With an overwhelming volume of studies on Venice's port architecture and coastal protection, the challenge remains to convey to lay readers how the science of hydraulics was applied. This article reports an experiment in creating a vivid narrative of the movement and effects of sand over a relatively short period of twelve years (1610-1622), which, in this case, started with the fifteen-year-old carcass of a shipwreck at risk of capsizing. I emulate how the erosion of sandbanks triggered by the stranded (...) wreck affected the subsequent silting of the canal. This, in turn, influenced the relationships between land and sea, access and obstruction, and arrivals and departures. Such a microhistory of sand offers a broad picture of the maritime know-how and technology that came into play. Finally, the essay reflects on microhistory's potential to explore port architecture’s technicalities. This approach yields an understanding of the exquisitely practical, in-depth details of the engineering response to significant, contemporary, normal, and catastrophic events. (shrink)

A typology of rumours is constructed according to their relation to reality after their veracity has been authenticated. True rumours become information. Untrue rumours are categorized as affirming or denying rumours; affirming rumours state the reality of imaginary facts, whereas denying rumours undermine the reality of established facts. Denying rumour types are distinguished and discussed under rubrics of alleged survival, doubles, bogus events and so on, and through their characteristic features of hypercritical thinking, hidden reality revelation and plot denunciation. In (...) a world where knowledge is no longer seen as objective or final, where the public have become suspicious of governments and the media, and where real and synthetic images are often indistinguishable, denying rumours and ideas are expected to feature more significantly on the information market, as already typified by activity on the web. (shrink)

En este texto confluyen logradamente varios géneros literarios: es una autobiografía, porque ante nuestros ojos vemos transcurrir parte de la vida del autor; pero también es un testimonio histórico, porque aborda acontecimientos verídicamente ocurridos en el Chile que existió entre los años 1965 y 1973. Paralelamente, estamos en presencia de un texto político, que aborda la problemática de la lucha de clases y su expresión en cuanto a correlación de fuerzas sociales, políticas y, al menos esb..

At first approach the use of the word “superstition” is such that it is impossible to apply the term strictly in the human sciences. Its connotation, that is its content, is particularly subjective and negative. And its extension, that is its area of application, is indefinite and makes of it a concept that can refer to just about anything.

The image of the Other, particularly in the Western World, expresses itself through a continuous flow of representations of fabulous peoples with strange physical appearance living in far-away places. In our day, the successors to the sirens, Cyclops, unípedes and cynecephala of Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance are the Sirians, Saturnians, Selenites and Martians of the 17th through the 20th centuries.

Les théories de l'Institution: essai d'ontologie juridique / Georges Renard Date de l'édition originale: 1930 Le présent ouvrage s'inscrit dans une politique de conservation patrimoniale des ouvrages de la littérature Française mise en place avec la BNF. HACHETTE LIVRE et la BNF proposent ainsi un catalogue de titres indisponibles, la BNF ayant numérisé ces oeuvres et HACHETTE LIVRE les imprimant à la demande. Certains de ces ouvrages reflètent des courants de pensée caractéristiques de leur époque, mais qui seraient aujourd'hui (...) jugés condamnables. Ils n'en appartiennent pas moins à l'histoire des idées en France et sont susceptibles de présenter un intérêt scientifique ou historique. Le sens de notre démarche éditoriale consiste ainsi à permettre l'accès à ces oeuvres sans pour autant que nous en cautionnions en aucune façon le contenu. Pour plus d'informations, rendez-vous sur www.hachettebnf.fr. (shrink)

This article discusses the notion of stylization of character in the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche through a few central themes of his philosophy, such as the evaluative critique of western modernity, the 'eternal recurrence' and the meaning of 'untimely'. Using his complete works and a few interpreters, the article aims at establishing an interpretation of the meaning of 'active wisdom' through the development and the mixture, simultaneously unsystematic and careful, of the themes mentioned above.O artigo aborda o tema da estilização (...) do caráter no pensamento de Friedrich Nietzsche, através da apropriação de alguns dos temas centrais da sua filosofia, tais como a crítica avaliativa da modernidade ocidental, o pensamento do 'eterno retorno' e o sentido da 'extemporaneidade' [unzeitgemässe]. Através de um percurso pelo conjunto da sua obra e pelos textos de alguns dos seus comentadores, procura-se estabelecer uma interpretação do significado da sabedoria ativa através do desenvolvimento e embaralhamento, ao mesmo tempo livre e cuidadoso, dos temas referidos acima. (shrink)

