The subject examined in the paper is a morals and law relationship in terms of the absolute Good in the context of the Russian philosopher Volodymyr Soloviov's philosophy of Total Unity. It is established that morals are expression of the idea of the absolute Good whereas law is a bridge between the ideal good and reality. Law specifies the law of God, defines the conditions for its implementation and sets limits of punishment if these conditions are not met and public (...) safety is threatened. With the above in view, the philosopher's idea of a potential use of force in the context of the law of God enforceability is topical. From Volodymyr Soloviov's viewpoint, law without force is only declaration whereas law without moral standards is violence. Morals without a legal framework may get reduced to moralization and even leveling of the idea of the absolute good. Based on an analysis of V. Soloviov's treatise "Justification of the good. Moral philosophy", which is a key work covering this subject, the author draws a conclusion that a correct morals and law relationship is possible only when law, remaining within its formal bounds, supports fair order in society while harmoniously correlating with the law of God as the highest embodiment of the idea of the absolute good. (shrink)

The paper examines the issue of justice in the Russian philosophical tradition of the late 19th - early 20th centuries in the context of a philosophical and legal rationale of this category, offered by the famous Russian philosophers Boris Chicherin and Vladimir Soloviyov. An analysis of Boris Chicherin's works "Philosophy of Law", "Course of State Science" and "Philosophical Issues" afforded ground for concluding that the thinker deduced justice from the idea of freedom and defined it as a balance of compulsory (...) (state) and voluntary (moral) laws. Keeping such a balance is possible only within human unions which supreme rule is adherence to truth i.e. everyone shall get what belongs to him. Requirements of justice also include respect for someone else's rights and minority rights whereas achievement of general welfare is considered by the philosopher as its supreme goal. Views of Vladimir Soloviyov were explored through analyzing his works "Justification of Good" and "Right and Morals". Justice is among the central concepts of his philosophical conception "Ethics of Universal Unity" and is defined as common equality before the law, the supreme ideal, the good i.e. the only righteous and true life journey. The good as it is reveals to a man his meaning of life through the categories of truth and love. Justice as law of truth destines to each his own whereas justice as law of love shows a man the necessity of sacrifice for his neighbor. Discussion between these philosophers subsequently governed the extent of creative perception of philosophical and legal issues related to the balance of law and morals, individual freedom and equality. (shrink)

У статті на підставі аналізу основоположних праць російського філософа Володимира Соловйова "Виправдання добра" та "Право і моральність" визначено характеристики справедливості, які дозволяють розуміти її як міру співвідношення моралі і права, діяння та відплати. Автор статті формулює максими філософської доктрини Володимира Соловйова, які полягають у: 1) визнанні права злочинця і потерпілого на допомогу держави; 2) нетотожності відплати та існуючих кримінальних законів; 3) повазі до людської гідності в будь-якому випадку; 4) необхідності впливати на злочинця виключно словом порозуміння; 5) невиправданості покарання з моральної (...) точки зору; 6) необхідності суспільної опіки над злочинцем. (shrink)