The COVID-19 pandemic introduced significant disruptions and challenges to the learning environment for many post-secondary students with many shifting entirely to remote online learning. Barriers to academic success already experienced in traditional face-to-face classes may be compounded in the online environment and exacerbated by stressors related to the pandemic. In 2020–2021, post-secondary institutions were faced with the reality of rolling out fully online instruction with limited access to resources for assisting students in this transition. Instructional interventions that target students’ ability (...) to self-regulate their learning have been shown to improve academic performance and self-regulated learning competencies have also been found to mediate the effect of SRL interventions on higher education. However, few studies have examined the efficacy of fully online SRL intervention on mitigating the impact of psychological distress and academic challenges on academic success. This study examined the moderating roles of self-regulatory practices and SRL intervention in buffering the influence of COVID-related psychological distress and academic challenges on academic outcomes and academic challenges) in a Canadian sample of undergraduate students. We found levels of metacognitive and motivational challenges fully mediated the impact of COVID distress on GPA, SRL adapting practices moderated the impact of metacognitive challenges on GPA, and semester-long SRL intervention buffered the impact of COVID distress on academic challenges and resulted in lower levels of social-emotional, cognitive, and metacognitive challenges for first year undergraduate students. (shrink)

Soumises à une politique discriminatoire privilégiant le centre, les minorités ethniques en Iran sont depuis longtemps ciblées par la répression étatique, ce qui provoque des mouvements de rébellion. Le soulèvement de 2019 a révélé une nouvelle facette de la violence de l’État contre les minorités dans des périphéries du pays où le développement économique a été délibérément freiné par le régime. Ces affrontements témoignent d’une crise de citoyenneté dans le pays qui mérite une attention particulière.

Almost all researchers are familiar with the concept of plagiarism these days. However, many scholars allege that plagiarism and its ethical ramifications are new western concepts that have not exi...

A powerful and moving philosophical reflection on revenge and forgiveness in our contemporary, conflict-fuelled world.

"A celebrated master of the spoken as well as the written word, Isaiah Berlin here gives us a rare memoir in the form of a dialogue." "Isaiah Berlin is renowned the world over for his analysis of the ideas that have influenced or transformed societies. He has a deep commitment to liberty and pluralism, and has devoted the half century and more of his professional life as a teacher and lecturer to exploring the conditions that allow these ideals to flourish, (...) and those that threaten them." "Berlin here intersperses insights into the development of his ideas and political philosophy with rich personal reminiscences. He discusses Machiavelli, Marx, Vico, Herder, and Herzen, among others, and their influence over him." "As he leads us from Petrograd to Oxford, Washington, Moscow, London, and Jerusalem, he speaks of his friends and contemporaries: W. H. Auden, Stephen Spender, Igor Stravinsky, A. J. Ayer, Bertrand Russell, and many others. He tells of his moving encounters with Anna Akhmatova, Boris Pasternak, and Chaim Weizmann, and of his passion for music and literature." "Frank and engaging, Conversations with Isaiah Berlin is a remarkable record of one of the great intellectual odysseys of our time."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (shrink)

A significant number of asylum seekers who largely survived torture live in the United States. Asylum seekers have complex social and medical problems with significant barriers to health care access. When evaluating and providing care for survivors, health providers face important challenges regarding medical ethics and professional codes. We review ethical concerns in regard to accountability, the patient–physician relationship, and moral responsibilities to offer health care irrespective of patient legal status; competing professional responsibility toward society and the judiciary system; concerns (...) about the consistency of asylum seekers’ claims; ethical concerns surrounding involving trainees and researching within the evaluation setting; and the implication of broader societal views towards rights and social justice. We discuss contributing factors, including inadequate and insufficient provider training, varying and inadequate institutional commitment, asylum seekers’ significant medical and social problems, and the broader health and social system issues. We review existing resources to address these concerns and offer suggestions. (shrink)

