der Lugt, Sophie Page and William Newman; their findings are re-evaluated here in light of the texts of Ibn Waḥshiyya and al-ʿIrāqī. (shrink)

With the mobility and ease of connection, wireless sensor networks have played a significant role in communication over the last few years, making them a significant data carrier across networks. Additional security, lower latency, and dependable standards and communication capability are required for future-generation systems such as millimeter-wave LANs, broadband wireless access schemes, and 5G/6G networks, among other things. Effectual congestion control is regarded as of the essential aspects of 5G/6G technology. It permits operators to run many network illustrations on (...) a single organization while maintaining higher service quality. A sophisticated decision-making system for arriving network traffic is necessary to confirm load balancing, limit network slice letdown, and supply alternative slices in slice letdown or congestion. Because of the massive amount of data being generated, artificial intelligence and machine learning play a vital role in reconfiguring and improving a 5G/6G wireless network. In this research work, a hybrid deep learning method is being applied to forecast optimal congestion improvement in the wireless sensors of 5G/6G IoT networks. This proposed model is applied to a training dataset to govern the congestion in a 5G/6G network. The proposed approach provided promising results, with 0.933 accuracy, and 0.067 miss rate. (shrink)

_Islamicate Occult Sciences in Theory and Practice_ presents the latest research on Islamic occult sciences from a variety of disciplinary perspectives, namely intellectual history, manuscript studies and material culture.

There are two types of stock price manipulation examined in the theoretical literature: insider trading, which involves private information that is true and the public spreading of fraudulent false information. While there is a large empirical literature on insider trading, this is the first empirical article to examine the impact of false, fraudulent public information on stock prices and trading volume. We find that such false information, even after being denied by a credible source such as the SEC, generates both (...) abnormal returns and abnormal trading volume. We also find that the effects of the false information on security returns and volume can be persistent for at least 2 weeks. In addition, we show that perpetrators of false news attacks can make potentially large profits from such market manipulations. (shrink)

The adoption of mobile payment and mobile banking is low in several countries, despite its associated benefits. The present study examines the impact of Pakistani consumers’ financial skills and digital literacy on their intention to adopt m-payment/m-banking using the Technology Acceptance Model. The data were collected from 454 individual smartphone users residing in Punjab province via an online and offline questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the consumers’ data. The results endorse that their financial skills have no (...) association with intention to adopt but through perceived usefulness; their digital literacy bridges a strong association with intention and through perceived ease of use. Furthermore, this study discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings, as well as limitations and future directions. (shrink)

In this commentary we describe the interplay between 1) contemporary popular and professional understandings of “risk” and “normality” in health and healthcare, and 2) the promotion by state and market forces of individual self-regulation of health. We draw upon the work of critical theorists who have described the relationship between risk, fear, and the notion of “normal” in health discourse to argue that these factors act, primarily via the popular media, to shape the discourse on, and overuse of, diagnostic tests (...) in Canada. (shrink)

In this commentary we describe the interplay between 1) contemporary popular and professional understandings of “risk” and “normality” in health and healthcare, and 2) the promotion by state and market forces of individual self-regulation of health. We draw upon the work of critical theorists who have described the relationship between risk, fear, and the notion of “normal” in health discourse to argue that these factors act, primarily via the popular media, to shape the discourse on, and overuse of, diagnostic tests (...) in Canada. (shrink)

Based on the Lotka–Volterra system, a pest-natural enemy model with nonlinear feedback control as well as nonlinear action threshold is introduced. The model characterizes the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures when the pest density reaches the nonlinear action threshold level depending on the pest density and its change rate. The mortality rate of the pest is a saturation function that strictly depends on their density while the release of natural enemies is also a nonlinear pulse term depending on (...) the density of real-time natural enemies. The exact impulsive and phase sets are given. The definition and properties of the Poincaré map corresponding to the pulse points on the phase set are provided. We investigate the existence and stability of boundary and interior order-1 periodic solution. The theoretical analysis developed in the present paper combined with nonlinear controlling measures as well as nonlinear action threshold methods and techniques laid the foundation for the establishment and analysis of other state-dependent feedback control models. (shrink)

Journal of Philosophy of Education, EarlyView.

