Results for 'Reidun Foerde'

51 found
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  1. Patient autonomy in emergency medicine.Anne-Cathrine Naess, Reidun Foerde & Petter Andreas Steen - 2001 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 4 (1):71-77.
    Theoretical models for patient-physician communication in clinical practice are frequently described in the literature. Respecting patient autonomy is an ethical problem the physician faces in a medical emergency situation. No theoretical physician-patient model seems to be ideal for solving the communication problem in clinical practice. Theoretical models can at best give guidance to behavior and judgement in emergency situations. In this article the premises of autonomous treatment decisions are discussed. Based on a case-report we discuss different genuine efforts the physician (...)
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  2.  36
    The Role of Ethics in Reducing and Improving the Quality of Coercion in Mental Health Care.Reidun Norvoll, Marit Helene Hem & Reidar Pedersen - 2017 - HEC Forum 29 (1):59-74.
    Coercion in mental health care gives rise to many ethical challenges. Many countries have recently implemented state policy programs or development projects aiming to reduce coercive practices and improve their quality. Few studies have explored the possible role of ethics in such initiatives. This study adds to this subject by exploring health professionals’ descriptions of their ethical challenges and strategies in everyday life to ensure morally justified coercion and best practices. Seven semi-structured telephone interviews were carried out in 2012 with (...)
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  3.  22
    Patients’ moral views on coercion in mental healthcare.Reidun Norvoll & Reidar Pedersen - 2018 - Nursing Ethics 25 (6):796-807.
    Background: Coercion in mental healthcare has led to ethical debate on its nature and use. However, few studies have explicitly explored patients’ moral evaluations of coercion. Aim: The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of patients’ moral views and considerations regarding coercion. Research design: Semi-structured focus-group and individual interviews were conducted and data were analysed through a thematic content analysis. Participants and research context: A total of 24 adult participants with various mental health problems and experiences with coercion (...)
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  4.  31
    Clinical ethics committees – also for mental health care? The Norwegian experience.Irene Syse, Reidun Førde & Reidar Pedersen - 2016 - Clinical Ethics 11 (2-3):81-86.
    Background The aim was to explore how the clinical ethics committees in Norway have worked and functioned within mental health care and addiction treatment services. Methods Analysis of 256 annual reports from clinical ethics committees from 2003 to 2012 and a survey to clinicians who had used a clinical ethics committee. Results Dilemmas related to coercion, confidentiality, information, and patient autonomy dominated. The committees established only for psychiatric hospitals, had received more cases from mental health and addiction services than the (...)
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  5.  28
    Professional Challenges of Bedside Rationing in Intensive Care.Kristin Halvorsen, Reidun Førde & Per Nortvedt - 2008 - Nursing Ethics 15 (6):715-728.
    As the pressure on available health care resources grows, an increasing moral challenge in intensive care is to secure a fair distribution of nursing care and medical treatment. The aim of this article is to explore how limited resources influence nursing care and medical treatment in intensive care, and to explore whether intensive care unit clinicians use national prioritization criteria in clinical deliberations. The study used a qualitative approach including participant observation and in-depth interviews with intensive care unit physicians and (...)
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  6.  44
    Ethical decision-making in nursing homes: Influence of organizational factors.Anne Dreyer, Reidun Førde & Per Nortvedt - 2011 - Nursing Ethics 18 (4):514-525.
    In this article we report findings from a qualitative study that explored how doctors and nurses in nursing homes describe professional collaboration around dying patients. The study also examined the consequences this can have for the life-prolonging treatment of patients and the care of them and their relatives. Nine doctors and 10 nurses from 10 Norwegian nursing homes were interviewed about their experience of decision-making processes on life-prolonging treatment and care. The findings reveal that the frameworks for the professional collaboration (...)
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  7. Inclusion of psychosocial conditions in clinical practice and the problem of medicalization.Reidun Førde - 1996 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 17 (2).
