Adorning the Country with Ruins -- The Western Baroque Landscape -- The Irish Tours -- Designing Picturesque Ireland -- Epilogue: Studies in a Point of View.

This introduction outlines the importance that Hans-Georg Backhaus’s transcript of Adorno’s 1962 seminar on ‘Marx and the Basic Concepts of Sociological Theory’ has for shedding light on the relationship between Adorno’s critical theory and the critique of political economy. PartIsignals the importance of the seminar by assaying the Anglophone scholarship on Adorno. PartIIcontextualises the seminar in the development of his thought. PartsIIIandIVfocus on what the transcript tells us about Adorno’s interpretation of Marx and the importance this interpretation held for Adorno’s (...) critical social theory. PartVpoints to the influence this interpretation of the critique of political economy had on the formation of the New German Reading of Marx. (shrink)

While Adorno has tended to be read as a critic of the administered world and the consumer industry rather than a Marxist, Adorno and Marx establishes Adorno's negative dialectics as fundamental for understanding Marx's critique of political economy. This conception of the critique of political economy as a critical theory marks both a radical departure from traditional Marxist scholarship and from traditional readings of Adorno's work and warns against identifying Adorno with Marx or Marx with Adorno. Rather, it highlights the (...) intersection between Adorno's critical theory and Marx's critique of political economy that produces a critical theory of economic objectivity that moves beyond Marxian economics and Adornonian social theory. Adorno and Marx offers an ingenious account of critical social theory. Its subversion of the economic categories of political economy contributes to the cutting-edge of contemporary social theory and its critique of social practice. (shrink)

This essay investigates the rhetorical choices in archived letters to providers at a local abortion clinic through argumentum ad baculum and other fear appeal frames. Analysis of three types of threat—spiritual, physical, and professional—contained in the correspondence suggests that only the professional fear appeals correspond to true theat. The essay contends that while some of the letters contain either true threats or Aristotelian civic fear appeals, the writers more often make arguments that align with a new category I name sideways (...) threats. Sideways threats include praeteritio or apophasis, whereby the writer renounces something like violence in order to invoke it, as well as fear appeals to negative outcomes which could be carried out by a deity rather than the writer. Rather than fitting neatly into the rhetorical categories of ad baculum or civic fear, these artifacts that included multiple rhetorical approaches which open the way for new understanding of fear appeals and their persuasive qualities. (shrink)

Rabgūzī’s Stories of the Prophets , written in Khwarezmian Turkish contains an account of the life of the biblical prophets and of the Prophet Muḥammed.

The following is the transcript of a lecture taken in shorthand by Hans-Georg Backhaus. The transcript was originally published as an appendix in Hans-Georg Backhaus, Dialektik der Wertform. Untersuchungen zur marxschen Ökonomiekritik, a complete translation of which is forthcoming in the Historical Materialism book series.

BackgroundUse of modified texture diets—thickening of liquids and modifying the texture of foods—in the hope of preventing aspiration, pneumonia and choking, has become central to the current management of dysphagia. The effectiveness of this intervention has been questioned. We examine requirements for a valid informed consent process for this approach and whether the need for informed consent for this treatment is always understood or applied by practitioners.Main textValid informed consent requires provision of accurate and balanced information, and that agreement is (...) given freely by someone who knows they have a choice. Current evidence, including surveys of practitioners and patients in different settings, suggests that practice in this area is often inadequate. This may be due to patients’ communication difficulties but also poor communication—and no real attempt to obtain consent—by practitioners before people are ‘put on’ modified texture diets. Even where discussion occurs, recommendations may be influenced by professional misconceptions about the efficacy of this treatment, which in turn may poison the well for the informed consent process. Patients cannot make appropriate decisions for themselves if the information provided is flawed and unbalanced. The voluntariness of patients’ decisions is also questionable if they are told ‘you must’, when ‘you might consider’ is more appropriate. Where the decision-making capacity of patients is in question, inappropriate judgements and recommendations may be made by substitute decision makers and courts unless based on accurate information.ConclusionResearch is required to examine the informed consent processes in different settings, but there is ample reason to suggest that current practice in this area is suboptimal. Staff need to reflect on their current practice regarding use of modified texture diets with an awareness of the current evidence and through the ‘lens’ of informed consent. Education is required for staff to clarify the importance of, and requirements for, valid informed consent and for decision making that reflects people’s preferences and values. (shrink)

