The urgency of the issue in question lies in the need to improve anti-discrimination legislation in Ukraine. The article aims to summarize the current state of combating discrimination in sports. Research methods include analysis, generalization, and the formal-logical method. The article summarizes international acts that promote the prohibition of discrimination and the need to combat it. One of the main problems in world sport is racial discrimination, and there are three types of racism in sports. The main disadvantage of laws (...) that lead to imperfect prosecution mechanism is entirely criminal liability for discrimination, even though the law on preventing and combating discrimination also implies administrative and civil liability. The article analyzes some positive foreign experience in combating and counteracting in sports. It shows that the priority areas for combating and counteracting discrimination in sports in Ukraine should be: improving the legislation in terms of prosecution; establishing a special body responsible for combating and counteracting discrimination in sports; introducing educational tools in schools and among members of sports organizations that promote human rights, regardless of race, colour or other characteristics. Emphasis is placed on the fact that an effective mechanism of legal regulation together with preventive measures should guarantee the protection of the rights of both athletes and fans. The obtained results can serve as the basis of legislative proposals to improve the fight against discrimination in sports, which will ensure the protection of human rights. (shrink)

У статті розкриваються російсько-радянські основи ментальності мешканців Донбасу, яка характеризується автором як афективно-фрагментарна. Її ключовими особливостями є історична багатоукладність ціннісних смислів, гостре внутрішнє протиріччя, переплетення архаїко-язичницьких і християнських ідей, глибокий вплив міфо-казкових архетипів. Кілька спроб модернізації країни не змінили радянсько-російську ментальність, вона лише набула цивілізаційних атрибутів, але не напрацювала позитивних механізмів адаптації до нових реалій життя.

The article reconstructs the false foundations of Soviet designs imaginable urbanization detects starting social places concepts of "classical" days of building socialism. Projected into the future the idea of permanent revolution, the destruction of "bourgeois barbarism" and desire the establishment of legal order Bolsheviks led the workers to the approval of a new type of state and the formation of a new anthropological type of person. This type - "eternal revolutionary", "architect of the new world" had to live with a (...) single purpose - to extend the principles of proletarian justice to the axis of the world. The epicenter of the factory or the formation of the new man was an industrial city - industrial zone heroically-miltarism work. The main method of the formation of cities and the new man was a total mobilization, the image of the antagonistic enemy of mythic-Titanic goal, collectively practice of collective responsibility, temporal-topeni the control of the state-party bodies the army-camp architecture, etc. The Communists sought to build the city for centuries, people, nomos chose to build incubators "eternal revolutionaries", the barracks of the unknown soldier or barracks devotees of "Stakhanovite". In the draft party not only needs to become an industrial base for future victories over bourgeois barbarism, but also a gathering place loyal fighters for a revolutionary breakthrough - the construction of communism all over the world. Social city - misguided or sinister space, which is not provided for the life of a healthy society. It is the fruit of pure nomos, state coercion, that denied cultural and national experiences, socio-economic patterns, cravings human being the ruins of the Communist concepts of permanent revolution and militarism of labor. The experience of the Communist daydreaming inspires the statement that as an axiom of the relationship of nomos and fuses in urban space is the right man for happiness. A key measure of their dialectical interaction is the reliance on the security and preservation of the integrity of human nature, national heritage, the experience of past generations. (shrink)

The article describes the representation of St. Augustine's spirit and theological-historical implications of the law, its positive impact on the legitimization of European identity. Theologian distinguishes three types of law: a temporary, natural and eternal law. The latter is an all-encompassing force that controls all the processes of creation. It is implemented through the story and disclosed in the cognitive capabilities of a person to understand its course. Person of the eternal law is also the Holy Letter. It directs the (...) faithful to the divine essence and enables the implementation of the covenants of Christ - to search for individual mutual society. Realization of the Divine precepts creates two social practices: the legalization of individual and corporate rights of the defense of honor and collective property, as well as claims libertalny principle of law. Natural law comes from the eternal law, and there is a perfect synthesis of normal human relationships and the general laws of nature. Its key provisions are security and the continuation of life of the human race. Precept of natural law is the pursuit of a free implementation of the transcendent and the immanent levels of human existence. And at the same time the desire of people to be a single entity - to reach a general agreement (concordia), the order of love with all the elements of social life. Klyuchnym for achieving concordia is understanding people in the language that gives everyone in the communication process with the "neighbors" to reveal their natural essence and develop common criteria for the fair. Temporary law is a combination of the laws of the state and social control in the form of folk traditions and customs. It forms a unique socio-politic about individual people and determines its development. For Augustine, the temporary law is conscious norm overseas social elements of individual and corporate desires that can destroy people reached concordia. However, Augustine's interpretation of the law did not eliminate the temporary rule of the eternal law in the soul of man - his conscience and the right of free solutions. The human soul is a divine archetype, and therefore the individual acquires the status of an autonomous artist eternal and natural law. Thus, the Augustinian doctrine of the law legitimizes the human right to self-affirmation, the autonomic harmonization of all three levels of law. This aspect of the teaching of St. Augustine become the basis for the approval of the European individualism. (shrink)