    It is generally accepted today that the biomedical model's exclusive focus on the patient's somatic condition is too narrow. The biomedical model, however, has additional shortcomings. In the first place, resources are left out of the diagnostic perspective. Secondly, the automatic interpretation of symptoms and deviations from normal as present or potential threats to the individual's health. In this paper it is claimed that these characteristics of the biomedical model can lead to medicalization. To elucidate these claims, an alternative approach (...)
     
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  8.  42
    Staff and family relationships in end-of-life nursing home care.Elisabeth Gjerberg, Reidun Førde & Arild Bjørndal - 2011 - Nursing Ethics 18 (1):42-53.
    This article examines the involvement of residents and their relatives in end-of-life decisions and care in Norwegian nursing homes. It also explores challenges in these staff—family relationships. The article is based on a nationwide survey examining Norwegian nursing homes’ end-of-life care at ward level. Only a minority of the participant Norwegian nursing home wards ‘usually’ explore residents’ preferences for care and treatment at the end of their life, and few have written procedures on the involvement of family caregivers when their (...)
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  9.  64
    Clinical Ethics Committees in Norway: What Do They Do, and Does It Make a Difference?Reidun Førde & Reidar Pedersen - 2011 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20 (3):389-395.
    The first clinical ethics committees in Norway were established in 1996. This started as an initiative from hospital clinicians, the Norwegian Medical Association, and health authorities and politicians. Norwegian hospitals are, by and large, publicly funded through taxation, and all inpatient treatment is free of charge. Today, all the 23 hospital trusts have established at least one committee. Center for Medical Ethics , University of Oslo, receives an annual amount of US$335,000 from the Ministry of Health and Care Services to (...)
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  10.  67
    “It scares me to know that we might not have been there!”: a qualitative study into the experiences of parents of seriously ill children participating in ethical case discussions.Reidun Førde & Trude Linja - 2015 - BMC Medical Ethics 16 (1):1-8.
    BackgroundAll hospital trusts in Norway have clinical ethics committees. Some of them invite next of kin/patients to be present during the discussion of their case. This study looks closer at how parents of seriously ill children have experienced being involved in CEC discussions.MethodsTen next of kin of six seriously ill children were interviewed. Their cases were discussed in two CECs between April of 2011 and March of 2014. The main ethical dilemma was limitation of life-prolonging treatment. Health care personnel who (...)
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  11.  16
    Inter-physician variability in strategies linked to treatment limitations after severe traumatic brain injury; proactivity or wait-and-see.Reidun Førde, Eirik Helseth & Annette Robertsen - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-9.
    BackgroundPrognostic uncertainty is a challenge for physicians in the neuro intensive care field. Questions about whether continued life-sustaining treatment is in a patient’s best interests arise in different phases after a severe traumatic brain injury. In-depth information about how physicians deal with ethical issues in different contexts is lacking. The purpose of this study was to seek insight into clinicians’ strategies concerning unresolved prognostic uncertainty and their ethical reasoning on the issue of limitation of life-sustaining treatment in patients with minimal (...)
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  12.  54
    Involving patients and relatives in a Norwegian clinical ethics committee: what have we learned?Reidun Førde & Thor Willy Ruud Hansen - 2009 - Clinical Ethics 4 (3):125-130.
    To date, few Norwegian clinical ethics committees (CECs) have included patients or next of kin in case discussions. In 2008, Rikshospitalet's (The National Hospital's) CEC began to routinely invite patients and relatives into case discussions. In this paper, we describe seven cases discussed by this committee in 2008. Six involved life and death decision-making in collaboration with the next of kin, while one related case did not include relatives. In our opinion, representing the patient's perspective was advantageous to the discussion (...)
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  13. Evaluation of case consultations in clinical ethics committees.Reidun Førde & Reidar Pedersen - 2012 - Clinical Ethics 7 (1):45-50.
    If ethics consultation services influence medical decisions it is important to evaluate how ethical dilemmas are dealt with by clinical ethics committees (CECs). Such evaluation is rare. This study presents a feasible and practical method of evaluating case discussions in CECs and the results emerging from the use of this method. A written presentation of an end-of-life dilemma was sent to all Norwegian ethics committees. The committees were asked to deal with the case as they would do if it was (...)
