La concepción kantiana delyo es considerada convencionalmente como nouménica criticismo y, particularmente, como desvinculados de los escritos éticos. En este escrito me propongo defender una interpretación más amplia del criticismo mediante la integración de los escritos éticos y religiosos y el seguimiento de las transformaciones experimentadas por el yo y su relación con el otro y monádica. Esta interpretación tradicional, a mi juicio no del todo correcta, surge de no considerar los escritos kantianos sobre la religión como parte integral del (...) criticismo mediante la integración de los escritos éticos y religiosos y el seguimiento de las transformaciones experimentadas por el yo y su relación con el otro. (shrink)

Este trabajo se propone abordar la influencia ejercida por Rousseau en el pensamiento práctico kantiano. En lugar de ser una influencia de índole metódica (Newton) o epistemológica (Hume), la influencia de Rousseau fue esencialmente moral y, gracias ella, lo práctico –tal y como es concebido en el “Canon de la razón pura”- adquirió una importancia superlativa en el conjunto general del sistema kantiano. La tesis que se sostiene a lo largo del estudio es que Rousseau, más que Hume y Newton, (...) brindó la pauta para la constitución final del sistema filosófico de Kant. (shrink)

Commentators of Hobbes’ Political Theory are divided between those who argue that the state of nature is caused by competition and distrust and those who affirm that it is caused by the fight for glory. In his work Hobbes and the Social Contract Tradition, Jean Hampton analyzes the arguments presented in favor of both accounts, and proposes –against the aforementioned accounts– that conflict in the state of nature is the result of an error in reasoning that leads men to undervalue (...) the future benefits of cooperative work. The article describes the account developed by Hampton and establishes the differences it has in relation to the rationality and passions accounts of conflict. (shrink)

En Ideals as Interests in Hobbes’s Leviathan, Sharon Ann Lloyd desarrolla una novedosa interpretación del problema político de Hobbes y de la solución que él elabora en El Leviatán. Lloyd se aparta de las interpretaciones estándares sobre Hobbes al sostener que el hombre hobbesiano es capaz de defender intereses transcendentales (es decir, intereses que no encajan en el esquema del deseo de autoconservación) y que la contradicción entre estos intereses constituye la principal amenaza del orden social. En contra de la (...) interpretación estándar, Lloyd afirma que el conflicto no se circunscribe al estado de naturaleza y que el problema fundamental de la teoría política de Hobbes concierne al establecimiento y el mantenimiento del orden social. De acuerdo con Lloyd, la solución del desorden social se lleva a cabo no sólo mediante estrategias realistas sino además mediante estrategias pedagógicas. (shrink)

El ensayo es un análisis crítico de la tesis libertaria que ofrece una justificaciónde la violencia. A lo largo del texto sostengo la tesis de que ni moralni lógicamente el argumento libertario, que justifica el terror y la violencia,es válido y, mucho menos, persuasivo. En contra de él, defiendo una concepciónde la libertad basada en la tolerancia de creencias, desprovista decontenidos doctrinarios o cosmovisivos.

En los albores de la modernidad, tras la ruptura de la unidad del pensamientomedieval, los diferentes ámbitos del saber humano comenzaron aexperimentar un proceso de racionalización (secularización) que devino ensu separación. Particularmente, el Leviatán de Thomas Hobbes constituyeuno de los primeros esfuerzos por separar la religión de la política. En estetrabajo me ocupo precisamente de analizar esta relación. Más que exponerla estructura interna del contrato hobbesiano, lo que me interesa demostrares que en el Leviatán el propósito político de justificar la (...) autoridad de unEstado mediante un acuerdo entre sujetos libres e iguales está puesto alservicio de la consecución de un propósito religioso: la institución en latierra del reino de Dios. (shrink)

This is a Spanish translation of an essay that offers a systematic exposition and partial defense of Kant's philosophy of prayer. "Does Kant even HAVE a philosophy of prayer?" you may ask. Read on...and you'll see!

La reconciliación suele ser definida como el proceso de restablecimiento de las relaciones que un conflicto ha perturbado. Esta perturbación ha sido asociada por la convención académica a la guerra o a la dictadura y analizada en la perspectiva de generar las condiciones para construir sostenidamente la paz. En el presente estudio, ofrezco una respuesta al problema de reconciliación que, con fundamento en la noción de armonización ética, aporta una solución plausible a los conflictos que tienen lugar en contextos de (...) transición institucional y en contextos interpersonales. Así, la respuesta basada en la armonización ética sostiene que es posible restablecer las relaciones después de un conflicto si los conjuntos de creencias enfrentados son armonizados por medio de un juicio en situación orientado a la materialización del objetivo ético -con y para otro- en instituciones justas. (shrink)

This study described and analysed the circumstances surrounding a fatal car accident involving personnel of a multinational corporation in a developing country. For some companies, road accidents are the leading cause of work-related fatalities in developing countries. This reality highlights the ethical dilemmas encountered in a global workplace. Questions as to how a company addresses safety concerns outside the standard work environment, the ethics of operating in a risky environment and the requirements for international consistency in compensation standards for loss (...) of life were addressed. The authors argued that multinational companies should localize health and safety practices to address the important asymmetries between different regions of the world regarding social, cultural and infrastructural issues. Furthermore, the authors analysed the leadership role that should be played by multinational companies to help and support national governments to reduce traffic fatalities in developing countries. From this perspective, the article represents a contribution for the body of knowledge dealing with the business–society relations. The authors used an action research approach to address these issues, both in response to the particular incident and to contribute to the body of research in this field. (shrink)

O artigo defende uma proposta filosófica neopirrônica, que se entende como inteiramente adequada às necessidades filosóficas do homem contemporâneo. O texto é diretamente inspirado na obra de Sexto Empírico e procura investigar as ricas potencialidades da noção pirroniana de fenômeno, uma vez restabelecido o seu sentido originário na obra de Sexto.