Fruto de una convergencia de motivos e intereses procedentes de diversas disciplinas, los estudios sobre la argumentación han adquirido sus propias señas de identidad como conocimiento, análisis y evaluación del discurso argumentativo a través de sus dimensiones o proyecciones lógica, dialéctica, retórica y socio-institucional. La presente obra trata de reunir, precisar y articular las nociones básicas y los conceptos determinantes de los desarrollos que hoy tienen lugar en ese campo. Este Compendio de lógica, argumentación y retórica se ofrece como una (...) obra de referencia, una herramienta de trabajo y un estímulo para los estudiantes de —y los interesados o los preocupados por— la argumentación, tanto en el plano internacional como, primordialmente, en el medio cultural hispánico e hispanoamericano. No existía hasta ahora una publicación de estas características, a pesar de su necesidad tanto desde el punto de vista didáctico, y en atención a intereses prácticos, como desde el punto de vista teórico. Su elaboración ha ocupado a 59 autores, especialistas y estudiosos de diversos medios académicos y nacionalidades, en la confección de las 176 entradas de las que consta. (shrink)

Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass die Dualität des mathematischen und dynamischen Erhabenen bei Kant auch dem Zweck der dritten Kritik dient, die Kluft zwischen den Gebieten der Natur und der Freiheit zu schließen. In der Sekundärliteratur zu Kant wird das Erhabene oft als Anhang des Schönen oder aufgrund seiner mehrfachen Dualitäten als Bruch in Kants Ansatz angesehen. Dies geschieht, weil solche Interpretationen die Elemente der Theorie des Erhabenen atomisch und nicht systematisch rekonstruieren. Im Gegensatz dazu wird in dieser Arbeit mittels der (...) Resonanz der teleologischen Behandlung der Vernunft nicht nur die innere Systematik der dritten Kritik gezeigt, sondern auch die von der gesamten kritischen Philosophie. Die Vernunft als Vermögen der Zwecksetzung zu verstehen in ihrem praktischen und theoretischen Gebrauch, ist keine neue Idee oder neuer systematischer Rekonstruktionsversuch der kritischen Philosophie in der Kantforschung. Das eigentlich Neue in dieser Monografie ist, einen Beweis von ihrer teleologischen Einheit aus der ästhetischen Perspektive des paradoxen Gefühls des Erhabenen geleistet zu haben. (shrink)

A Constituição Brasileira de 1988, assim como boa parte das Constituições contemporâneas, abriga uma espécie normativa que a doutrina denomina Princípios Constitucionais. Até recentemente, pouca atenção era conferida às normas principiológicas, seja por parte da doutrina e da jurisprudência. Hoje, são elas alvo de acirrados debates no meio acadêmico, mais precisamente no que concerne ao seu grau de eficária e concretização. Os autores trazem, aqui, subsídios para a discussão, procurando encontrar instrumentos e mecanismos aptos a concretizá-los em sua plenitude.

The current work builds a definition of irritability from both academic definitions and lay perspectives. In Study 1, a quantitative content analysis of academic definitions resulted in eight main content categories. In Study 2, a community sample of 39 adults participated in qualitative interviews. A deductive thematic analysis resulted in two main themes. The first main theme dealt with how participants positioned irritability in relation to other negative states. The second dealt with how participants constructed irritability as both a loss (...) of control and as an experience that should be controlled. The discussion integrates the findings of both studies and provides a concise, but comprehensive definition. (shrink)

No satisfactory answers were received for the following questions.

In most countries, the alcohol industry enjoys considerable freedom to market its products. Where government regulation is proposed or enacted, the alcohol industry has often deployed legal arguments and used legal forums to challenge regulation. Governments considering marketing regulation must be cognizant of relevant legal constraints and be prepared to defend their policies against industry legal challenges.

