El conjunto de ensayos que el lector tiene entre sus manos expresa un cuerpo sistemático de ideas provocadoras sobre la tensión entre el constitucionalismo y la democracia. Su autor, el profesor Joel Colón-Ríos, boricua, formado en las dos facultades de derecho canadienses de mayor renombre, e investigador de una de las mejores universidades de Oceanía, las ha fraguado a lo largo de más de un lustro y debatido con gran éxito ante la elite intelectual de Norteamérica. La propuesta central del (...) libro es una original reivindicación de la democracia frente al constitucionalismo. Su institucionalización consiste en un constitucionalismo débil. La piedra angular de este modelo es una constitución inacabada, permanentemente abierta al cambio, que permite y promueve la participación y la deliberación popular continua, en particular, mediante el potencial ejercicio del poder constituyente en cualquier momento. De esta manera, el pueblo tiene la posibilidad de hablar por sí mismo cuando lo juzgue pertinente. Puede cuestionar y reformular los principios básicos de la organización social. No está supeditado a las decisiones adoptadas por los ancestros que expidieron la Constitución, ni por sus representantes que, en el Congreso, ostentan el poder de reformarla. Precio: 49.000 pesos. (shrink)

It is often believed that the only alternative to an idealist conception of natural phenomena excludes both the presence of objective universal forms and their progression towards higher forms as the finality of processes in the natural world. Realism regarding the universal and teleological approaches regarding processes are signs of idealism. Therefore, materialism, it would seem, must conform to a nominalist and mechanical view of nature. However, an intelligent materialist reading of idealism’s classics reveals a more complex scenario. A real (...) fact is expressed in a mystical fashion in idealism’s conceptions of objective universals and teleology. This article attempts to show such a real fact in its authentic (materialist) form. With that goal in mind, the present article discusses the notion of nature’s alienation, the distinction between abstract and concrete universals, and the concept of dialectical interaction. The natural-historical emergence of a higher form of matter’s organization assimilates, as its organs, the conditions that preceded it in time, transforming itself into an active producer of such conditions. That is the secret glimpsed but not correctly understood by idealism that a consistent materialist should not ignore. (shrink)

Within the current resurgence of interest in E.V. Ilyenkov, the influence of Engels on Ilyenkov’s work is either overlooked or denied, making Ilyenkov seem closer to Western Marxism than he actually is. In this paper, by considering Engels’s place in his philosophy, I show that Ilyenkov’s approach is fundamentally hostile to many of Western Marxism’s main views. Ilyenkov, like Engels, conceives philosophy as Logic and affirms the ‘alliance’ between philosophy and the natural sciences against speculative metaphysics. In this regard, he (...) develops an original cosmological hypothesis based on Engels’s insights on the hierarchy of matter’s forms of movement and provides a remarkable account of the ideal as an attribute of nature that reproduces its concrete universality through social labour, the active transformation of nature’s phenomena into objects stamped with the seal of our subjectivity. (shrink)

Eshel Ben-Jacob’s manuscript entitled ‘Bacterial wisdom, Gödel’s theorem and creative genomic webs’ summarizes decades of work demonstrating adaptive mutagenesis in bacterial genomes. Bacterial genomes, each an essential part of a Kantian whole that is a single bacterium, are thus not independent of the environment as sensed; and a single bacterium is therefore a semiotic entity. Ben-Jacob suggests this but errs in 1) assigning autonomy to the genome, and 2) analogizing through computation without making clear whether he is doing so for (...) illustrative purposes or making committed ontological propositions. We reinterpret adaptive mutagenesis and related phenomena in ways both metaphysically rigorous and revealing. We conclude that bacteria are much farther removed from the ‘self-organizing’ world of inanimate process than from the Peircian world of signs; and a critical reappraisal of existing knowledge can enhance our understanding of selfhood, semiosis, and the roots of subjective experience. (shrink)

