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Roy F. Baumeister [66]Roy Baumeister [16]
  1. You Didn’t Have to Do That: Belief in Free Will Promotes Gratitude.Michael J. Mackenzie, Kathleen D. Vohs & Roy Baumeister - 2014 - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 40 (11):1423-1434.
    Four studies tested the hypothesis that a weaker belief in free will would be related to feeling less gratitude. In Studies 1a and 1b, a trait measure of free will belief was positively correlated with a measure of dispositional gratitude. In Study 2, participants whose free will belief was weakened (vs. unchanged or bolstered) reported feeling less grateful for events in their past. Study 3 used a laboratory induction of gratitude. Participants with an experimentally reduced (vs. increased) belief in free (...)
     
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  2.  37
    Conscious thought is for facilitating social and cultural interactions: How mental simulations serve the animal–culture interface.Roy F. Baumeister & E. J. Masicampo - 2010 - Psychological Review 117 (3):945-971.
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  3. Free will in everyday life: Autobiographical accounts of free and unfree actions.Tyler F. Stillman, Roy F. Baumeister & Alfred R. Mele - 2011 - Philosophical Psychology 24 (3):381 - 394.
    What does free will mean to laypersons? The present investigation sought to address this question by identifying how laypersons distinguish between free and unfree actions. We elicited autobiographical narratives in which participants described either free or unfree actions, and the narratives were subsequently subjected to impartial analysis. Results indicate that free actions were associated with reaching goals, high levels of conscious thought and deliberation, positive outcomes, and moral behavior (among other things). These findings suggest that lay conceptions of free will (...)
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  4.  39
    Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem.Roy F. Baumeister, Laura Smart & Joseph M. Boden - 1996 - Psychological Review 103 (1):5-33.
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  5.  68
    Free will in scientific psychology.Roy F. Baumeister - 2008 - .
    Some actions are freer than others, and the difference is palpably important in terms of inner process, subjective perception, and social consequences. Psychology can study the difference between freer and less free actions without making dubious metaphysical commitments. Human evolution seems to have created a relatively new, more complex form of action control that corresponds to popular notions of free will. It is marked by self-control and rational choice, both of which are highly adaptive, especially for functioning within culture. The (...)
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  6. Forget the Folk: Moral Responsibility Preservation Motives and Other Conditions for Compatibilism.Cory J. Clark, Bo M. Winegard & Roy F. Baumeister - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10:397001.
    For years, experimental philosophers have attempted to discern whether laypeople find free will compatible with a scientifically deterministic understanding of the universe, yet no consensus has emerged. The present work provides one potential explanation for these discrepant findings: People are strongly motivated to preserve free will and moral responsibility, and thus do not have stable, logically rigorous notions of free will. Seven studies support this hypothesis by demonstrating that a variety of logically irrelevant (but motivationally relevant) features influence compatibilist judgments. (...)
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  7.  57
    Personal philosophy and personnel achievement: belief in free will predicts better job performance.Tyler F. Stillman, Roy F. Baumeister, Kathleen D. Vohs, Nathaniel M. Lambert, Frank D. Fincham & Lauren E. Brewer - 2010 - .
    Do philosophic views affect job performance? The authors found that possessing a belief in free will predicted better career attitudes and actual job performance. The effect of free will beliefs on job performance indicators were over and above well-established predictors such as conscientiousness, locus of control, and Protestant work ethic. In Study 1, stronger belief in free will corresponded to more positive attitudes about expected career success. In Study 2, job performance was evaluated objectively and independently by a supervisor. Results (...)
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  8.  64
    Ordinary people think free will is a lack of constraint, not the presence of a soul.Andrew J. Vonasch, Roy F. Baumeister & Alfred R. Mele - 2018 - Consciousness and Cognition 60:133-151.
    Four experiments supported the hypothesis that ordinary people understand free will as meaning unconstrained choice, not having a soul. People consistently rated free will as being high unless reduced by internal constraints (i.e., things that impaired people’s mental abilities to make choices) or external constraints (i.e., situations that hampered people’s abilities to choose and act as they desired). Scientific paradigms that have been argued to disprove free will were seen as reducing, but usually not eliminating free will, and the reductions (...)