The use of robots had already been proven to encourage the promotion of social interaction and skills lacking in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, who typically have difficulties in recognizing facial expressions and emotions. The main goal of this research is to study the influence of a humanoid robot to develop socio-emotional skills in children with ASD. The children’s performance in game scenarios aiming to develop facial expressions recognition skills is presented. Along the sessions, children who performed the game scenarios (...) with the robot and the experimenter had a significantly better performance than the children who performed the game scenarios without the robot. The main conclusions of this research support that a humanoid robot is a useful tool to develop socio-emotional skills in the intervention of children with ASD, due to the engagement and positive learning outcome observed. (shrink)

The following are some of the entries received in the contest presented in our March, 1960 issue. The starred essays were judged as winners and were awarded $25.00 prizes.

BackgroundThe ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines are widely endorsed but compliance is limited. We sought to determine whether journal-requested completion of an ARRIVE checklist improves full compliance with the guidelines.MethodsIn a randomised controlled trial, manuscripts reporting in vivo animal research submitted to PLOS ONE (March–June 2015) were randomly allocated to either requested completion of an ARRIVE checklist or current standard practice. Authors, academic editors, and peer reviewers were blinded to group allocation. Trained reviewers performed outcome adjudication (...) in duplicate by assessing manuscripts against an operationalised version of the ARRIVE guidelines that consists 108 items. Our primary outcome was the between-group differences in the proportion of manuscripts meeting all ARRIVE guideline checklist subitems.ResultsWe randomised 1689 manuscripts (control: n = 844, intervention: n = 845), of which 1269 were sent for peer review and 762 (control: n = 340; intervention: n = 332) accepted for publication. No manuscript in either group achieved full compliance with the ARRIVE checklist. Details of animal husbandry (ARRIVE subitem 9b) was the only subitem to show improvements in reporting, with the proportion of compliant manuscripts rising from 52.1 to 74.1% (X2 = 34.0, df = 1, p = 2.1 × 10−7) in the control and intervention groups, respectively.ConclusionsThese results suggest that altering the editorial process to include requests for a completed ARRIVE checklist is not enough to improve compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines. Other approaches, such as more stringent editorial policies or a targeted approach on key quality items, may promote improvements in reporting. (shrink)

"Este libro nos propone una reflexión ensayística sobre la "crisis de la escuela" a partir de una visión genealógica, considerando la manera en que las nuevas tecnologías de comunicación (sobre todo, los aparatos móviles de acceso a las redes informáticas) y, particularmente, los modos de vida que ellos implican, están afectando el funcionamiento de esa institución clave de la modernidad. La intención es detectar y problematizar los factores involucrados en la creciente incompatibilidad de esos modos de ser y estar en (...) el mundo, que son tan actuales, con las ya anticuadas instalaciones escolares; identificar los sentidos de estas transformaciones históricas y ofrecer algunas pistas que permitan delinear posibles respuestas al conflicto o, al menos, reformular las preguntas para que sean más productivas." --Contratapa. (shrink)

The importance of forests is reflected in the national forest legislation which has been developed and implemented in European countries over recent years. Due to regional and national specificities, forest regulations include culturally immersed terms specific to the described area. The aim of this paper is to analyses the culturally driven legal terms existing in specific legal regulations concerning forestry in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Poland, and identify possible ways of translating them. In order (...) to take the interdisciplinary nature of the issue into account, the degree of hybridity of the selected texts will be examined by means of corpus analysis. The methodology applied in the paper uses a comparative approach. Additionally, the authors also resort to the aforementioned corpus analysis, as well as the analysis of comparable texts and the analysis of terminology according to the three categories of equivalence as determined by Šarčević, and the techniques of providing equivalents for non-equivalent or partially equivalent terms as research methods. The material used for analysis comes from selected German, English and Polish legal acts regulating forest management and maintenance that are considered as corpora for the selection of culturally immersed terminology, namely: the Polish Act on Forests of 28th September 1991 [Ustawa z dnia 28 września 1991 r. o lasach], Title 16 U.S. Code Chapter 2—National Forests, Forestry Act 1967, Chapter 10, German Forestry Act 1975 [Gesetz zur Erhaltung des Waldes und zur Förderung der Forstwirtschaft von 1975]. The paper concerns potential problems that could occur in the translation of culturally immersed legal terminology due to the terms’ rigidity and high degree of specificity. The studies presented will allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the possibilities and strategies for translating culturally immersed terms. In addition, the availability of terminological dictionaries for these language pairs will be discussed. (shrink)