Every culture represents a long-time historical process result that strengthens each strain and characteristic of individuals. The Mexican culture has typical characteristics such as kindness, funny, and not-soserious in some other aspects. Nevertheless, the Japanese culture is very different. Influenced by ideas like honor, obligations, and duty. These characteristics are known as “Giri”. Manners are completely different from Western countries' ideas, where you can find more liberal and individualistic cultures. An important element of the Japanese culture is the language. It (...) is because it represents their culture, religion, ethics, and their particular humor sense. This is why it is considered difficult to completely interpret it by other cultures. Currently, the Japanese language is the world´s 9th most spoken language with an approximated amount of 127 million speakers, therefore, understanding the language will let us understand Japanese culture in a better way. Considering the context explained above, this document has an objective: Strengthen the student’s knowledge and make aware them of the proper use of the Japanese language, Japanese manners, and its traditions. Approaching the students to these scenarios by applying assertive communication through internationalization experiences. (shrink)

SummaryThis article presents the development and current situation of the sociology of sport in Spain. It begins with a brief description of its origins and development as an academic field, which can be divided into three stages: birth, growth, and consolidation and internationalization. It then describes the theoretical and methodological traditions as well as the predominant topics (including the most representative research) in the social scientific studies on physical activity conducted so far in Spain. The main topics have been sports (...) in society, sports controversies, the social sports structure, sports identities and spaces for practicing sports, organization, management, and the job market. The article concludes with an analysis of the possible future challenges for the sociology of sport in Spain and the role that the journal Sociología del Deporte (Sociology of Sport) can play in view of these challenges. (shrink)

In "This is America," Katie Rios considers current American artists who build encoded gestures of resistance into their works. These gestures recur across images, live performances, and videos, becoming recognizable acts of resistance leveled at injustices based on a number of categories, including race, gender, class, religion, and politics.

The first part of this paper contextualizes the debate on the ethical regulation of Artificial Intelligence, and then reviews the main Anglo-Eurocentric elements of public initiatives about the ‘Ethics of AI’ that have recently emerged. All this with the ultimate purpose of analyzing the basis of principlism of the Ethics of AI. We refer to this with the specific purpose of presenting it in terms of a paradigmatic case of ‘colonized’ ethics that hides the different moral judgments and the alternative (...) cultural axiologies. We begin with the hypothesis that there is a possibility of questioning the real purpose and contribution of this applied ethics, using a dilemmatic perspective specific to human and legal sciences. In order to execute this type of analysis, which is highly required to understand what the future of these proposals is and how it can affect the regulation of AI, an analysis related to the contemporary literature from the Decoloniality field will be performed. (shrink)

PurposeCodes of ethics are important instruments in journalism, as they promote transparency and self-regulation of media, in addition to monitoring the quality of information. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the perceptions that Spanish journalists have of the effectiveness of codes of ethics and to evaluate the different personal and professional variables which condition this vision.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used in the present study is based on quantitative content analysis using the survey technique. This technique makes it possible to obtain (...) empirical data on various key aspects of the profession that are determining factors in ascertaining Spanish journalists’ views of one of the instruments of accountability that is external to the media: general ethical codes.FindingsThe results show that Spanish journalists are largely confident in the effectiveness of ethical codes in their profession. Likewise, it was seen that variables such as age, professional experience or the media with which they work influence the perceptions that professionals have of such instruments.Originality/valueIf understanding journalism as a profession whose mission is to guarantee the citizens their right to information, then it is essential to be familiar with the tools provided by the profession itself to be accountable to the public regarding this professional mission. Hence the importance of instruments of accountability and the perceptions of the professionals themselves regarding their effectiveness. (shrink)