In this empirical study, we present two new models that are corporate ethics based. The first model numerically quantifies the corporate value index (CV-Index) based on a set of predefined parameters and the second model estimates the market-to-book values of equity in relation to the CV-Index as well as other parameters. These models were applied to Canadian companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). Through our analysis, we found statistically significant evidence that corporate values (CV-Index) positively correlated with firm (...) performance. The results are even more significant for firms with low market-to-book values. Our empirical findings suggest that corporate ethics is vital for management, employees, shareholders, stakeholders, and the community at large. In addition, we have tested and confirmed five hypotheses that are used to illustrate corporate ethics behavior and performance. (shrink)

Internet-of-Things (IoT) creates a significant impact in spectrum sensing, information retrieval, medical analysis, traffic management, etc. These applications require continuous information to perform a specific task. At the time, various intermediate attacks such as jamming, priority violation attacks, and spectrum poisoning attacks affect communication because of the open nature of wireless communication. These attacks create security and privacy issues while making data communication. Therefore, a new method autoencoder deep neural network (AENN) is developed by considering exploratory, evasion, causative, and priority (...) violation attack. The created method classifies the transmission outcomes used to predict the transmission state, whether it is jam data transmission or sensing data. After that, the sensing data is applied for network training that predicts the intermediate attacks. In addition to this, the channel access algorithm is used to validate the channel for every access that minimizes unauthorized access. After validating the channel according to the neural network, data have been transmitted over the network. The defined process is implemented, and the system minimizes different attacks on various levels of energy consumption. The effectiveness of the system is implemented using TensorFlow, and the system ensures the 99.02% of detection rate when compared with other techniques. (shrink)

Exposure of the banking system to the Global Financial Crisis attracted attention to the study of riskiness and spillover. This paper studies the pattern of systemic risk and size effect in the Indian banking sector. Based on market capitalization, three public sector banks and three from the private sector were taken. Data are taken from the year 2007 to 2020. The analysis is done through quantile- CoVaR and TENET measure. State variables like Indian market volatility and global risk measures negatively (...) influence the Indian banks’ returns. Liquidity risk is a crucial aspect of private banks. Public banks experience public confidence even in the distress period. Large banks like HDFC and SBI bank offer the highest degree of systemic risk contribution. The role of private banks in transmitting systemic risk has been intensifying since 2015. Small-sized banks like PNB and BOB have become significant receivers and transmitters of risk. (shrink)

Background and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to draw the attention toward the implications of COVID-19 and the related restrictions imposed worldwide especially in Pakistan. The primary objective was to highlight the levels of psychological distress, anxiety, family violence, suicidality, and well-being due to COVID-19 and the secondary objective was to associate it to social demographic factors.Materials and MethodsIt is designed as a cross-sectional study by employing an online questionnaire in the English language and obtaining responses using a snowball (...) sampling technique. We used three validated measures including Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder index and World Health Organization Well-Being Index.ResultsA sample of 420 participants was recruited from across Pakistan, with most participants were females, students and belonging to Punjab. Nearly one-fourth of the participants scored above the minimum value set for moderate or high psychological distress. There was a higher prevalence of distress among females and resident of province Punjab. The majority of individuals reported that they were living with their family and more than half were neutral regarding their satisfaction with their living conditions. 40.5% believed that the lockdown has had a negative impact on their mental health. 31.4% have reported that they themselves have experienced abuse from a family member. 48.6% scored high on the GAD-7 scale and low wellbeing score was found among 80.2%. Students were found to be more vulnerable to mental illness and anxiety.ConclusionWith the lockdown restrictions, psychosocial distress has become prevalent in Pakistan. (shrink)

Tax payments stimulate business enterprises to choose tax management through tax avoidance activities, which is the legal practice to reduce the amount of tax payable. In developing economies, taxation is considered more critical for budget and revenues of a country. This paper investigates whether various business strategies influence corporate tax avoidance decisions of firms by adopting business strategies. Besides, it explores how gender diversity can ease this relationship. This study has chosen a sample of organizations from non-financial sector in Pakistan. (...) The time frame is 5 years, including once a year. The present model employed a generalized moment method and tested the proposed hypothesis to draw the results. The study has taken the size, leverage, and business profitability as control variables of firms. The study outcomes by using the GMM method demonstrate that the presence of female directors reduces tax avoidance behavior in prospector companies. This study provides insight into future research for stakeholders, government officials, tax authorities, and policymakers. The findings offer valuable recommendations and practical insights and implications. The findings provide future directions for research to test different frameworks to attain beneficial results to promote the responsibility of tax payment culture. (shrink)

Health Level 7 (HL7) is an international standards development organisation in the domain of healthcare information technology. Initially the mission of HL7 was to enable data exchange via the creation of syntactic standards which supported point-to-point messaging. Currently HL7 sees its mission as one of creating standards for semantic interoperability in healthcare IT on the basis of its flagship “version 3” (v3). Unfortunately, v3 has been plagued by quality and consistency issues, and it has not been able to keep pace (...) with recent developments either in semantics and ontology or in computer science and engineering. HL7’s response has been to develop its “Services-Aware Interoperability Framework” (SAIF), which is intended to provide a foundation for work on all aspects of standardization in HL7 henceforth. We here summarise the major design principles that must be satisfied by a semantic interoperability framework – principles relating both to static semantics and to computational behaviour. We then assess the SAIF in light of these principles. We conclude that the SAIF is not in a position to support the needed reform of the HL7 v3 family of standards. (shrink)