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  14.  45
    How Can Empirical Ethics Improve Medical Practice?Reidun Førde - 2012 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 21 (4):517-526.
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  15.  87
    Physicians' Access to Ethics Support Services in Four European Countries.Samia A. Hurst, Stella Reiter-Theil, Arnaud Perrier, Reidun Forde, Anne-Marie Slowther, Renzo Pegoraro & Marion Danis - 2007 - Health Care Analysis 15 (4):321-335.
    Clinical ethics support services are developing in Europe. They will be most useful if they are designed to match the ethical concerns of clinicians. We conducted a cross-sectional mailed survey on random samples of general physicians in Norway, Switzerland, Italy, and the UK, to assess their access to different types of ethics support services, and to describe what makes them more likely to have used available ethics support. Respondents reported access to formal ethics support services such as clinical ethics committees (...)
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  16.  58
    Do Organizational and Clinical Ethics in a Hospital Setting Need Different Venues?Reidun Førde & Thor Willy Ruud Hansen - 2014 - HEC Forum 26 (2):147-158.
    The structure of ethics work in a hospital is complex. Professional ethics, research ethics and clinical ethics committees (CECs) are important parts of this structure, in addition to laws and national and institutional codes of ethics. In Norway all hospital trusts have a CEC, most of these discuss cases by means of a method which seeks to include relevant guidelines and laws into the discussion. In recent years many committees have received more cases which have concerned questions of principle. According (...)
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  17.  35
    Two years of ethics reflection groups about coercion in psychiatry. Measuring variation within employees’ normative attitudes, user involvement and the handling of disagreement.Bert Molewijk, Reidar Pedersen, Almar Kok, Reidun Førde & Olaf Aasland - 2023 - BMC Medical Ethics 24 (1):1-19.
    Background Research on the impact of ethics reflection groups (ERG) (also called moral case deliberations (MCD)) is complex and scarce. Within a larger study, two years of ERG sessions have been used as an intervention to stimulate ethical reflection about the use of coercive measures. We studied changes in: employees’ attitudes regarding the use of coercion, team competence, user involvement, team cooperation and the handling of disagreement in teams. Methods We used panel data in a longitudinal design study to measure (...)
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  18.  21
    Next of kin’s experiences of involvement during involuntary hospitalisation and coercion.Reidun Førde, Reidun Norvoll, Marit Helene Hem & Reidar Pedersen - 2016 - BMC Medical Ethics 17 (1):76.
    BackgroundNorway has extensive and detailed legal requirements and guidelines concerning involvement of next of kin during involuntary hospital treatment of seriously mentally ill patients. However, we have little knowledge about what happens in practice. This study explores NOK’s views and experiences of involvement during involuntary hospitalisation in Norway.MethodsWe performed qualitative interviews-focus groups and individual-with 36 adult NOK to adults and adolescents who had been involuntarily admitted once or several times. The semi-structured interview guide included questions on experiences with and views (...)
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  19.  30
    How to succeed with ethics reflection groups in community healthcare? Professionals’ perceptions.Heidi Karlsen, Lillian Lillemoen, Morten Magelssen, Reidun Førde, Reidar Pedersen & Elisabeth Gjerberg - 2019 - Nursing Ethics 26 (4):1243-1255.
    Background: Healthcare personnel in the municipal healthcare systems experience many ethical challenges in their everyday work. In Norway, 243 municipalities participated in a national ethics project, aimed to increase ethical competence in municipal healthcare services. In this study, we wanted to map out what participants in ethics reflection groups experienced as promoters or as barriers to successful reflection. Objectives: To examine what the staff experience as promoters or as barriers to successful ethics reflection. Research design: The study has a qualitative (...)
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  20.  81
    Competing conceptions of diagnostic reasoning – is there a way out?Reidun Førde - 1998 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 19 (1):59-72.
    Diagnostic errors are more frequently a result of the clinician's failure to combine medical knowledge adequately than of data inaccuracy. Diagnostic reasoning studies are valuable to understand and improve diagnostic reasoning. However, most diagnostic reasoning studies are characterized by some limitations which make these studies seem more simple than diagnostic reasoning in real life situations actually is. These limitations are connected both to the failure to acknowledge components of knowledge used in clinical practice as well as to acknowledge the physician-patient (...)