Culture has traditionally been considered as a set of knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, norms, and morals, acquired by a human being as a member of a group. Some anthropologists interpret this as a set of abstract representations, such as information or knowledge, while others interpret it as behavioral control mechanisms. These views assume that the contents of a particular culture must be processed by the minds of individuals, either in a direct way or by resorting to learned mental structures in (...) processes of symbolic socialization. Some critics suggest a problem with these perspectives since they do not provide a convincing explanation of the enculturation process beyond metaphorical images of transfer or internalization of symbolic cultural contents through linguistic transmission. The new embodied theories of cognition, especially enactivism, could give new ideas about what enculturation processes are like, through the concept of participatory sense-making in material culture environments. In this essay, we discuss how an enactive vision of culture could be, and what advantages it would have, as well as the challenges and weaknesses in explaining the culture and its learning processes. (shrink)

Rousseau has always had an uncertain relationship with the theory of constituent power. On the one hand, his distrust of political representation and support for popular sovereignty seem consistent with the idea of the people as a legally unlimited constitution-maker. On the other hand, if, from those views about representation and sovereignty, it follows that Rousseau is a proponent of direct democracy, then there seems to be no place in his thought for a theory that presupposes, above all, a separation (...) between those who exercise a delegated authority and those who possess an original constitution-making power. In a legal order in which all laws must be directly made by the people, such a separation is absent: the constituent and the legislative body are one and the same. It is therefore not surprising that Rousseau’s name is largely absent from contemporary literature on constituent power. In this article, however, I will show that once Rousseau’s particular conception of law, as well as his distinction between sovereignty and government, are properly understood, one finds in his work not only the first major formulation of the theory of constituent power, but also a careful exploration of its implications for actual constitutional practice. (shrink)

The presence of Neoplatonism in contemporary french phenomenology has a pregnance that crosses its most relevant points. Jean-Luc Marion's work does not escape this. In this work we approach the marionian appropriation of Nicholas of Cusa's thought, in the light of his writing Certitudes négatives, with the intention of understanding the cusanu´s ignorant doctrine as a way of negative certainty. La presencia del neoplatonismo en la fenomenología francesa contemporánea posee una pregnancia que atraviesa sus puntos más relevantes. La obra de (...) Jean-Luc Marion no escapa a esto. En este trabajo abordamos la apropiación marioniana del pensamiento de Nicolás de Cusa, a la luz de su escrito Certitudes négatives, con la intención de comprender la doctrina ignorante del Cusano como un modo de certeza negativa. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Despite journalism’s commitment to ethical principles such as accuracy, humanity and diversity, compliance with the gender perspective in content is still minimal in approximately one hundred countries. This inequality reinforces misperceptions, imbalances, and perceived differences between men and women. To address this situation, from 2010 to 2021, eight Spanish media companies appointed a new editorial position responsible for self-regulating gender equality. This qualitative study focused on 10 journalists who currently exercise or have exercised that job, to detect, describe and (...) propose the implementation of this new professional role. This study suggests that gender editing has advanced equality in parity of sourcing and the presence of women in the opinion sections, but implementation of equality in overall content is more difficult. Gender editors’ daily work is hampered by a lack of management support and an absence of independence in editorial decisions. (shrink)

Los procesos de internacionalización de capitales, así como también el efecto de los medios de comunicación y la producción del conocimiento con sus estrategias racionalizadoras, generan globalmente movimientos sobre los territorios y, muy particularmente, sobre aquellos territorios ricos en biodiversidad; los cuales son presionados para abrirse y negociar productos, patrimonios, experiencias y significados. Desde un punto de vista sociocultural, la apertura vivida en lo local implica que los territorios pongan en juego diferentes esquemas adaptativos. Adaptaciones que requieren la colaboración y (...) coayuda de las Ciencias Sociales. El objetivo del artículo es explicitar una estrategia metodológica que, en concordancia a un corpus discursivo vinculado a la complejidad, posibilite investigaciones en los territorios locales y con ello se potencie interlocuciones con lo global. En este sentido, la Antropología del Territorio constituye una aproximación teórico-metodológica reflexiva y activa, cuyos atractores investigativos son los imaginarios territoriales y los modos de vivir y habitar. (shrink)