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  9.  43
    Making punishment palatable: Belief in free will alleviates punitive distress.Cory J. Clark, Roy F. Baumeister & Peter H. Ditto - 2017 - Consciousness and Cognition 51:193-211.
  10. Suicide as escape from self.Roy F. Baumeister - 1990 - Psychological Review 97 (1):90-113.
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  11. Free will is about choosing: The link between choice and the belief in free will.Gilad Feldman, Roy Baumeister & Kin Fai Wong - 2014 - Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 55:239-245.
    Expert opinions have yielded a wide and controversial assortment of conceptions of free will, but laypersons seem to associate free will more simply with making choices. We found that the more strongly people believed in free will, the more they liked making choices, the higher they rated their ability to make decisions (Study 1), the less difficult they perceived making decisions, and the more satisfied they were with their decisions (Study 2). High free will belief was also associated with more (...)
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  12. Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: does self-control resemble a muscle?M. Muraven & Roy Baumeister - 2000 - Psychological Bulletin 126:247–59.
     
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  13.  77
    Subjective correlates and consequences of belief in free will.A. Will Crescioni, Roy F. Baumeister, Sarah E. Ainsworth, Michael Ent & Nathaniel M. Lambert - 2016 - Philosophical Psychology 29 (1):41-63.
    Four studies measured or manipulated beliefs in free will to illuminate how such beliefs are linked to other aspects of personality. Study 1 showed that stronger belief in free will was correlated with more gratitude, greater life satisfaction, lower levels of perceived life stress, a greater sense of self-efficacy, greater perceived meaning in life, higher commitment in relationships, and more willingness to forgive relationship partners. Study 2 showed that the belief in free will was a stronger predictor of life satisfaction, (...)
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  14. Are we free?: psychology and free will.John Baer, James C. Kaufman & Roy F. Baumeister (eds.) - 2008 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Do people have free will, or this universal belief an illusion? If free will is more than an illusion, what kind of free will do people have? How can free will influence behavior? Can free will be studied, verified, and understood scientifically? How and why might a sense of free will have evolved? These are a few of the questions this book attempts to answer. People generally act as though they believe in their own free will: they don't feel like (...)
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  15. Free Will as Advanced Action Control for Human Social Life and Culture.Roy F. Baumeister, A. William Crescioni & Jessica L. Alquist - 2010 - Neuroethics 4 (1):1-11.
    Free will can be understood as a novel form of action control that evolved to meet the escalating demands of human social life, including moral action and pursuit of enlightened self-interest in a cultural context. That understanding is conducive to scientific research, which is reviewed here in support of four hypotheses. First, laypersons tend to believe in free will. Second, that belief has behavioral consequences, including increases in socially and culturally desirable acts. Third, laypersons can reliably distinguish free actions from (...)
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  16.  41
    Evidence that logical reasoning depends on conscious processing.C. Nathan DeWall, Roy F. Baumeister & E. J. Masicampo - 2008 - Consciousness and Cognition 17 (3):628-645.
    Humans, unlike other animals, are equipped with a powerful brain that permits conscious awareness and reflection. A growing trend in psychological science has questioned the benefits of consciousness, however. Testing a hypothesis advanced by [Lieberman, M. D., Gaunt, R., Gilbert, D. T., & Trope, Y. . Reflection and reflexion: A social cognitive neuroscience approach to attributional inference. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 199–249], four studies suggested that the conscious, reflective processing system is vital for logical reasoning. Substantial decrements in (...)
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  17.  46
    Homo Prospectus.Martin E. P. Seligman, Peter Albert Railton, Roy F. Baumeister & Chandra Sekhar Sripada - 2016 - Oxford University Press.
    NINE Morality and Prospection -- TEN Prospection Gone Awry: Depression -- ELEVEN Creativity and Aging: What We Can Make With What We Have Left -- Afterword -- Author Index -- Subject Index.
