93 found
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  1.  70
    Duns Scotus.Richard Cross - 1999 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    The nature and content of the thought of Duns Scotus (c. 1266-1308) remains largely unknown except by the expert. This book provides an accessible account of Scotus' theology, focusing both on what is distinctive in his thought, and on issues where his insights might prove to be of perennial value.
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  2.  12
    The Metaphysics of the Incarnation: Thomas Aquinas to Duns Scotus.Richard Cross - 2005 - Oxford University Press on Demand.
    The period from Thomas Aquinas to Duns Scotus is one of the richest in the history of Christian theology. The Metaphysics of the Incarnation aims to provide a thorough examination of the doctrine in this era, making explicit its philosophical and theological foundations. Medieval theologians believed that there were good reasons for supposing that Christ's human nature was an individual. In the light of this, Part 1 discusses how the various thinkers held that an individual nature could be united to (...)
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  3. The Incarnation.Richard Cross - 2008 - In Thomas P. Flint & Michael C. Rea (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophical Theology. Oxford University Press.
    The Christian doctrine of the Incarnation maintains that the second person of the Trinity became a human being, retaining all attributes necessary for being divine and gaining all attributes necessary for being human. As usually understood, the doctrine involves the claim that the second person of the Trinity is the subject of the attributes of Jesus Christ, the first-century Jew whose deeds are reported in various ways in the New Testament. The fundamental philosophical problem specific to the doctrine is this: (...)
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  4.  16
    Duns Scotus’s Theory of Cognition.Richard Cross - 2014 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press.
    Richard Cross provides the first full study of Duns Scotus's theory of cognition, examining his account of the processes involved in cognition, from sensation, through intuition and abstraction, to conceptual thought. Cross places Scotus's thought clearly within the context of 13th-century study on the mind, and of his intellectual forebears.
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  5.  30
    The Physics of Duns Scotus: The Scientific Context of a Theological Vision.Richard Cross - 1998 - Clarendon Press.
    Duns Scotus, along with Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham, was one of the three most talented and influential of the medieval schoolmen, and a highly original thinker. This book examines the central concepts in his physics, including matter, space, time, and unity.
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  6.  4
    The Routledge Companion to Medieval Philosophy.J. T. Paasch & Richard Cross (eds.) - 2021 - New York: Routledge.
    Like any other group of philosophers, scholastic thinkers from the Middle Ages disagreed about even the most fundamental of concepts. With their characteristic style of rigorous semantic and logical analysis, they produced a wide variety of diverse theories about a huge number of topics. The Routledge Companion to Medieval Philosophy offers readers an outstanding survey of many of these diverse theories, on a wide array of subjects. Its 35 chapters, all written exclusively for this Companion by leading international scholars, are (...)
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  7.  36
    Duns Scotus on Divine Immensity.Richard Cross - 2016 - Faith and Philosophy 33 (4):389-413.
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  8. Duns Scotus on Divine Substance and the Trinity.Richard Cross - 2003 - Medieval Philosophy & Theology 11 (2):181-201.
  9. Two models of the trinity?Richard Cross - 2002 - Heythrop Journal 43 (3):275–294.
    Contrary to a common assumption, I argue that there is full agreement between East and West on the issue of the relation between the divine essence and the divine persons. I defend this claim by using the understanding of universals found in D. M. Armstrong to cast light on the theories. Taking Gregory of Nyssa and John of Damascus as representatives of the Eastern tradition, I show that this tradition sees the divine essence as a numerically singular object that is (...)
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  10.  57
    Idolatry and Religious Language.Richard Cross - 2008 - Faith and Philosophy 25 (2):190-196.
    Upholding a univocity theory of religious language does not entail idolatry, because nothing about univocity entails misidentifying God altogether—which is what idolatry amounts to. Upholders and opponents of univocity can agree on the object to which they are ascribing various attributes, even if they do not agree on the attributes themselves. Neither does the defender of univocity have to maintain that there is anything real really shared by God and creatures. Furthermore, even if much of language is analogous, syllogistic argument—and (...)
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  11. Anti-Pelagianism and the Resistibility of Grace.Richard Cross - 2005 - Faith and Philosophy 22 (2):199-210.
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  12. Ockham on part and whole.Richard Cross - 1999 - Vivarium 37 (2):143-167.