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  21.  79
    Evaluation of clinical ethics support services and its normativity.Jan Schildmann, Bert Molewijk, Lazare Benaroyo, Reidun Forde & Gerald Neitzke - 2013 - Journal of Medical Ethics 39 (11):681-685.
    Evaluation of clinical ethics support services (CESS) has attracted considerable interest in recent decades. However, few evaluation studies are explicit about normative presuppositions which underlie the goals and the research design of CESS evaluation. In this paper, we provide an account of normative premises of different approaches to CESS evaluation and argue that normativity should be a focus of considerations when designing and conducting evaluation research of CESS. In a first step, we present three different approaches to CESS evaluation from (...)
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  22.  42
    Rationing home-based nursing care: professional ethical implications.Siri Tønnessen, Per Nortvedt & Reidun Førde - 2011 - Nursing Ethics 18 (3):386-396.
    The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses’ decisions about priorities in home-based nursing care. Qualitative research interviews were conducted with 17 nurses in home-based care. The interviews were analyzed and interpreted according to a hermeneutic methodology. Nurses describe clinical priorities in home-based care as rationing care to mind the gap between an extensive workload and staff shortages. By organizing home-based care according to tight time schedules, the nurses’ are able to provide care for as many patients as possible. (...)
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  23.  56
    Discussing End-of-Life Decisions in a Clinical Ethics Committee: An Interview Study of Norwegian Doctors’ Experience.Marianne K. Bahus & Reidun Førde - 2016 - HEC Forum 28 (3):261-272.
    With disagreement, doubts, or ambiguous grounds in end–of-life decisions, doctors are advised to involve a clinical ethics committee. However, little has been published on doctors’ experiences with discussing an end-of-life decision in a CEC. As part of the quality assurance of this work, we wanted to find out if clinicians have benefited from discussing end-of-life decisions in CECs and why. We will disseminate some Norwegian doctors’ experiences when discussing end-of-life decisions in CECs, based on semi-structured interviews with fifteen Norwegian physicians (...)
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  24.  65
    Evaluating clinical ethics support in mental healthcare.Marit Helene Hem, Reidar Pedersen, Reidun Norvoll & Bert Molewijk - 2015 - Nursing Ethics 22 (4):452-466.
    A systematic literature review on evaluation of clinical ethics support services in mental healthcare is presented and discussed. The focus was on (a) forms of clinical ethics support services, (b) evaluation of clinical ethics support services, (c) contexts and participants and (d) results. Five studies were included. The ethics support activities described were moral case deliberations and ethics rounds. Different qualitative and quantitative research methods were utilized. The results show that (a) participants felt that they gained an increased insight into (...)
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  25.  41
    Clinicians' evaluation of clinical ethics consultations in Norway: a qualitative study. [REVIEW]Reidun Førde, Reidar Pedersen & Victoria Akre - 2008 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 11 (1):17-25.
    Clinical ethics committees have existed in Norway since 1996. By now all hospital trusts have one. An evaluation of these committees’ work was started in 2004. This paper presents results from an interview study of eight clinicians who evaluated six committees’ deliberations on 10 clinical cases. The study indicates that the clinicians found the clinical ethics consultations useful and worth while doing. However, a systematic approach to case consultations is vital. Procedures and mandate of the committees should be known to (...)
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  26.  20
    Food Folio by Columbia Center for Eating Disorders: A Freely Available Food Image Database.E. Caitlin Lloyd, Zarrar Shehzad, Janet Schebendach, Akram Bakkour, Alice M. Xue, Naomi Folasade Assaf, Rayman Jilani, B. Timothy Walsh, Joanna Steinglass & Karin Foerde - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Food images are useful stimuli for the study of cognitive processes as well as eating behavior. To enhance rigor and reproducibility in task-based research, it is advantageous to have stimulus sets that are publicly available and well characterized. Food Folio by Columbia Center for Eating Disorders is a publicly available set of 138 images of Western food items. The set was developed for the study of eating disorders, particularly for use in tasks that capture eating behavior characteristic of these illnesses. (...)