¿Cuál es el estado de los debates académicos sobre el sexismo en los currículos universitarios de filosofía? La pregunta, así formulada, busca delimitar las principales disputas sobre la incorporación de enfoque de género en los currículos filosóficos en la literatura de la última década. Atendiendo a la revisión sistemática de literatura se realizaron búsquedas en Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, JSTOR, Taylor & Francis y Google Scholar, entre 2012-2022; la estrategia de análisis se centró en los debates recurrentes en el (...) campo. Se analizaron 98 estudios y cinco debates según los cuales las prácticas curriculares excluyentes no permiten la materialización de una educación filosófica inclusiva e intercultural: 1) sesgos implícitos, amenazas por estereotipos y clima hostil, 2) reconocimiento de las mujeres filósofas en el canon y la historia de la filosofía, 3) injusticias epistémicas en la filosofía académica, 4) voces de las mujeres negras en la profesión filosófica y 5) ausencia de las mujeres en la “normalización filosófica” latinoamericana. (shrink)

Se plantea que los currículos universitarios actuales de filosofía se soportan en estructuras curriculares que conllevarían diversas modalidades de injusticias epistémicas, a saber: el anglo-eurocentrismo, el racismo, el sexismo y el humanismo. Con base en esta premisa, la cual se considera inscrita en la trayectoria histórica de los epistemicidios occidentales, se propone la necesidad de decolonización del currículo universitario de filosofía en las universidades colombianas. Se plantea como un proyecto urgente de acción educativa que, de modo inmediato, contribuiría a contrarrestar (...) las diversas modalidades de injusticias epistémicas y, transitivamente, impulsaría la materialización de lo que aquí se denomina justicia curricular. Esto no solo sería provechoso para mejorar y transformar los currículos de filosofía en el nivel de educación superior y el paulatino enriquecimiento epistemológico de la filosofía, sino que también aportaría a un reconocimiento saludable de la pluridiversidad en la universidad. (shrink)

Se ofrece una reflexión sobre los avances y las tendencias de discusión en la historia de la tradición filosófica en Colombia y sus presupuestos historiográficos, como un aporte al debate sobre la relevancia de pensar las tradiciones filosóficas nacionales en el siglo XXI. A partir de las categorías valorativas de las diferentes producciones intelectuales se determina si hacen parte o no de la tradición filosófica nacional. El concepto de “normalización filosófica” es analizado como categoría interpretativa de la tradición colombiana y (...) se sugiere su obsolescencia dadas sus implicaciones; con el propósito de superar el reduccionismo, la exclusión y el sesgo al que conlleva esta categoría. Se propone la reivindicación de los intentos de análisis social del siglo XIX y de las producciones filosóficas regionales con el propósito de aportar a una reconstrucción decolonial, amplia y sin sesgos de la historia de la tradición de la filosofía colombiana. (shrink)

The International Investment Law system (IIL) is the result of a colonial project within a capitalist system that has been influenced by developmentalism discourse and neoliberal ideology. This book shows how it has become an instrument that facilitates forms of systemic violence against so called “Third World” countries.

Participants acting as mock jurors made inferences about whether a person was a suspect in a murder based on an expert's testimony about the presence of objects at the crime scene and the disclosure that the testimony was true or false. Experiment 1 showed that participants made more correct inferences, and made inferences more quickly, when the truth or falsity of the expert's testimony was disclosed immediately after the testimony rather than when the disclosure was delayed. Experiment 2 showed no (...) advantage for prior disclosure over immediate disclosure. Experiment 3 showed that the pattern of inferences when there was no disclosure mirrored the pattern when it was disclosed that the expert's testimony was true rather than false. Participants made more correct inferences from true conjunctions than disjunctions, and from false disjunctions than conjunctions. We discuss the implications for theories of the mental representations and cognitive processes that underlie human reasoning. (shrink)