  13. What's metaphysically special about supposits? Some medieval variations on aristotelian substance.Marilyn McCord Adams & Richard Cross - 2005 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 79 (1):15–52.
  14.  41
    Impairment, Normalcy, and a Social Theory of Disability.Richard Cross - 2016 - Res Philosophica 93 (4):693-714.
    I argue that, if it is thought desirable to avoid the collapse of disability into generic social disadvantage, it is necessary to draw a distinction between impairment (a bodily configuration) and disability (the way in which the environment prevents someone with an impairment from undertaking certain kinds of activities), as in social models of disability. I show how to draw such a distinction by utilizing a distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic properties. I argue further that, using this distinction, it is (...)
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  15.  2
    Duns Scotus on God.Richard Cross - 2005 - Routledge.
    John Duns Scotus was the philosopher's theologian par excellence, a man who was interested in arguments for their own sake. Richard Cross explores the theological world in which he lived and his painstaking understanding of the mystery of God.
  16. Medieval theories of haecceity.Richard Cross - 2003 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
     
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  17.  60
    Duns Scotus on Essence and Existence.Richard Cross - 2013 - Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy 1 (1).
    When presenting one of a sequence of theories on individuation, Duns Scotus argues for a formal distinction in creatures between an individual essence and its existence. His reason is that, otherwise, an individual creature would be a necessary existent. Since Scotus maintains that essence is potential to existence, this paper shows how this discussion relates to his exhaustive analysis of actuality and metaphysical potency in the questions on the Metaphysics, book IX, qq. 1–2, concluding that Scotus’s views on essence and (...)
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  18.  77
    Incarnation, omnipresence, and action at a distance.Richard Cross - 2003 - Neue Zeitschrift für Systematicsche Theologie Und Religionsphilosophie 45 (3):293-312.
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  19.  53
    Testimony, Error, and Reasonable Belief in Medieval Religious Epistemology.Richard Cross - 2018 - In Matthew A. Benton, John Hawthorne & Dani Rabinowitz (eds.), Knowledge, Belief, and God: New Insights in Religious Epistemology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  20.  87
    Moral Dilemmas in Medieval Thought from Gratian to Aquinas. By M.V. Dougherty. (Cambridge UP, 2011. Pp. x + 226. Price £55.00, $90.00.).Richard Cross - 2012 - Philosophical Quarterly 62 (247):404-405.
  21.  6
    Two Models of the Trinity?Richard Cross - 2002 - Heythrop Journal 43 (3):275-294.
    Contrary to a common assumption, I argue that there is full agreement between East and West on the issue of the relation between the divine essence and the divine persons. I defend this claim by using the understanding of universals found in D. M. Armstrong to cast light on the theories. Taking Gregory of Nyssa and John of Damascus as representatives of the Eastern tradition, I show that this tradition sees the divine essence as a numerically singular object that is (...)
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  22. Four-dimensionalism and identity across time: Henry of ghent vs. Bonaventure.Richard Cross - 1999 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 37 (3):393-414.
  23. Deification In Aquinas: Created or Uncreated?Richard Cross - 2018 - Journal of Theological Studies 69 (1):106–132.
     
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  24.  65
    Infinity, Continuity, and Composition: The Contribution of Gregory of Rimini.Richard Cross - 1998 - Journal of Nietzsche Studies 7 (1):89-110.
    Gregory of Rimini (1300s motivations for accepting this view, and indeed how precisely he understands it.
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  25.  62
    Form and Universal in Boethius.Richard Cross - 2012 - British Journal for the History of Philosophy 20 (3):439-458.
    Contrary to the claims of recent commentators, I argue that Boethius holds a modified version of the Ammonian three-fold universal (transcendent, immanent, and conceptual). He probably identifies transcendent universals as divine ideas, and accepts too forms immanent in corporeal particulars, most likely construing these along the Aphrodisian lines that he hints at in a well-known passage from his second commentary on Porphyry's Isagoge. Boethius never states the theory of the three-fold form outright, but I attempt to show that this theory (...)
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  26.  70
    I—Marilyn McCord Adams: What's Metaphysically Special about Supposits? Some Medieval Variations on Aristotelian Substance 1.Marilyn McCord Adams & Richard Cross - 2005 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 79 (1):15-52.