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  27.  36
    Is imperfection becoming easier to live with for doctors?Reidun Førde & Olaf G. Aasland - 2017 - Clinical Ethics 12 (1):31-36.
    Objective Being involved in serious patient injury is devastating for most doctors. During the last two decades, several efforts have been launched to improve Norwegian doctors’ coping with adverse events and complaints. Methods The method involved survey to a representative sample of 1792 Norwegian doctors in 2012. The questions on adverse events and its effects were previously asked in 2000. Results Response rate was 71%. More doctors reported to have been involved in episodes with serious patient harm in 2012 (35%) (...)
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  28.  17
    Priority setting at the clinical level: the case of nusinersen and the Norwegian national expert group.Reidun Førde, Sean Wallace, Magnhild Rasmussen & Morten Magelssen - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-8.
    BackgroundNusinersen is one of an increasing number of new, expensive orphan drugs to receive authorization. These drugs strain public healthcare budgets and challenge principles for resource allocation. Nusinersen was introduced in the Norwegian public healthcare system in 2018. A national expert group consisting of physicians was formed to oversee the introduction and continuation of treatment in light of specific start and stop criteria.MethodsWe have studied experiences within the expert group with a special emphasis on their application of the start and (...)
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  29.  36
    Between professional values, social regulations and patient preferences: medical doctors' perceptions of ethical dilemmas.Berit Bringedal, Karin Isaksson Rø, Morten Magelssen, Reidun Førde & Olaf Gjerløv Aasland - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics:medethics-2017-104408.
    Background We present and discuss the results of a Norwegian survey of medical doctors' views on potential ethical dilemmas in professional practice. Methods The study was conducted in 2015 as a postal questionnaire to a representative sample of 1612 doctors, among which 1261 responded. We provided a list of 41 potential ethical dilemmas and asked whether each was considered a dilemma, and whether the doctor would perform the task, if in a position to do so. Conceptually, dilemmas arise because of (...)
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  30.  53
    What Matters to the Parents? a qualitative study of parents' experiences with life-and-death decisions concerning their premature infants.Berit Støre Brinchmann, Reidun Førde & Per Nortvedt - 2002 - Nursing Ethics 9 (4):388-404.
    The aim of this article is to generate knowledge about parents’ participation in life-and-death decisions concerning their very premature and/or critically ill infants in hospital neonatal units. The question is: what are parents’ attitudes towards their involvement in such decision making? A descriptive study design using in-depth interviews was chosen. During the period 1997-2000, 20 qualitative interviews with 35 parents of 26 children were carried out. Ten of the infants died; 16 were alive at the time of the interview. The (...)
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  31. Ethics reflection groups for school nurses.Anne Kari Tolo Heggestad, Reidun Førde, Morten Magelssen & Birgit Arnekleiv - 2021 - Nursing Ethics 28 (2):210-220.
    Background: School nurses have great responsibilities as the connecting link between school, children/adolescents, parents, and other healthcare services. Being in this middle position, and handling complex situations and problems related to children in school, may be demanding and also lead to ethical challenges. Clinical ethics support, such as ethics reflection groups, may be of help when dealing with ethical challenges. However, there is little research on experiences with ethics reflection groups among school nurses. Aim: The aim of this research was (...)
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  32.  35
    Involvement in decisions about intravenous treatment for nursing home patients: nursing homes versus hospital wards.Kristin Klomstad, Reidar Pedersen, Reidun Førde & Maria Romøren - 2018 - BMC Medical Ethics 19 (1):34.
    Many of the elderly in nursing homes are very ill and have a reduced quality of life. Life expectancy is often hard to predict. Decisions about life-prolonging treatment should be based on a professional assessment of the patient’s best interest, assessment of capacity to consent, and on the patient’s own wishes. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare how these types of decisions were made in nursing homes and in hospital wards. Using a questionnaire, we studied the (...)
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  33.  66
    Choice is not the issue. The misrepresentation of healthcare in bioethical discourse.Kari Milch Agledahl, Reidun Førde & Åge Wifstad - 2011 - Journal of Medical Ethics 37 (4):212-215.