O artigo aborda o tema da estilização do caráter no pensamento de Friedrich Nietzsche, através da apropriação de alguns dos temas centrais da sua filosofia, tais como a crítica avaliativa da modernidade ocidental, o pensamento do ‘eterno retorno’ e o sentido da ‘extemporaneidade’ [unzeitgemässe]. Através de um percurso pelo conjunto da sua obra e pelos textos de alguns dos seus comentadores, procura-se estabelecer uma interpretação do significado da sabedoria ativa através do desenvolvimento e embaralhamento, ao mesmo tempo livre e cuidadoso, (...) dos temas referidos acima. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo inicia-se com uma distinção entre poesia e filosofia, a partir do destaque da relação especial que a primeira mantém com a palavra. O enfoque desloca-se para o pensamento de Friedrich Nietzsche, argumentando haver, em seus escritos, a construção de uma filosofia nada convencional, em parte por conta do estatuto das ideias expostas, mas também e sobremaneira pela relação íntima com a arte poética, o que se faz evidente pela estilização do pensamento. A hipótese principal é de que (...) não se pode bem compreender a transgressão semântica operada por Nietzsche - sua famosa "transvaloração dos valores" - sem que se considere a transgressão estilística. Por fim, a linguagem aforismática utilizada por Nietzsche é apresentada como a sua "arte do estilo" por excelência.: This article begins by distinguishing poetry from philosophy on the basis of the special relationship that the former has with the written word. The focus then shifts to the thinking of Friedrich Nietzsche, and it is argued that in his writings one finds the construction of an unconventional philosophy in part because of the ideas expounded by the author, but also and especially because of its intimate relationship with poetic art, evident in the stylization of thought. It is further argued that Nietzsche's semantic transgression - his famous "transvaluation of values" - can not be properly understood without stylistic transgression. Finally, Nietzsche's aphoristic language is presented as his "art of style" par excellence. (shrink)

The article consistes in a comparative study between Friedrich Nietzsche's and Max Weber's conceptions of culture, their critical analyses of modernity and the ethical answers that follow from them. In spite of the important affinities between the two authors, the article tries to show that the main character of the comparison is that of the divergence and incompatibility.O artigo consiste num estudo comparativo entre as concepções de cultura de Friedrich Nietzsche e Max Weber, suas análises críticas da modernidade e as (...) respostas éticas que as acompanham. Apesar das importantes afinidades encontradas entre os autores, o artigo procura mostrar que o caráter principal da comparação entre os seus pensamentos é o do desencontro e da incompatibilidade. (shrink)

O artigo consiste num estudo comparativo entre as concepções de cultura de Friedrich Nietzsche e Max Weber, suas análises críticas da modernidade e as respostas éticas que as acompanham. Apesar das importantes afinidades encontradas entre os autores, o artigo procura mostrar que o caráter principal da comparação entre os seus pensamentos é o do desencontro e da incompatibilidade.

Les textes composant le dossier thématique de ce numéro abordent quelques facettes de la relation qu’entretiennent les technologies numéri­ques avec l’éthique. L’emprise des technologies sur une grande partie des activités humaines est aujourd’hui difficilement contestable et le monde numérique comporte son lot de pratiques et de règles, parfois en rupture avec les modèles existants. Dans ce contexte, comment faire en sorte que les diverses manifestations du numérique respectent l’éthique et,..

We can construct a typology of rumours - defined broadly as unverified news - according to their relation to reality after their degree of veracity has been established, at least in the current state of knowledge, by experts (historians, scientists, police officers, journalists, and so on). If a rumour turns out to be correct it becomes an item of information. If a rumour is untrue it comes into the categories of affirming or denying rumours. Affirming rumours, which are the most (...) common type, state the reality of imaginary facts, for instance the rumour claiming that bananas from Costa Rica pass on to people flesh-eating bacteria that cause general necrosis. Denying rumours, which are rarer, deny the reality of established facts, for example rumours claiming that Elvis Presley is not dead or that Americans have never walked on the moon.It seems useful to distinguish various terms indicating negation. Rumours will be termed negative when they state facts associated with fear or hostility, whereas positive rumours evoke happy, welcome events. French researchers, who assign colours to rumours, talk about ‘black’ rumours or ‘rose-tinted’ ones. Specialists agree that there are around nine black rumours for every rose-tinted one. Rouquette (1975, 1990) has thoroughly studied this ‘bias towards negativity’, which is one of the main features of rumours. I shall talk about denying rumours and ideas when they deny commonly accepted events. These rumours are not necessarily negative: for instance survival legends often express the wish that a loved person were not dead. Finally, among denying rumours and ideas, we shall reserve the word negationist for revisionist claims that the gas chambers did not exist, or that a Nazi did not plan to exterminate the Jews during the Second World War. (shrink)

Generative AI programs can produce high-quality written and visual content that may be used for good or ill. We argue that a credit–blame asymmetry arises for assigning responsibility for these outputs and discuss urgent ethical and policy implications focused on large-scale language models.

Aḥmad al-Ghazālī, Remembrance, and the Metaphysics of Love. By Joseph E. B. Lumbard. SUNY Series in Islam. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2016. Pp. x + 259. $80.

Le rapprochement entre émancipation féminine et religion peut sembler incongru, car il est généralement admis que les convictions religieuses sont un obstacle au féminisme et à toute forme d'émancipation. Il apparaît toutefois que les idées religieuses de George Sand, issues de différents courants de pensée du romantisme, peuvent servir de point d'appui à l'émancipation féminine. Elles semblent en outre préfigurer certaines découvertes des sciences humaines, de la sociologie historique et de l'ethnologie notamment, qu'avait résumées Bachofen vers 1860 sous le vocable (...) " religions favorables au droit de la mère ". The parallel between emancipation of women and religion could seem incongruous since it is generally accepted that religious convictions are an obstacle to feminism or to any form of emancipation. It would appear however that George Sand's religious ideas, stemming from various thought trends in romanticism, could serve to support women's emancipation. Sand's ideas also prefigure certain discoveries of human sciences, notably historical sociology and ethnology, which Bachofen had summarised around 1860 under the expression " religions favourable to maternal right ". (shrink)