  27.  94
    Perichoresis, deification, and christological predication in John of Damascus.Richard Cross - 2000 - Mediaeval Studies 62 (1):69-124.
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  28. Duns Scotus on Eternity and Timelessness.Richard Cross - 1997 - Faith and Philosophy 14 (1):3-25.
    Scotus consistently holds that eternity is to be understood as timelessness. In his early Lectura, he criticizes Aquinas’ account of eternity on the grounds that (1) it entails collapsing past and future into the present, and (2) it entails a B-theory of time, according to which past, present and future are all ontologically on a par with each other. Scotus later comes to accept something like Aquinas’ account of God’s timelessness and the B-theory of time which it entails. Scotus also (...)
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  29. .Richard Cross - 2005
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  30. Vehicle externalism and the metaphysics of the incarnation: a medieval contribution.Richard Cross - 2011 - In Anna Marmodoro & Jonathan Hill (eds.), The Metaphysics of the Incarnation. Oxford University Press.
     
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  31.  78
    Henry of ghent on the reality of non-existing possibles – revisited.Richard Cross - 2010 - Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 92 (2):115-132.
    According to a well-known interpretation, Henry of Ghent holds that possible but non-existent essences – items merely with what Henry labels ‘ esse essentiae ’ – have some reality external to the divine mind, but short of actual existence ( esse existentiae ). I argue that this reading of Henry is mistaken. Furthermore, Henry identifies any essence, considered independently of its existence as a universal concept or as instantiated in a particular as an item that has some kind of reality (...)
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  32. Analytical Thomism: Traditions in Dialogue, Craig Paterson & Matthew Pugh eds. (Review). [REVIEW]Richard Cross - 2007 - Ars Disputandi 7.
  33. Duns Scotus and Analogy.Richard Cross - 2012 - Modern Schoolman 89 (3-4):147-154.
    Duns Scotus defends the view that we can speak univocally of God and creatures. When we do so, we use words in the same sense in the two cases. Scotus maintains that the concepts that these univocal words signify are themselves univocal: the same concept in the two cases. In this paper, I consider a related question: does Duns Scotus have the notion of analogous concepts—concepts whose relation to each other lies somewhere between the univocal and the equivocal? Using some (...)
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  34. The medieval Christian philosophers: an introduction.Richard Cross - 2013 - New York: I.B. Tauris & Co..
    The High Middle Ages were remarkable for their coherent sense of 'Christendom': of people who belonged to a homogeneous Christian society marked by uniform rituals of birth and death and worship. That uniformity, which came under increasing strain as national European characteristics became more pronounced, achieved perhaps its most perfect intellectual expression in the thought of the western Christian thinkers who are sometimes called 'scholastic theologians'. This book offers the first focused introduction to these thinkers based on the individuals themselves (...)
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  35.  14
    Henry of Ghent on the Reality of Non-Existing Possibles – Revisited.Richard Cross - 2010 - Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 92 (2):115-132.
    According to a well-known interpretation, Henry of Ghent holds that possible but non-existent essences – items merely with what Henry labels ‘esse essentiae’ – have some reality external to the divine mind, but short of actual existence (esse existentiae). I argue that this reading of Henry is mistaken. Furthermore, Henry identifies any essence, considered independently of its existence as a universal concept or as instantiated in a particular as an item that has some kind of reality in the divine intellect, (...)
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  36. Atonement without satisfaction.Richard Cross - 2001 - Religious Studies 37 (4):397-416.
    According to Swinburne, one way of dealing with the guilt that attaches to a morally bad action is satisfaction, consisting of repentance, apology, reparation, and penance. Thus, Christ's life and death make atonement for human sin by providing a reparation which human beings would otherwise be unable to pay. I argue that the nature of God's creative activity entails that human beings can by themselves make reparation for their sins, merely by apology. So there is no need for additional reparation, (...)
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  37.  38
    Divisibility, Communicability, and Predicability in Duns Scotus’s Theories of the Common Nature.Richard Cross - 2003 - Medieval Philosophy & Theology 11 (1):43-63.
  38.  71
    Incarnation, Indwelling, and the Vision of God: Henry of Ghent and Some Franciscans.Richard Cross - 1999 - Franciscan Studies 57 (1):79 - 130.