Este volumen presenta la primera recopilación sistemática de diálogos y discusiones que especialistas hispanohablantes en el pensamiento de Immanuel Kant mantienen desde hace años con la dilatada obra de la Profesora Emérita de la Universidad de Cambridge, Onora O´Neill, Baronesa de Bengarve. Las contribuciones de destacados estudiosos de Argentina, México y España se centran en la actualización de la racionalidad práctica kantiana por parte de O´Neill, con especial atención a la interpretación del contractualismo, las condiciones de la justicia, la construcción (...) del espacio público, la fundamentación de los derechos humanos y la lógica de la autoconfianza en la acción, sin la que la autonomía quedaría carente de una base sólida. La Profesora O´Neill ha redactado un texto expreso para presentar los trabajos reunidos en el volumen, en el que realiza un balance de su amplio itinerario intelectual, señalando algunos hitos en torno a los que se articulan los capítulos. Las editoras confían en que esta publicación resulte del interés del público especializado en la discusión contemporánea sobre el pensamiento práctico de Kant, tomando como guía en esta ocasión a una de sus intérpretes actuales más prestigiosas. (shrink)

Este volumen presenta la primera recopilación sistemática de diálogos y discusiones que especialistas hispanohablantes en el pensamiento de Immanuel Kant mantienen desde hace años con la dilatada obra de la Profesora Emérita de la Universidad de Cambridge, Onora O´Neill, Baronesa de Bengarve. Las contribuciones de destacados estudiosos de Argentina, México y España se centran en la actualización de la racionalidad práctica kantiana por parte de O´Neill, con especial atención a la interpretación del contractualismo, las condiciones de la justicia, la construcción (...) del espacio público, la fundamentación de los derechos humanos y la lógica de la autoconfianza en la acción, sin la que la autonomía quedaría carente de una base sólida. La Profesora O´Neill ha redactado un texto expreso para presentar los trabajos reunidos en el volumen, en el que realiza un balance de su amplio itinerario intelectual, señalando algunos hitos en torno a los que se articulan los capítulos. Las editoras confían en que esta publicación resulte del interés del público especializado en la discusión contemporánea sobre el pensamiento práctico de Kant, tomando como guía en esta ocasión a una de sus intérpretes actuales más prestigiosas. (shrink)

O artigo trata da discussão travada entre Donald Davidson e os defensores do materialismo redutivo em torno da alegada “ineficácia causal” do mental que a doutrina da superveniência implica. Para defender sua posição, a da eficiência causal particular do mental, Davidson lançará mão da distinção entre “relações causais” e “explicações causais” . Sem ela Davidson seria obrigado a aceitar “o princípio da exclusão causal-explanatória” introduzido por Kim e, consequentemente, abandonar o não-reducionismo característico de seu monismo anômalo e da tese da (...) superveniência do mental em relação ao físico. (shrink)

ResumoEste artigo analisa o reendereçamento da obra Fita verde no cabelo: nova velha estória ao público infantojuvenil. Em 1992, o conto de Guimarães Rosa foi reeditado pela Nova Fronteira, contando com novo projeto gráfico e com as ilustrações de Roger Mello, em edição dedicada ao público jovem. Além de observar o modo como a obra busca o diálogo com esse público em níveis textuais e imagéticos, o estudo concentra-se na análise das ilustrações. Verifica-se a hipótese de que as imagens, em (...) vez de apenas facilitarem a leitura para um público específico, expandem o sentido da obra original contemplando todos os públicos. Como resultado, demonstra-se a potência das imagens e sua capacidade de enriquecer a experiência de leitura do conto de Rosa.Palavras-chave: João Guimarães Rosa. Reendereçamento. Ilustração. AbstractThis article analyzes the readdressing of the work Fita verde no cabelo: nova velha estória to youth literature. In 1992, Guimarães Rosa's short story was reissued by Nova Fronteira. The book had a new graphic project by Roger Mello. This study focuses not only on how the story is looking for dialogue with the young audience in written-text and visual-image levels, but also in the analysis of illustrations. We verify the hypothesis that the images do not facilitate the reading process for a specific audience, for they are in turn ways to expand the meanings of the original work. The potential of those images is demonstrated along with their capacity to enrich the reading experience of Rosa's short story.Keywords: João Guimarães Rosa. Readdressing. Illustration. (shrink)