Gegenwärtig wird das Wiedererstarken von Verschwörungstheorien explizit als Gefahr für die westlichen Demokratien begriffen. Einerseits, weil Verschwörungstheoretiker*innen die heutige Demokratie als manipuliert betrachten. Für sie wird Demokratie nur vorgespielt, die eigentlichen Entscheidungen werden an anderer Stelle getroffen. Andererseits, weil die Verbreitung genau jenes Glaubens ein Kernelement von Demokratien verunmöglicht: den fairen Streit um das beste Argument. Dabei stehen Verschwörungstheorien der Idee von Demokratie nicht diametral gegenüber, sondern bedienen sich dieser bisweilen als Inspirationsquelle, beispielsweise wenn das Volk sich gegen die Machenschaften (...) einer korrupten Elite wehren soll. Der Beitrag untersucht deshalb, welche Verbindungen zwischen Verschwörungstheorien und Demokratie bestehen. Gibt es eine undurchdringbare Beziehung zwischen beiden Bereichen, die den Umgang mit ihnen zu einem fortdauernden normativen Problem werden lässt? Jener Beziehung wird auf zwei Wegen nachgegangen. Der eine Weg kann als Postfaktizitätsstrang bezeichnet werden. Die These lautet, dass wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, die grob als Poststrukturalismus zusammengefasst werden, ein grundsätzliches Misstrauen gegenüber etablierten epistemischen und politischen Strukturen transportieren. Diese eigentlich demokratische Öffnung ist dann als Einfallstor für absurde Theorien aller Art zu verstehen. Anhand der Theorien radikaler Demokratie wird diskutiert, weshalb gerade die epistemischen Grundlagen der Demokratie Verschwörungstheorien einen berechtigen Platz im demokratischen Diskurs einräumen sollen und wie sie sich wiederum von dem Diskurs abgrenzen lassen. Der Ideologiestrang dagegen betont nicht eine Auflösung von Gewissheit und damit eine relativistische Grundhaltung, sondern die Rückkehr zu ideologisch aufgeladenen Weltbildern, beispielsweise in völkischen Semantiken. Verschwörungstheorien, so lässt es sich in den Analysen Kritischer Theorie nachlesen, kreieren durch Komplexitätsreduzierung ein Verständnis der Welt, in dem sich entgegen aller globaler Vernetzung wirkliche demokratische Selbstbestimmung zurückerobern lässt. Als Elitenkritik antworten sie so auf Entfremdungsprozesse moderner Gesellschaften. Beide Stränge ergeben eine eigentümliche Gemengelage. Während einerseits der Aufstieg von Verschwörungstheorien auf Komplexitätssteigerung und dem damit verbundenen Zusammenbruch traditioneller und epistemischer Autorität zurückgeführt wird, werden Verschwörungstheorien andererseits als bloße Form der Komplexitätsreduktion verstanden. Folgend gilt zu zeigen, wie sich beide Stränge zueinander verhalten, um einerseits die erneute Popularität von Verschwörungstheorien zu verstehen und anderseits der Gefahr einer Instrumentalisierung demokratischer Semantiken etwas entgegenzuhalten. (shrink)

Analysing cylindromatosis and the associated defects in the CYLD gene is providing novel insights into the molecular principles of epithelial growth control and carcinogenesis in, and beyond, the skin. In this review, we summarize the histopathology and histogenesis of cylindromas, and the available genetic information on patients with these skin appendage tumors. Focusing on recent data concerning the normal functions and signaling interactions of the CYLD gene product, we explain how CYLD interferes with TNF‐α or TLR‐mediated signaling as well as (...) with JNK or NF‐κB‐dependent p65/50 signaling to limit inflammation. In addition, we delineate how CYLD interferes with activation of the proto‐oncogene Bcl3 and with cyclin D1 expression to limit tumorigenesis, and chart how tumor growth‐promoting agents or UV light and inflammatory mediators can activate CYLD. We argue that these recent insights into CYLD function and cylindroma pathogenesis may lead to the development of novel molecular strategies for cancer prevention and treatment. BioEssays 29:1203–1214, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