    Next SectionThe principle of respect for autonomy has shaped much of the bioethics' discourse over the last 50 years, and is now most commonly used in the meaning of respecting autonomous choice. This is probably related to the influential concept of informed consent, which originated in research ethics and was soon also applied to the field of clinical medicine. But while available choices in medical research are well defined, this is rarely the case in healthcare. Consideration of ordinary medical practice (...)
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  34.  26
    The silent world of young next of kin in mental healthcare.Elin Håkonsen Martinsen, Bente M. Weimand, Reidar Pedersen & Reidun Norvoll - 2019 - Nursing Ethics 26 (1):212-223.
    Background: Young next of kin to patients with mental health problems are faced with many challenges. It is important to focus on the special needs of children and adolescents as next of kin to ensure their welfare and prevent harm. Research questions: We aimed to investigate young next of kin’s need for information and involvement, to examine the ways they cope with situations involving coercion related to the treatment of their relative, and to identify ethical challenges. Research design: We conducted (...)
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  35.  33
    Importance of systematic deliberation and stakeholder presence: a national study of clinical ethics committees.Morten Magelssen, Reidar Pedersen, Ingrid Miljeteig, Håvard Ervik & Reidun Førde - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (2):66-70.
    BackgroundCase consultation performed by clinical ethics committees (CECs) is a complex activity which should be evaluated. Several evaluation studies have reported stakeholder satisfaction in single institutions. The present study was conducted nationwide and compares clinicians’ evaluations on a range of aspects with the CEC’s own evaluation.MethodsProspective questionnaire study involving case consultations at 19 Norwegian CECs for 1 year, where consultations were evaluated by CECs and clinicians who had participated.ResultsEvaluations of 64 case consultations were received. Cases were complex with multiple ethical (...)
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  36.  23
    Etisk kompetanseheving i norske kommuner – hva er gjort, og hva har vært levedyktig over tid?Elisabeth Gjerberg, Lillian Lillemoen, Anne Dreyer, Reidar Pedersen & Reidun Førde - 2014 - Etikk I Praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics 2 (2):31-49.
    De senere år har pleie- og omsorgstjenesten i mange norske kommuner startet med ulike former for etikkarbeid, oftest initiert av KS’ prosjekt “Samarbeid om etisk kompetanseheving”. Hensikten med vår studie var å evaluere innsatsen i de kommunene som deltok i prosjektet fra starten av, med vekt på hvilke tiltak som var iverksatt, hvilke virksomheter dette omfattet, og om tiltakene har fortsatt utover prosjektperioden. Studien har et kvalitativt design. Materialet er hovedsakelig basert på telefonintervjuer med kontaktpersoner for etikksatsingen i 34 kommuner. (...)
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  37.  59
    How do nursing home doctors involve patients and next of kin in end-of-life decisions? A qualitative study from Norway.Maria Romøren, Reidar Pedersen & Reidun Førde - 2016 - BMC Medical Ethics 17 (1):1-8.
    BackgroundEthically challenging critical events and decisions are common in nursing homes. This paper presents nursing home doctors’ descriptions of how they include the patient and next of kin in end-of-life decisions.MethodsWe performed ten focus groups with 30 nursing home doctors. Advance care planning; aspects of decisions on life-prolonging treatment, and conflict with next of kin were subject to in-depth analysis and condensation.ResultsThe doctors described large variations in attitudes and practices in all aspects of end-of-life decisions. In conflict situations, many doctors (...)
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  38.  22
    Coercion in nursing homes.Elisabeth Gjerberg, Lillian Lillemoen, Reidar Pedersen & Reidun Førde - 2016 - Nursing Ethics 23 (3):253-264.
    Background: Studies have demonstrated the extensive use of coercion in Norwegian nursing homes, which represents ethical, professional as well as legal challenges to the staff. We have, however, limited knowledge of the experiences and views of nursing home patients and their relatives. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the perspectives of nursing home patients and next of kin on the use of coercion; are there situations where the use of coercion can be defended, and if so, under (...)
