This article is intended to examine and then compare ci bei in the Lotus S?tra and ren in the Analects of Confucius. Despite many similarities, compassion and benevolent love have shown a difference between Mah?y?na Buddhist ethics and the Confucian moral system. This difference is revealed in the content and meaning of compassion and benevolent love, but more importantly through the ways they are practised, followed and expanded. Through different ways or paths, compassion and benevolent love have nevertheless established two (...) different and yet mutually supplementary ideals that guide the spiritual and moral world of China and other parts of East Asia. (shrink)