Değerli okuyucularımız, Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi’nin 24. Cilt 1. Sayısına hoşgeldi-niz. Bu sayımızla birlikte 23 yılı geride bırakmanın gururunu ve mutluluğunu yaşıyoruz. Akademi dünyasında değerli bilimsel çalışmalar yapmak kadar yapılan çalışmaları geniş bir okuyucu kitlesine ulaştırmak da önemlidir. Günümüzde neredeyse tüm bilimsel birikime online erişim vasıtasıyla ulaşmak mümkündür. Türkiye’de din bilimleri alanında yapılan araştırmalar da kütüphanelerin sınırlarını aşıp tüm dünyaya ulaşmayı hak etmekte-dir. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi sahip olduğu format ve yayın ilkeleriyle uluslararası yayın kriterlerini karşılayarak son beş yılda çok hızlı bir (...) ivme kazanmış ve ilim dünyasının dikka-tini çekmeyi başarmıştır. Dergimiz bünyesinde geliştirilen İsnad Atıf Sistemi ve dergimizin öncülüğünde gerçekleştirilen çalıştaylar ile de İlahiyat Alan Dergilerine örneklik teşkil et-mektedir. Bu anlamda dergimizin hem yeni bir ekol oluşturduğunu hem de yazarlarımızdan aldığımız çok sayıda olumlu geri bildirimlere dayanarak akademik yayıncılığın kalitesini artıran bir okul vazifesi gördüğünü söylemek mümkündür. Dergimizin yeni sayısının yayınlanması vesilesi ile sizlerle iki güzel haberi paylaş-maktan mutluluk duyuyoruz. İlki Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Scopus’ta taranan Türkiye menşeili ilahiyat dergileri arasında uluslararası atıf puanı ile 1. Sıraya yükselmiştir. Şu anda ilgili Indexte Türkiye menşeili üç ilahiyat dergisi bulunmaktadır. İkinci olarak ESCI indekste yer alan Dergimizin Web of Science tarafından izlenmesine devam edilmektedir. Yaklaşık iki yıldır süren izleme sürecinin sonunda dergimizin AHCI veya SSCI indekslere kabul edilme durumu bu yılın sonuna kadar sonuçlanacaktır. Web of Science temsilcileriyle görüşmele-rimiz ve dergi olarak akademik, etik ve teknik her türlü gerekliliği yerine getirmiş olmamız nedeni ile olumlu bir sonuç beklemekteyiz. 15 Haziran ve 15 Aralık’ta olmak üzere yılda 2 sayı ve 1 özel sayı yayınlamayı mis-yon edinmiş olan dergimiz yeni yayın döneminde de yoğun bir ilgiye mazhar olmuştur. 1ocak – 15 Mart 2020 döneminde Din Bilimlerinin birçok alanından 86 makale değerlendi-rilmek üzere dergimize ulaşmıştır. Yayın ilkelerimiz ve İsnad Atıf Sistemi gözönünde bulun-durularak gerçekleştirilen ön kontrolden sonra makaleler intihal tespit programı kullanıla-rak kontrol edilmiştir. Ön kotrolü tamamlanan ve benzerlik oranı %15’in altında olan maka-leler hakem değerlendirme sürecine gönderilmiştir. Bu sayımızda, söz konusu 86 çalışma içinden ön değerlendirme ve intihal taramasın-dan geçen, hakemlerimizin de akademik içerik açısından yayımlanmasını uygun bulduğu 25 orijinal araştırma makalesi sizlerin dikkatine sunulmuştur. Ayrıca bu sayımızda hakem süreci tamamlanan 14 makale Dergi Yayın Kurulumuz tarafından Aralık sayımızda yayın-lanmak üzere kabul edilmiştir. 