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  39.  47
    Ethics support in community care makes a difference for practice.Morten Magelssen, Elisabeth Gjerberg, Lillian Lillemoen, Reidun Førde & Reidar Pedersen - 2018 - Nursing Ethics 25 (2):165-173.
    Background: Through the Norwegian ethics project, ethics activities have been implemented in the health and care sector in more than 200 municipalities. Objectives: To study outcomes of the ethics activities and examine which factors promote and inhibit significance and sustainability of the activities. Research design: Two online questionnaires about the municipal ethics activities. Participants and research context: A total of 137 municipal contact persons for the ethics project answered the first survey (55% response rate), whereas 217 ethics facilitators responded to (...)
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  40.  24
    How to avoid and prevent coercion in nursing homes.Elisabeth Gjerberg, Marit Helene Hem, Reidun Førde & Reidar Pedersen - 2013 - Nursing Ethics 20 (6):632-644.
    In many Western countries, studies have demonstrated extensive use of coercion in nursing homes, especially towards patients suffering from dementia. This article examines what kinds of strategies or alternative interventions nursing staff in Norway used when patients resist care and treatment and what conditions the staff considered as necessary to succeed in avoiding the use of coercion. The data are based on interdisciplinary focus group interviews with nursing home staff. The study revealed that the nursing home staff usually spent a (...)
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  41.  57
    Four Roles of Ethical Theory in Clinical Ethics Consultation.Morten Magelssen, Reidar Pedersen & Reidun Førde - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (9):26-33.
    When clinical ethics committee members discuss a complex ethical dilemma, what use do they have for normative ethical theories? Members without training in ethical theory may still contribute to a pointed and nuanced analysis. Nonetheless, the knowledge and use of ethical theories can play four important roles: aiding in the initial awareness and identification of the moral challenges, assisting in the analysis and argumentation, contributing to a sound process and dialogue, and inspiring an attitude of reflexivity. These four roles of (...)
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  42.  22
    Does coercion matter? Supporting young next-of-kin in mental health care.Elin Håkonsen Martinsen, Bente Weimand & Reidun Norvoll - 2020 - Nursing Ethics 27 (5):1270-1281.
    Background Coercion can cause harm to both the patient and the patient’s family. Few studies have examined how the coercive treatment of a close relative might affect young next-of-kin. Research questions We aimed to investigate the views and experiences of health professionals being responsible for supporting young next-of-kin to patients in mental health care (children-responsible staff) in relation to the needs of these young next-of-kin in coercive situations and to identify ethical challenges. Research design We conducted a qualitative study based (...)
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  43.  61
    Sources of bias in clinical ethics case deliberation.Morten Magelssen, Reidar Pedersen & Reidun Førde - 2014 - Journal of Medical Ethics 40 (10):678-682.
    A central task for clinical ethics consultants and committees (CEC) is providing analysis of, and advice on, prospective or retrospective clinical cases. However, several kinds of biases may threaten the integrity, relevance or quality of the CEC's deliberation. Bias should be identified and, if possible, reduced or counteracted. This paper provides a systematic classification of kinds of bias that may be present in a CEC's case deliberation. Six kinds of bias are discussed, with examples, as to their significance and risk (...)
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  44.  46
    Novel Paths to Relevance: How Clinical Ethics Committees Promote Ethical Reflection.Morten Magelssen, Reidar Pedersen & Reidun Førde - 2016 - HEC Forum 28 (3):205-216.
    How may clinical ethics committees inspire ethical reflection among healthcare professionals? How may they deal with organizational ethics issues? In recent years, Norwegian CECs have attempted different activites that stretch or go beyond the standard trio of education, consultation, and policy work. We studied the novel activities of Norwegian CECs by examining annual reports and interviewing CEC members. Through qualitative analysis we identified nine categories of novel CEC activities, which we describe by way of examples. In light of the findings, (...)
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  45.  51
    Clinical ethics consultation in Europe: a comparative and ethical review of the role of patients.Véronique Fournier, Eirini Rari, Reidun Førde, Gerald Neitzke, Renzo Pegoraro & Ainsley J. Newson - 2009 - Clinical Ethics 4 (3):131-138.