It has now become a realistic prospect for smart care to be provided at home for those living with long-term conditions such as dementia. In the contemporary smart care scenario, homes are fitted with an array of sensors for remote monitoring providing data that feed into intelligent systems developed to highlight concerning patterns of behaviour or physiological measurements and to alert healthcare professionals to the need for action. This paper explores some ethical issues that may arise within such smart care (...) systems, focusing on the extent to which ethical issues can be addressed at the system design stage. Artificial intelligence has been widely portrayed as an ethically risky technology, posing challenges for privacy and human autonomy and with the potential to introduce and exacerbate bias and inequality. While broad principles for ethical artificial intelligence have become established, the mechanisms for governing ethical artificial intelligence are still evolving. In healthcare settings the implementation of smart technologies falls within the existing frameworks for ethical review and governance. Feeding into this ethical review there are many practical steps that designers can take to build ethical considerations into the technology. After exploring the pre-emptive steps that can be taken in design and governance to provide for an ethical smart care system, the paper reviews the potential for further ethical challenges to arise within the everyday implementation of smart care systems in the context of dementia, despite the best efforts of all concerned to pre-empt them. The paper concludes with an exploration of the dilemmas that may thus face healthcare professionals involved in implementing this kind of smart care and with a call for further research to explore ethical dimensions of smart care both in terms of general principles and lived experience. (shrink)

Short-term humanitarian medical volunteerism has grown significantly among both clinicians and trainees over the past several years. Increasingly, both volunteers and their respective institutions have faced important challenges in regard to medical ethics and professional codes that should not be overlooked. We explore these potential concerns and their risk factors in three categories: ethical responsibilities in patient care, professional responsibility to communities and populations, and institutional responsibilities towards trainees. We discuss factors increasing the risk of harm to patients and communities, (...) including inadequate preparation, the use of advanced technology and the translation of Western medicine, issues with clinical epidemiology and test utility, difficulties with the principles of justice and clinical justice, the lack of population-based medicine, sociopolitical effects of foreign aid, volunteer stress management, and need for sufficient trainee supervision. We review existing resources and offer suggestions for future skill-based training, organisational responsibilities, and ethical preparation. (shrink)

This book brings together a series of interviews conducted by noted Iranian social scientist Ramin Jahanbagloo. These interviews cover the ideas of Indian-ness, Indian thought, religion, politics, secularism, and pluralism, as well as Gandhi, India and Pakistan, democracy, globalization and culture.

The World Medical Association (WMA), the global representation of the medical profession, first adopted the International Code of Medical Ethics (ICoME) in 1949 to outline the professional duties of physicians to patients, other physicians and health professionals, themselves and society as a whole. The ICoME recently underwent a major 4-year revision process, culminating in its unanimous adoption by the WMA General Assembly in October 2022 in Berlin. This article describes and discusses the ICoME, its revision process, the controversial and uncontroversial (...) issues, and the broad consensus achieved among WMA constituent members, representing over 10 million physicians worldwide. The authors analyse the ICoME, including its response to contemporary changes and challenges like ethical plurality and globalisation, in light of ethical theories and approaches, reaching the conclusion that the document is a good example of international ethical professional self-regulation. (shrink)

Unsicherheit und Kontingenz sind zu paradigmatischen Kategorien für die Interpretation des sozialen und politischen Raumes geworden. Sie wecken Hoffnung auf Veränderung, werden aber auch für gegenwärtige Herausforderungen wie die sogenannte Postfaktizität und den Populismus verantwortlich gemacht. Lucas von Ramin legt den Kern einer postmodernen Sozialphilosophie frei und rekonstruiert damit, wie aus der Kontingenz der Welt doch Zuversicht geschöpft werden kann. Er zeigt auf, dass der normative Anspruch einer solchen Philosophie nicht hoch genug geschätzt werden kann, ihre Grenzen jedoch an (...) der Gegenwart gemessen werden müssen. (shrink)