15 Haziran 2020 itibariyle dergimizi tarayan ulusal ve uluslararası indeksler hakkın-da da sizlere bilgi sunmak istiyoruz. Dergimizi tarayan başlıca indeksler ve taramaya başla-ma tarihleri şöyledir: WORLDCAT (Başlangıç: 15/12/1996) ULAKBİM TR DİZİN (Kabul: 13/11/2015; 2012 Yılı 16. Cilt 1. Sayıdan itibaren) CROSSREF DOI (Başlangıç: 15/06/2014) OAJI / Open Academic Journals Index (Kabul: 08/08/2015) SHERPA/RoMEO (Kabul: 21/08/2015) INDEX COPERNICUS INTERNATIONAL (Kabul: 08/12/2015) OPENAIRE (Başlangıç: 15/12/2015) ERIH PLUS: The European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Scien-ces (Kabul: 25/03/2016) TEI: Türk Eğitim İndeksi (Kabul: 20/04/2015) DRJI: Directory of Research Journals Indexing (Kabul: 25/04/2016) ESJI: Eurasian Scientific Journal Index (Kabul: 29/04/2016) SIS: Scientific Indexing Services (Kabul: 04/05/2016) SAIF / Scholar Article Impact Factor (Kabul: 05/05/2016) SOBIAD: Sosyal Bilimler Atıf Dizini (Kabul: 07/05/2016) ATLA RDB©: ATLA Religion Database© - EBSCO (Başlangıç: 20/05/2016) PKP INDEX: Public Knowledge Project Index (Kabul: 09/06/2016) ASOS: Academia Social Science Index (Kabul: 15/06/2016) BROWZINE Academic Journal Collections (Kabul: 07/07/2016) J-GATE: E-Journal Gateway (Kabul / Accepted: 07/07/2016) ROAD: Directory Of Open Access Scholarly Resources (Kabul: 24/08/2016) DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals (Kabul: 02/09/2016) MLA International Bibliography -EBSCO ve ProQuest (Başlangıç: 14/06/2016) İDEALONLİNE: Türkçe Online Kütüphane (Kabul: 21/09/2016) CEEOL: Central and Eastern European Online Library (Kabul: 06/10/2016) EBSCO Humanities International Index (Başlangıç: 07/01/2016) EBSCO Humanities Source Ultimate (Başlangıç: 07/01/2016) RESEARCH BIB: Academic Resource Index (Kabul: 25/01/2017) CORE Database (Kabul: 30/01/2017) PHILPAPERS: Bibliography of Philosophy (Kabul: 01/02/2017) ROOT INDEXING: Journal Abstracting and Indexing (Kabul: 12/02/2017) SWI: Scientific World Index (Kabul: 17/03/2017) ESCI: Emerging Sources Citiation Index (Başlangıç: 01/01/2016) ProQuest (Kabul: 27/10/2017) EuroPub (Kabul: 08/11/2017) Index Islamicus (Kabul: 13/12/2017) Scopus (Başlangıç: 01/01/2016; 20/1; Kabul: 23/01/2018) Dergimizin 24. Cilt 1. Sayı’sında Din Bilimleri alanından birçok güncel ve ilgi çekici araştırmayı sizlere sunmaktan heyecan ve mutluluk duyuyoruz. Bize emanet edilen değerli çalışmaları uluslararası alana taşımak için geniş bir ekiple tüm gayretimizi gösterdiğimizi ifade etmek isteriz. Yeni sayımızda başta makale sahibi değerli bilim insanlarımıza, yayın, danışma ve hakem kurullarımıza, Rektörlüğümüz Basımevi personeline ve özellikle dergimizin yayın aşamasında değerli emekleri olan alan editörlerimiz Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Adem Çiftçi, Arş. Gör. Maruf Çakır, Arş. Gör. Esma Güneş, Arş. Gör. Bayram Ünce, Arş. Gör. Sena Kaplan, Arş. Gör. Gülistan Aktaş, Arş. Gör. Hamit Demir, Arş. Gör. Merve Yetim, Arş. Gör. Rukiye Göğen, Arş. Gör. Ömer Faruk Özbek, Arş. Gör. Salime Bera Kemikli, Arş. Gör. Naim Yaman, Arş. Gör. Sema Tombul, Arş. Gör. Nurgül Akdoğan, Arş. Gör. Ayşe Mine Akar, Arş. Gör. İlknur Bahadır, Arş. Gör. Mustafa Said Akdoğan, Arş. Gör. Adil Koyucu ile Arapça dil editörü Prof. Dr. Ömer Faruk Yavuz ve İngilizce dil kontrolü sorumluluğunu üstlenen alan editörlerimiz Dr. Öğr. Gör. Miyase Yavuz Altıntaş, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Zuhal Ağılkaya Şahin, Dr. Metin Güven, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kenan Tekin ve Dr. Öğr. Gör. Hakime Reyyan Yaşar’a teşekkürlerimizi sunarız. 15 Aralık 2020’de yayınlanacak bir sonraki sayımız için makale kabul tarihlerinin yayın kurulumuz tarafından 1 Temmuz -1 Eylül olarak değiştirildiğini hatırlatır çalışmaları-nızda kolaylıklar dileriz. (shrink)