У статті розкрито уявлення св. Августина про іманентний і трансцендентний зміст страху й визначено його місце в уявленій світобудові та значення в індивідуальному процесі реалізації універсальних форм - у спасінні. Виявлено, що в доктрині отця церкви страх має три види і є дієвим елементом світобудови. Його спроможність трансформувати світоглядну уяву первісно залежить від вільного вибору людини. А символізм й ієрархічність дали змогу створити теократичний взірець ідеального соціально-політичного порядку й використовувати страх як знаряддя "нагляду" за всім, що потенційно загрожує безпеці колективного (...) спасіння. (shrink)

У статті розкривається концепція миру в уявлені св. Августина для позитивного вирішення проблеми синхронізації колективного й індивідуального з метою збереження комунікації між іманентним і трансцендентним. Робиться висновок, що поняття "мир" в Августиновій доктрині отримало універсальний зміст завдяки своїй комплексності й кумулятивності в справі спасіння - практичного руху іманентного до трансцендентного і навпаки. Завдяки індивідуальному здобутку миру на всіх рівнях соціально-політичного й релігійного буття, pax aeterna й pax sempiterna максимально зближуються і тим ставлять людство перед Божою ласкою.

This paper examines the nature and mission of the church in case of synchronization of individual and collective revealed and its social dimension in the doctrine of St. Augustine. We found that the doctrine of St. Augustine church focusing on a few universal concepts which make it possible to share a mystical communion into hierarchical levels and justify a higher capability to church "loving compulsion" imperfect. This flexible foundation principle of creating individual and collective synchronization and admitted his main tools: (...) Christian state that receives the highest sanction carrier sword of the Lord and the monastic way of believer's life - estrangement and in silent contemplation of the eternal state of the soul essence. The teaching of theologians had a double effect. It is, at first, was the basis of the concept of sacral and utilitarian State High and Late Middle Ages. Secondly, the teaching of theologian contemplative life was further rod idea of medieval philosophy, a doctrine that had a decisive influence on European consciousness, until the Enlightenment. Augustine's interpreted the doctrine that man can be saved independently, it can happen only with the living presence of God in this life, which is due to internal and external routes encourages people to perfection. Determining the path of salvation in the early Middle Ages was grieving and humble monk in contemplation of austerity. However, it should be noted that a key Augustine's principle - contemplative soul perfection that realized ascetic life of monks becomes narrow corporate practices. It deepened singular trend early Christian violate equality synchronization between collective and individual. Monastic Practice has proved, it is not effective, because it could not provide imaginable salvation to all members of the Christian community - tore the only body of the church - shared by Ecclesia sancta ecclesia catholic. Because the only historical conditions have changed at the same time rises task salvation of Republic Christiana, not selected by the grace of monks. Revived Early Christian idea of the right of everyone to achieve wisdom and bliss. Under these conditions, contemplative method of salvation need your additions, and most in need of a new interpretation of the concept of passivity public life of God's people. (shrink)

У статті розкриваються Августинові інтенції синхронізації індивідуального і колективного в царині політичного. Для гармонізації протиріч індивідуального і колективного та наближення до доброчесного вдосконалення богослов пропонував ряд державницьких концептів. Він радив, незважаючи на гріховну природу державної влади, навчитися використовувати її в спільній справі наближення до Граду Божого.

The author seeks to reveal the contents Skotovoho term "haecceitas", pointing to its location in metaphysics Scholasticus and European influence on the development of individualized thinking. Concluding should be noted that the term Skotovskyy haecceitas legitimizes in western thinking right essential to the existence of a single state in the autonomous formalities in a state of positive-singular being relative to the summum ens, preserving the unity of the personal hierarchy of the universe. This doctrinal principle axiologicaly urivnovazhyv metaphysical thinking of (...) the natural intelligence of the individual to determine their yedynoznachnist things. Explain this view, Habermas, who notes that "... metaphysical thinking shapes suited to the individual. John Duns Scotus justifies it eventually to extend of essential also in the sphere of the individual. It gives a precise definition of Haecceitas, which also puts a stamp on individuation significant, because it is really essential opposed to individual equivalent generality". As a mode of essential forms haecceitas makes it the ultimate reality Meanwhile "individual form," which asserts the man status uniqueness. Comprehension of "individual forms" that there is a reasonable, figuratively originality here and now finds loving will of the Creator to creation, and the inspiring personality to volitional direction defined by God to perfect forms and types. This imposes a duty on the ambivalent personality. On the one hand the individual is responsible for the terrible harmony with summum ens, on the other hand gets within their reality, to be sreatorom natural and human things - finally implement the will of God in single-unique. Latest content is the foundation of modern thinking and definitive doctrinal legitimation of Western individualism. (shrink)

У статті досліджуються конститутивні пункти середньовічного міста, елементи онтологічної сутності цього феномену. Відправною сутністю середньовічного міста є його трансцендентна спрямованість, яка затверджує уявлені образи порядку, що втілюються в раціонально-правову цілісність та спадковість міського життя. Процес смислоутворення середньовічного міста має своє підґрунтя в біблійних образах, богословських екзегезах та архетипних діях - утворення завдяки колективній клятві асоціації рівних, що скеровують своє співжиття до досягнення релігійного ідеалу. Цей формоутворюючий процес мав задачу позбавитись status naturae і через громадське служіння, бездоганне виконання законів і доброчесність (...) наблизитися до status gratiae - земного стану духовної свободи та вдосконалення. Досвід формування міста в середні віки відроджує ідею античного поліса, його ключову відзнаку - раціонально-правову впорядкованість, що виявляється в евдомонічній формі життя. (shrink)