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  18.  48
    Recent research on free will: Conceptualizations, beliefs, and processes.Roy Baumeister - 2014 - Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 50:1-52.
    This chapter summarizes research on free will. Progress has been made by discarding outmoded philosophical notions in favor of exploring how ordinary people understand and use the notion of free will. The concept of responsible autonomy captures many aspects of layperson concepts of free will, including acting on one's own (i.e., not driven by external forces), choosing, using reasons and personal values, conscious reflection, and knowing and accepting consequences and moral implications. Free will can thus be understood as form of (...)
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  19.  74
    Time and Decision: Economic and Psychological Perspectives on Intertemporal Choice.George Loewenstein, Daniel Read & Roy F. Baumeister (eds.) - 2003 - Russell Sage Foundation.
    Introduction George Loewenstein, Daniel Read, and Roy F. Baumeister P _L sychology and economics have a classic love-hate relationship. ...
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  20.  58
    On the Necessity of Consciousness for Sophisticated Human Action.Roy F. Baumeister, Stephan Lau, Heather M. Maranges & Cory J. Clark - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
  21.  88
    Bad is freer than good: Positive–negative asymmetry in attributions of free will.Gilad Feldman, Kin Fai Ellick Wong & Roy F. Baumeister - 2016 - Consciousness and Cognition 42:26-40.
    Recent findings support the idea that the belief in free will serves as the basis for moral responsibility, thus promoting the punishment of immoral agents. We theorized that free will extends beyond morality to serve as the basis for accountability and the capacity for change more broadly, not only for others but also for the self. Five experiments showed that people attributed higher freedom of will to negative than to positive valence, regardless of morality or intent, for both self and (...)
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  22.  56
    Unable to Resist the Temptation to Tell the Truth or to Lie for the Organization? Identification Makes the Difference.Carolin Baur, Roman Soucek, Ulrich Kühnen & Roy F. Baumeister - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 167 (4):643-662.
    Previous research indicates that the depletion of self-regulatory resources can promote unethical behavior that benefits the self. Extending this literature, we focus on norm-transgressing behavior that is intended to primarily benefit others. In particular, we predicted a differing effect of self-regulatory resource depletion on dishonesty that benefits one’s group, depending on the degree of identification with the group. Following a dual process approach, we argue that if identification with the group is strong, then people may have an automatic inclination to (...)
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  23. Believing versus disbelieving in free will: Correlates and consequences.Roy Baumeister - 2012 - Personality and Social Psychology Compass 6 (10):736-745.
    Some people believe more than others in free will, and researchers have both measured and manipulated those beliefs. Disbelief in free will has been shown to cause dishonest, selfish, aggressive, and conforming behavior, and to reduce helpfulness, learning from one’s misdeeds, thinking for oneself, recycling, expectations for occupational success, and actual quality of performance on the job. Belief in free will has been shown to have only modest or negligible correlations with other variables, indicating that it is a distinct trait. (...)
     
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  24. The strength model of self-control.Roy Baumeister, Kathleen Vohs & Dianne Tice - 2007 - Current Directions in Psychological Science 16 (6):351–5.
     
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  25.  64
    Embodied free will beliefs: Some effects of physical states on metaphysical opinions.Michael R. Ent & Roy F. Baumeister - 2014 - Consciousness and Cognition 27:147-154.
  26.  61
    Are groups more or less than the sum of their members? The moderating role of individual identification.Roy F. Baumeister, Sarah E. Ainsworth & Kathleen D. Vohs - 2016 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39:1-38.
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  27. Free Will, Consciousness, and Cultural Animals.Roy F. Baumeister - 2008 - In John Baer, James C. Kaufman & Roy F. Baumeister (eds.), Are we free?: psychology and free will. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
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  28. Time and Decision. Economic and Psychological Perspectives on Intertemporal Choice.George Loewenstein, Daniel Read & Roy F. Baumeister - 2006 - Erkenntnis 64 (3):419-422.