O artigo de Goodman “The Problem of Counterfactual Conditionals” teve um papel central no debate relativo a análise adequada dos condicionais contrafactuais. A seguir examinarei o artigo de Goodman em detalhe e discutirei algumas objeções e sugestões de Parry em seu artigo “A Reexamination of the Problem of Counterfactual Conditionals”. Restringirei minha discussão ao “problema das condições relevantes”, assim denominado por Goodman, que é o tema principal das críticas de Parry e que considero ser o problema principal para a abordagem (...) de Goodman. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007 / 1808-1711.2011v15n3p383. (shrink)

The applied discipline of agroecological design provides a useful case study for examining broader philosophical questions about the existence and importance of ecological generalizations or “laws.” Recent developments in the availability and use of formal meta-analyses have led to the discovery of many resilient generalizations in ecology (Linquist et al. 2016). However, these “laws” face numerous challenges when it comes to their practical application. Concerns about their reliability and scope might stem from unclear logical and epistemic connections to more foundational (...) or “unifying” generalizations (Lean in Philos Top 47(1), 2019) which, in ecology, tend to be derived from first principles and in association with highly abstract models. This raises questions about the nature of those foundational generalizations themselves. In particular, how resilient are they compared to the generalizations uncovered by empirically driven methods? Here we propose a procedure for evaluating the resilience of generalizations across five ecologically relevant dimensions. This procedure was applied to seven well known foundational generalizations in ecology. Surprisingly, it turned out to be impossible to estimate the resilience of these foundational generalizations based on the available literature. This points to the need for a more centralized repository of information about ecological generalizations, created with the explicit aim of evaluating such important dimensions as causal mechanism and predictive power. (shrink)

The standard view of logical form is that logical forms are synthetic structures which are the forms of sentences and of other linguistic entities. This is often associated with a more general linguistic view of logic which is articulated in different ways by various authors. This paper contains a critical discussion of such linguistic approaches to logical form, with special emphasis on Quine’s formulation of a logical grammar in Philosophy of Logic. An account of logical forms as higher-order properties, which (...) essentially builds on Frege’s analysis of quantification as higher-order predication, is suggested at the end. (shrink)

The progress of Mathematics during the nineteenth century was characterised both by an enormous acquisition of new knowledge and by the attempts to introduce rigour in reasoning patterns and mathematical writing. Cauchy’s presentation of Mathematical Analysis was not immediately accepted, and many writers, though aware of that new style, did not use it in their own mathematical production. This paper is devoted to an episode of this sort that took place in Spain during the first half of the century: It (...) deals with the presentation of a method for numerically solving algebraic equations by José Mariano Vallejo, a late Spanish follower of the Enlightenment ideas, politician, writer, and mathematician who published it in the fourth (1840) edition of his book Compendio de Matemáticas Puras y Mistas, claiming to have discovered it on his own. Vallejo’s main achievement was to write down the whole procedure in a very careful way taking into account the different types of roots, although he paid little attention to questions such as convergence checks and the fulfilment of the hypotheses of Rolle’s Theorem. For sure this lack of mathematical care prevented Vallejo to occupy a place among the forerunners of Computational Algebra. (shrink)

Ontology played a very large role in Quine’s philosophy and was one of his major preoccupations from the early 30’s to the end of his life. His work on ontology provided a basic framework for most of the discussions of ontology in analytic philosophy in the second half of the Twentieth Century. There are three main themes (and several sub-themes) that Quine developed in his work. The first is ontological commitment: What are the existential commitments of a theory? The second (...) is ontological reduction: How can an ontology be reduced to (or substituted by) another? And what is the most economical ontology that can be obtained for certain given purposes? The third is criteria of identity: When are entities of some kind (sets, properties, material objects, propositions, meanings, etc.) the same or different? In this paper I discuss Quine’s development of these three themes and some of the problems that were aised in connection with his work. (shrink)

This paper develops two main themes: in the first place, one tries to make clear how, from the point of view of our contemporary philosophical ideas, a retrospective interpretation of Greek sceptic pyrrhonism allows us to read it, not only as a questioning of the theses and arguments of dogmatic philosophy, but as a questioning, too, of the very legitimity of the traditional philosophical problems and philosophical language. But the second part of the text is a positive one, which proceeds (...) to an analysis of the relation between a phenomenic and a dogmatic level of language and, then, explains how the idea of a philosophical investigation of problems formulated in the phenomenic level is plainly compatible with (neo)pyrrhonic philosophy. And a discussion is undertaken of the relation between problems formulated in one and another levels. (shrink)