In recent years, Rorty’s anti-authoritarianism has been repeatedly associated with the loss of truth and a post-factual age. At the same time, Rorty is presented as a strict opponent of such positions. How is it that the same thinker who is held responsible for a postmodern decline is also to be understood as the most severe critic? To answer this question, this paper reconstructs Rorty’s anti-authoritarianism as a practice of solidarity by referring to his theory of recognition and virtue of (...) contingency. Subsequently, it can be shown why the accusations of post-facticity and ethnocentrism fall short. On the contrary, because his theory combines different political archetypes, the paper presents Rorty’s description of anti-authoritarianism as a social paradigm of contemporary societies. (shrink)

ABSTRACTDeath as an inevitable reality is a subject of study in various philosophical schools. This concept can be reviewed within three realms: semantics, ontology, and epistemology. The objective of this article is to examine death within the ontological realm in the thoughts of Mullā Sadrā and Schopenhauer, and it attempts to answer the question whether philosophical discussions on the concept of death in Sadrā’s transcendental wisdom, despite differences in principles, methods, and objectives, are comparable to Schopenhauer’s intellectual framework. Using a (...) descriptive-analytical approach, the present study first investigates the issue of death in the thought of both philosophers and then focuses on their comparative analysis. The findings of this study show that both philosophers believe in the dichotomy in the world, immortality of human nature after death, existence of suffering in the world, asceticism, austerity, love, and affection to all human beings. However, each of them analyzes and explains the issue of death within his own intellectual framework. (shrink)

At this ‘needy time’ in which humanity has been deteriorated into just dominance over nature through modern technicity, Martin Heidegger introduced art as the only way to overcome this modernity cr...

Mahatma Gandhi was one of those rare human beings who was simultaneously a theoretician and practitioner of tolerance. Gandhi was possessed of an inner conviction that tolerance was not only one of the key words of his own century but of centuries still to come. It is in this sense that his ideas on non-violence and tolerance transcend the context of India itself, even though these ideas were initially conceived in relation to India's independence and future. Nevertheless, in spite of (...) what may seem obvious, it is no mere truism to state that Gandhi would not have been Gandhi had he not been born Indian. We say this in order to underscore that Gandhi's concept of tolerance was rooted in Indian culture. (shrink)

India Analysed recounts the life and ideas of Sudhir Kakar in his own words and, in the process, gives readers an insight into the psychological make-up of modern Indian.

Iranian scholar Ramin Jahanbegloo interviews one of the most well-known environment activists of our time, Vandana Shiva, and in the process, addresses issues ranging from nature and spiritualism, the Chipko Movement and the birth of Navdanya, 'earth democracy', and 'seed globalization' to the functioning of neoliberal paradigm in India, swadeshi and village governance, corruption in India, the future of Indian farmers, and the relevance of Gandhi in the twenty-first century.

Iranian scholar Ramin Jahanbegloo interviews one of the leading political thinkers of our time, Bhikhu Parekh, and in the process, addresses issues ranging from cultural diversity, religion, and global ethics to identity politics, liberal democracy, Islam and Europe, Gandhi's role as a political thinker and social reformer, and the significance of multiculturalism and pluralism in the twenty-first century.

Talking Philosophy is as much a recollection of Sorabjis childhood and his scholarly life at Oxford as it is a philosophical reflection on issues as varied and complex as whether animals have reason or whether Gandhi could be considered an ethical role model.

We carry out some of Galois' work in the setting of an arbitrary first-order theory T. We replace the ambient algebraically closed field by a large model M of T, replace fields by definably closed subsets of M, assume that T codes finite sets, and obtain the fundamental duality of Galois theory matching subgroups of the Galois group of L over F with intermediate extensions F ≤ K ≤ L. This exposition of a special case of [10] has the advantage (...) of requiring almost no background beyond familiarity with fields, polynomials, first-order formulae, and automorphisms. (shrink)

The protests which followed the death of Black citizens killed by White police officers in the United States show us clearly that the question of non-violent democratic theory is on the table as it was 60 years ago. Martin Luther King, Jr. was well aware of this issue when he became the most important leader of America’s Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. King’s recognition of Mahatma Gandhi’s legacy of non-violence helped him in his campaigns for integration and (...) voting rights, while guiding him to democratize the American democracy and re-evaluate the two concepts of ‘individual’ and ‘community’. (shrink)