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  29.  59
    How Often Does Currently Felt Emotion Predict Social Behavior and Judgment? A Meta-Analytic Test of Two Theories.C. Nathan DeWall, Roy F. Baumeister, David S. Chester & Brad J. Bushman - 2016 - Emotion Review 8 (2):136-143.
    Emotions play a prominent role in social life, yet the direct impact of emotions on behavior and judgment remains a point of disagreement. The current investigation used meta-analysis to test two theoretical perspectives. The emotion-as-direct-causation perspective asserts that current emotions guide behavior and judgment, whereas the emotion-as-feedback perspective asserts that anticipated emotions guide behavior and judgment. Although the emotion-as-direct-causation perspective was frequently tested, only 22% of tests were significant. Although the emotion-as-feedback perspective was rarely tested, 87% of tests were significant. (...)
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  30.  38
    (1 other version)Conscious thought does not guide moment-to-moment actions—it serves social and cultural functions.E. Masicampo & Roy Baumeister - 2013 - Frontiers in Psychology 4.
  31. Taking stock of self-control: A meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors.Denise De Ridder, Gerty Lensvelt-Mulders, Catrin Finkenauer, Marijn Stok & Roy Baumeister - 2012 - Personality and Social Psychology Review 16 (1):76–99.
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  32.  47
    The experience of freedom in decisions – Questioning philosophical beliefs in favor of psychological determinants.Stephan Lau, Anette Hiemisch & Roy F. Baumeister - 2015 - Consciousness and Cognition 33 (C):30-46.
  33. (1 other version)Free will and consciousness: how might they work?Roy Baumeister, Alfred Mele & Kathleen Vohs (eds.) - 2010 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    This volume is aimed at readers who wish to move beyond debates about the existence of free will and the efficacy of consciousness and closer to appreciating ...
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  34. Ego depletion and self-control failure: an energy model of the self’s executive function.Roy Baumeister - 2002 - Self and Identity 1:129–36.
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  35. Everyday temptations: an experience sampling study of desire, conflict, and self-control.Wilhelm Hofmann, Roy Baumeister, Georg Förster & Kathleen Vohs - 2012 - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 102 (6):1318.
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  36.  73
    Are morally good actions ever free?Cory J. Clark, Adam Shniderman, Jamie B. Luguri, Roy F. Baumeister & Peter H. Ditto - 2018 - Consciousness and Cognition 63 (C):161-182.
  37.  71
    Self-regulation and the executive function of the self.Roy F. Baumeister & Kathleen D. Vohs - 2003 - In Mark R. Leary & June Price Tangney (eds.), Handbook of Self and Identity. Guilford Press. pp. 1--197.
  38.  28
    Free Will and Consciousness: An Introduction and Overview of Perspectives.Alfred Mele, Kathleen Vohs & Roy Baumeister - 2010 - In Al Mele, Kathleen Vohs & Roy Baumeister (eds.), Free Will and Consciousness: How Might They Work? (New York: OUP, 2010). New York: Oxford University Press.
    This volume is aimed at readers who wish to move beyond debates about the existence of free will and the efficacy of consciousness and closer to appreciating how free will and consciousness might operate. It draws from philosophy and psychology, the two fields that have grappled most fundamentally with these issues. In this wide-ranging volume, the contributors explore such issues as how free will is connected to rational choice, planning, and self-control; roles for consciousness in decision making; the nature and (...)
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  39. Longitudinal improvement of self-regulation through practice: building self-control strength through repeated exercise.Mark Muraven, Roy Baumeister & Dianne Tice - 1999 - Journal of Social Psychology 139 (4):446–57.
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  40.  42
    Higher Self-Control Capacity Predicts Lower Anxiety-Impaired Cognition during Math Examinations.Alex Bertrams, Roy F. Baumeister & Chris Englert - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
  41. Self-control as limited resource: regulatory depletion patterns.Mark Muraven, Dianne Tice & Roy Baumeister - 1998 - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (3):774–89.
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  42.  41
    Evolution, culture, and the possibility of peace.Roy F. Baumeister & Brad J. Bushman - 2024 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47:e3.