    Clinical ethics has developed significantly in Europe over the past 15 years and remains an evolving process. While sharing our experiences in different European settings, we were surprised to discover marked differences in our practice, especially regarding the position and role of patients. In this paper, we describe these differences, such as patient access to and participation or representation in ethics consults. We propose reasons to explain these differences, hypothesizing that they relate to the historic and sociocultural context of implementation (...)
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  46.  23
    Roles and responsibilities of clinical ethics committees in priority setting.Morten Magelssen, Ingrid Miljeteig, Reidar Pedersen & Reidun Førde - 2017 - BMC Medical Ethics 18 (1):1-8.
    Background Fair prioritization of healthcare resources has been on the agenda for decades, but resource allocation dilemmas in clinical practice remain challenging. Can clinical ethics committees be of help? The aim of the study was to explore whether and how CECs handle priority setting dilemmas and contribute to raising awareness of fairness concerns. Method Descriptions of activities involving priority setting in annual reports from Norwegian CECs were studied and categorized through qualitative content analysis. Results Three hundred thirty-nine reports from 38 (...)
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  47.  32
    The Norwegian national project for ethics support in community health and care services.Morten Magelssen, Elisabeth Gjerberg, Reidar Pedersen, Reidun Førde & Lillian Lillemoen - 2016 - BMC Medical Ethics 17 (1):70.
    BackgroundInternationally, clinical ethics support has yet to be implemented systematically in community health and care services. A large-scale Norwegian project attempted to increase ethical competence in community services through facilitating the implementation of ethics support activities in 241 Norwegian municipalities. The article describes the ethics project and the ethics activities that ensued.MethodsThe article first gives an account of the Norwegian ethics project. Then the results of two online questionnaires are reported, characterizing the scope, activities and organization of the ethics activities (...)
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  48.  18
    Er kliniske etikk-komiteer i den kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenesten bærekraftige?Lillian Lillemoen, Irene Syse, Reidar Pedersen & Reidun Førde - 2016 - Etikk I Praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics 2 (2):127-140.
    Kliniske etikkomiteer har vært etablert i norske helseforetak siden 1996, først som et prøveprosjekt, senere som et permanent tiltak med et nasjonalt mandat. I forbindelse med det nasjonale etikkprosjektet «Samarbeid om etisk kompetanseheving» har det også i noen kommuner blitt etablert KEK. Senter for medisinsk etikk ved Universitetet i Oslo er tildelt ansvaret for oppfølging av KEK i helseforetakene og er i tillegg gitt et langsiktig ansvar for etikkarbeid og forskning i den kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenesten. Hensikten med denne studien (...)
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  49.  32
    Refusals to perform ritual circumcision: a qualitative study of doctors’ professional and ethical reasoning.Liv Astrid Litleskare, Mette Tolås Strander, Reidun Førde & Morten Magelssen - 2020 - BMC Medical Ethics 21 (1):1-7.
    Ritual circumcision of infant boys is controversial in Norway, as in many other countries. The procedure became a part of Norwegian public health services in 2015. A new law opened for conscientious objection to the procedure. We have studied physicians’ refusals to perform ritual circumcision as an issue of professional ethics. Qualitative interview study with 10 urologists who refused to perform ritual circumcision from six Norwegian public hospitals. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, then analysed with systematic text condensation, a qualitative (...)
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  50.  81
    Clinical essentialising: a qualitative study of doctors' medical and moral practice. [REVIEW]Kari Milch Agledahl, Reidun Førde & Åge Wifstad - 2010 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 13 (2):107-113.
    While certain substantial moral dilemmas in health care have been given much attention, like abortion, euthanasia or gene testing, doctors rarely reflect on the moral implications of their daily clinical work. Yet, with its aim to help patients and relieve suffering, medicine is replete with moral decisions. In this qualitative study we analyse how doctors handle the moral aspects of everyday clinical practice. About one hundred consultations were observed, and interviews conducted with fifteen clinical doctors from different practices. It turned (...)
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