We thank our commentators for their thoughtful responses to our paper 1 covering among other issues the relationships of ethics law and professional codes, the tensions between ethical universalism and cultural relativism and the phenomenon of moral judgement required when ethical norms conflict, including the norms of patient care versus obligations to others both now and in the future. Although the comments deserve more extensive discussion, in what follows we respond briefly to specific aspects of each commentary and remind readers (...) that professional codes of ethics are necessarily brief and that the International Code of Medical Ethics (ICoME) explicitly refers to the World Medical Association’s (WMA) mutually concordant and far more extensive ‘body of policies’. 2 Should ethics shape law or vice versa? Sarela raises a fundamental and, as stated in the commentary, unresolved debate: ‘should ethics shape law or is it the converse’? 3... (shrink)

Amidst the ongoing turmoil in the Middle East and the reshaping of political systems in the region, the Iranian people remain mired in difficulties on their path to democratization. Much of this can be blamed on the gradual decline in activity within Iranian civil society and the stagnation of political imagination. If Iran is to have a future built on the solid foundation of a viable and legitimate political authority, Iranian civic actors must reimagine and revisit the notion of constitution-making (...) through sustained dissent and deliberation. Hannah Arendt's ideas are extremely helpful in this regard. The main purpose of this essay will be to explore how some of her most useful concepts may be applicable in the Iranian context. Briefly tracing the history of Iran since the Islamic Revolution, the paper then turns to a deeper examination of Arendt’s ideas to determine how they can foster resistance, civic engagement and eventual legitimate authority. The focus in the end will be on what Iranians can do to begin anew, to build foundations for the future, and to tell themselves a new story about their identity. (shrink)

Ramin Jahanbegloo elucidates the central concepts in the moral and political thought of Martin Luther King Jr., bringing out the subtlety, potency, and universal importance of his concepts of Agape love and non-violence, the Beloved Community and revolution of values, and his view of the relation between justice and compassion in politics.

This book suggests a link between the citizen-philosopher Socrates and the radical, disobedient, and nonviolent Socrates. Ramin Jahanbegloo explains how these two complementary characteristics were transmitted to nonviolent reformers and practitioners Henry David Thoreau, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Albert Camus.

What do we mean by nonviolence? What can nonviolence achieve? Are there limits to nonviolence? These are the questions that Ramin Jahanbegloo tackles in his journey through the major political advocates of nonviolence during the 20th century. Focusing on examples of their way of thinking in different cultural, geographic and political contexts, from the Indian Independence Movement and US Civil rights and Anti-Apartheid movements to the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia and nonviolent protests in Tunisia, Iran, Serbia and Hong-Kong, Jahanbegloo (...) explores why nonviolence remains relevant as a form of resistance against injustice and oppression around the world. (shrink)

Edward Said's mode of intellectual thinking cannot be categorized in terms of concepts such as liberal, socialist or anarchist. In this sense, Said remained all his life, through his work and his action, an "outsider. " This "outsiderhood" created in him an acute awareness of the world and a critical sense of resistance to all forms of political and intellectual domination. In consequence, Said detects a particularly revealing relationship between a deep-seated commitment to the secular principles of humanism andoutsiderhood as (...) the ideal ontological position for the intellectual. (shrink)

In the past decade, Islam has come to be associated more than ever with images of extremism and violence. Osama bin Laden and Saddam Hussein are stock characters in this association, in the aftermath of 11 September and the ‘war on terror’. Lost in all this is a long record of Muslim experience of non-violent change and peace-making. Yet Islam hardly glorifies violence — and does quite explicitly glorify its opposite. History offers much evidence of Muslim tolerance and civil engagement (...) with other faith and cultural traditions. Non-violent Islam could give fresh life to secularism in Muslim societies. It may help steer public space away from state-dominated as well as other forms of political Islam, with their foolish utopias. Realizing the ideals of non-violence is a perennial struggle for Islamic communities around the world - and is part of the struggle for democratic life. (shrink)