A reacção anti-positivista, não assumindo a uniformidade ou quase uniformidade da concepção de que se dizia antagonista, não deixou de assumir posição destacada, estando na origem do renascimento especulativo no nosso país nas duas últimas centúrias Merece, assim, ser estudada seriamente O positivismo foi uma corrente filosófica nos finais do século XIX, de tal modo dominante que se tornou uma espécie de moda Penetrou, profundamente, nos es elecimentos de ensino, no jornalismo, na política, recebendo, em certos planos, uma aberta consagração (...) legal Não parece de estranhar que despertasse a resposta crítica de adversários relevantes, que não estavam dispostos a aceitar-lhes passivamente as directrizes. (shrink)

No vigor intelectual dos seus 75 anos desapareceu do nosso convívio em Junho de 2003 Eduardo Abranches de Soveral A sua dimensão humana como especulativa permite situá-lo naquele patamar de homens a que podemos chamar Mestres Distinto pelo saber, pela compreensão e carácter, e com a profunda marca que deixou na Faculdade de Letras do Porto, sobretudo no curso de Filosofia, o Grupo de Investigação Raízes e Horizontes da Filosofia e da Cultura em Portugal, do Gabinete de Filosofia Moderna e (...) Contemporânea do Instituto de Filosofia da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto (deste Instituto tendo sido seu primeiro Presidente), não podia deixar de lhe prestar a justa homenagem, ao mesmo tempo contribuindo para a divulgação da sua vasta obra Eduardo Abranches de Soveral, Pensador, Filósofo e Humanista foi a designação que escolhemos para este colóquio que durante dois dias reuniu no Anfiteatro Nobre da FLUP cerca de trinta conferencistas para proceder a um estudo sistemático da obra do professor e do filósofo português, integrando-o no contexto do pensamento filosófico português e do pensamento europeu seu contemporâneo, integrando ainda textos de outros especialistas no pensamento de Eduardo Abranches de Soveral, que, não tendo participado no Colóquio, nem por isso deixaram de dar o seu contributo para este volume Grupo de Investigação Raízes e Horizontes da Filosofia e da Cultura em Portugal Instituto de Filosofia da Universidade do Porto. (shrink)

ESTUDOS SOBRE O PENSAMENTO FILOSÓFICO DE ANTÓNIO JOSÉ DE BRITO Quem haja seguido com compreensiva e valorativa atenção o percurso da reflexão filosófica portuguesa no último quarto do século XX, não poderá ter deixado de reconhecer o destacado lugar que nele ocupa a obra de António José de Brito, Professor Catedrático jubilado da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, pelo exigente rigor, coerência sistemática e originalidade do seu pensamento de cariz dialéctico, desenvolvido a partir da noção principial de Insuperável, (...) bem como a inteligência e penetração hermenêuticas que sempre revelam os seus estudos e ensaios sobre diversos filósofos portugueses O presente Volume reúne não só os textos das comunicações no Colóquio de Homenagem ao ilustre filósofo e mestre portuense, como contém outros textos sobre o seu pensamento, de individualidades que, embora impossibilitadas de nele participar, quiseram associar-se a esta homenagem, como igualmente, na ula Gratulatória, uma série de outros nomes que a esta homenagem se quiseram igualmente associar. (shrink)

This article analyses the rationality of the principle of proportionality as a justificatory method for solving cases involving conflicts of constitutional principles. It addresses the “problem of comparability”: a set of arguments claiming that proportionalists fail to understand what happens when constitutional principles collide. The problem of comparability suggests that balancing cannot be done if some conflicts of constitutional principles are, in reality, cases of noncomparability, incommensurability, incomparability, or vagueness. In this article, I challenge the views of both proportionalists and (...) their skeptics. Against the skeptics, I argue that proportionality can survive the challenge posed by the problem of comparability. Against the proportionalists, I submit that proportionality cannot be understood as a system of tradeoffs between degrees of satisfaction of principles. If comparison among constitutional principles is to be rational, we need a different approach to normativity—one that allows for the possibility of parity. (shrink)