    Glowacki's work meshes well with our view of human nature as having evolved to use culture to improve survival and reproduction. Peace is a cultural achievement, requiring advances in social organization and control, including leaders who can implement policies to benefit the group, third-party mediation, and intergroup cooperation. Cultural advances shift intergroup interactions from negative-sum (war) to positive-sum (trade).
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  43. Praise: More than just social reinforcement.Catherine R. Delin & Roy F. Baumeister - 1994 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 24 (3):219–241.
    Praise is a common feature of interpersonal interaction. It is used to encourage, socialize, ingratiate, seduce, reward, and influence other people. These assorted usages reflect a widespread belief in the efficacy of praise for altering the behaviour and affective state of the recipient. Despite this assumed power of praise, and despite its salience and frequency in human social interaction, research interest in praise has been sporadic and intermittent, and not united within an all-embracing theoretical model.In this article we will present (...)
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  44.  12
    Advanced Social Psychology: The State of the Science.Roy F. Baumeister & Eli J. Finkel (eds.) - 2010 - Oup Usa.
    Social psychology is a flourishing discipline. It explores the most essential questions of the human psyche, and it does so with clever, ingenuitive research methods. This edited volume is a textbook for advanced social psychology courses. Its primary target audience is first-year graduate students in social psychlogy, although it is also appropriate for upper-level undergraduate courses in social psychology and for doctoral students in disciplines connecting to social psychology. The authors of the chapters are world-renowned leaders on their topic, and (...)
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  45.  47
    Arguing, reasoning, and the interpersonal (cultural) functions of human consciousness.Roy F. Baumeister, E. J. Masicampo & C. Nathan DeWall - 2011 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34 (2):74-74.
    Our recent work suggests that (1) the purpose of human conscious thought is participation in social and cultural groups, and (2) logical reasoning depends on conscious thought. These mesh well with the argument theory of reasoning. In broader context, the distinctively human traits are adaptations for culture and inner processes serve interpersonal functions.
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  46.  22
    "Conscious thought is for facilitating social and cultural interactions: How mental simulations serve the animal–culture interface": Correction to Baumeister and Masicampo (2010).Roy F. Baumeister & E. J. Masicampo - 2010 - Psychological Review 117 (4):1298-1298.
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  47.  33
    3 Understanding Free Will and Consciousness on the Basis ofCurrent Research Findings in Psychology.Roy F. Baumeister - 2010 - In Roy Baumeister, Alfred Mele & Kathleen Vohs (eds.), Free will and consciousness: how might they work? New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 24.
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  48.  38
    Unjustified side effects were strongly intended: Taboo tradeoffs and the side-effect effect.Andy Vonasch & Roy Baumeister - 2017 - Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 68:83-92.
    The side-effect effect is the seemingly irrational tendency for people to say harmful side effects were more intentional than helpful side effects of the same action. But the tendency may not be irrational. According to the Tradeoffs Justification Model, judgments of a person's intentions to cause harm depend on how that person decided to act, and on whether the reasons for acting justified causing the harmful consequences. Across three experiments (N = 660), unjustified harms were viewed as more intentional than (...)
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  49. Free will evolved for morality and culture.Andrew E. Monroe, Kathleen D. Vohs & Roy F. Baumeister - 2005 - In Arthur G. Miller (ed.), The Social Psychology of Good and Evil. Guilford Publications.
  50.  50
    Meaning and Evolution: Why Nature Selected Human Minds to Use Meaning.William von Hippel & Roy F. Baumeister - 2020 - Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture 4 (1):1-18.
    We treat meaning as nonphysical connection and potential organization. Meaning is a resource that can be used by animals to improve survival and reproduction. The evolu­tion of brains to exploit meaning occurred in two heuristic steps. First, solitary brains developed mental representations of patterns for learning and guiding adaptive action. Second, humankind greatly expanded the usefulness of meaning by using it collectively, such as by deliberately communicating information, creating a body of shared beliefs and understandings, and using meaning to organize (...)
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