A era pós moderna revela algumas sintomas de uma razão enferma, sendo os pnncipais a fragmentação dos modelos racionais e a restrição do horizonte epistémico deles. A recusa a assumir referentes universais sobre os quais edificar validamente um sistema racional leva consigo a derrocada de todo o princípio de validação, teórico ou prático. Tal facto compromete decisivamente qualquer ensaio de fundamentação em bioética. A ausência de uma concepção substantiva de bens e de fins manifesta-se na diversidade de sentidos dados ao (...) princípio de beneficência no interior de paradigmas também eles plurais. A questão premente é a de saber se, em tal situação, a tarefa de fundamentação em bioética é possível e, em caso afirmativo, como sanar as enfermidades da razão. Postmodern philosophy shows symptoms of some reason ills, the most evident of them being the fragmentation of rational paradigms together with the narrowness of their epistemic scope. Rejecting the possibility of knowing universal references upon which reason might construct a rational system, every essay of values foundation fails. As a result, dealing with the foundation of bioethics becomes a hard endeavor. Because a substantive notion of good and ends is absent, plural and opposite contemporary paradigms of bioethics foundation provide plural and opposite senses to the principle of beneficence. This article analyzes some of these contradictory theses. The central issue is to know if, being so, the foundation of bioethics is still possible and, if so, which therapies are suitable to heal the ills of contemporary reason. (shrink)

O presente artigo, tem como objetivo apresentar a maneira pela qual Hobbes e Espinosa entendem a multidão, elucidando, a partir disso o papel que conferem a ela na instituição do Estado. Parte-se do pressuposto de que tanto num pensador quanto no outro, a multidão tem um papel central no que diz respeito à instituição do estado civil, de maneira que, por vias distintas, tal instituição somente pode ser pensada a partir dela. Como se observa, os dois pensadores têm maneiras totalmente (...) díspares de conceber a multidão – enquanto em um ela necessariamente precisa ser unificada por meio da representação, no outro o sujeito político instituinte é justamente a multidão tomada em sua pluralidade –, do que se segue que somos colocados diante de duas concepções distintas de Estado. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas considerações acerca de uma das noções chave da ética espinosana, a saber, a noção de afeto. Com essas considerações destacamos dois momentos: no primeiro, apontamos que, ao fazer uso da noção de afeto Espinosa pode pensar a afetividade humana de maneira distinta daquela pela qual foi pensada pela tradição, isso é, pode pensa-la não apenas do ponto de vista da paixão senão também da ação, o que implica, em outras palavras que, ser (...) afetivo não corresponde necessariamente a ser passivo. No outro momento discorremos acerca das duas definições de afeto presentes na Ética, procurando esclarecer uma e outra, e mostrar o porquê de Espinosa apresentar duas definições distintas para uma mesma coisa. (shrink)

Este escrito surge de nuestras investigaciones sobre la caracterización y las fuentes del republicanismo arendtiano y pretende intervenir en el debate urgente que se abre acerca de nuestras democracias contemporáneas. Es en este panorama que quisiéramos ubicar nuestras reflexiones con la expectativa de reintroducir, a través del pensamiento de Hannah Arendt, ciertos aspectos que consideramos centrales para pensar la república y que han sido dejados de lado en el debate público sobre los regímenes políticos contemporáneos. Estos son el lugar del (...) pueblo en la república, su función y su dinámica política en la vida de las instituciones y en la expresión de la libertad en el orden político contemporáneo. En efecto, sostendremos en este trabajo que las reflexiones de Arendt sobre la república están íntimamente ligadas a la figura, o, deberíamos decir mejor, a las múltiples figuras del pueblo y al rol que ellas juegan en la institución política de la libertad. (shrink)