    According to Henry of Ghent (d. 1293), it is impossible for the second person of the Trinity to assume into unity of person an irrational nature (e.g., a stone nature), or to assume a rational nature that does not enjoy the beatific vision. He argues that the assumption of a nature to a divine person entails both that the nature has the sort of powers that could exercise supernatural activities and that these powers are exercised. Henry’s Franciscan opponents argue against (...)
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  39. Duns scotus's anti-reductionistic account of material substance.Richard Cross - 1995 - Vivarium 33 (2):137-170.
  40. Duns Scotus on the Will and Morality, selected and translated with an introduction by Allan B. Wolter, OFM. New edition. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press , 1998. 340 pp. pb. £22.50. ISBN 0-8132-0895-5. [REVIEW]Richard Cross - 1999 - Studies in Christian Ethics 12 (1):142-144.
  41.  61
    Divisibility, Communicability, and Predicability in Duns Scotus’s Theories of the Common Nature.Richard Cross - 2003 - Journal of Nietzsche Studies 11 (1):43-63.
  42. Recent work on the philosophy of duns scotus.Richard Cross - 2010 - Philosophy Compass 5 (8):667-675.
    This article highlights five areas of Scotus' philosophy that have recently been the subject of scholarly discussion. (1) Metaphysics : I outline the most current accounts of Scotus on individuation (thisness or haecceity) and the common nature. (2) Modal theory : I consider recent accounts both of Scotus' innovations in spelling out the notion of the logically (and broadly logically) possible, and of his account of the independence of modality. (3) Cognitive psychology : I examine recent views of Scotus' theory (...)
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  43. Book Review: Love of Self and Love of God in Thirteenth-Century Ethics. [REVIEW]Richard Cross - 2007 - Studies in Christian Ethics 20 (1):146-150.
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  44.  61
    Review: The Philosophy of John Duns Scotus. [REVIEW]Richard Cross - 2010 - Journal of Scottish Philosophy 8 (2):211-213.
  45. Duns scotus: Some recent research.Richard Cross - 2011 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 49 (3):271-295.
    Duns Scotus (c. 1266-1308) has long ranked as one of the most challenging of philosophers. He was known from shortly after his death as doctor subtilis—the subtle doctor—and his obscure style and complex thought-processes make him a hard thinker to study. That said, he quickly established an almost cult following among his students, and his thought, for all its density, remained hugely popular throughout the Middle Ages and beyond. It is no exaggeration to claim that the last two decades have (...)
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  46.  46
    Disability, impairment, and some medieval accounts of the incarnation: Suggestions for a theology of personhood.Richard Cross - 2011 - Modern Theology 27 (4):639-658.
    Drawing on insights from the medieval theologians Duns Scotus and Hervaeus Natalis, I argue that medieval views of the incarnation require that there is a sense in which the divine person depends on his human nature for his human personhood, and thus that the paradigmatic pattern of human personhood is in some way dependent existence. I relate this to a modern distinction between impairment and disability to show that impairment—understood as dependence—is normative for human personhood. I try to show how (...)
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  47.  32
    John Duns Scotus. Duns Scotus on Time and Existence: The Questions on Aristotle’s “De interpretatione.” Trans. and ed. Edward Buckner and Jack Zupko. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2014. Pp. 376. $69.95. [REVIEW]Richard Cross - 2016 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 6 (2):352-353.
  48.  30
    Are Names Said of God and Creatures Univocally?Richard Cross - 2018 - American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 92 (2):313-320.
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  49.  41
    Duns Scotus on the Semantic Content of Cognitive Acts and Species.Richard Cross - 2010 - Quaestio 10:135-154.
    Scotus holds that dispositional and occurrent cognitions are qualities that inhere in the soul. These qualities have semantic or conceptual content. I show that such content is nothing in any sense real, and that this content consists either in the relevant quality’s being measured by an extramental object, or in its being such that it would be measured by such an object in the case that there were such an object. The measurement relation, in the case of an intelligible species, (...)
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  50. Analytical Thomism: Traditions in Dialogue, edited by Craig Paterson and Matthew S. Pugh. [REVIEW]Richard Cross - 2007 - Ars Disputandi 7.
     
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