53 found
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  1.  83
    Persons, Interests, and Justice.Nils Holtug - 2010 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press.
    In our lives, we aim to achieve welfare for ourselves, that is, to live good lives. But we also have another, more impartial perspective, where we aim to balance our concern for our own welfare against a concern for the welfare of others. This is a perspective of justice. Nils Holtug examines these two perspectives and the relations between them.
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  2. The harm principle.Nils Holtug - 2002 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 5 (4):357-389.
    According to the Harm Principle, roughly, the state may coerce a person only if it can thereby prevent harm to others. Clearly, this principle depends crucially on what we understand by harm. Thus, if any sort of negative effect on a person may count as a harm, the Harm Principle will fail to sufficiently protect individual liberty. Therefore, a more subtle concept of harm is needed. I consider various possible conceptions and argue that none gives rise to a plausible version (...)
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  3. On the value of coming into existence.Nils Holtug - 2001 - The Journal of Ethics 5 (4):361-384.
    In this paper I argue that coming into existence can benefit (or harm) aperson. My argument incorporates the comparative claim that existence canbe better (or worse) for a person than never existing. Since these claimsare highly controversial, I consider and reject a number of objectionswhich threaten them. These objections raise various semantic, logical,metaphysical and value-theoretical issues. I then suggest that there is animportant sense in which it can harm (or benefit) a person not to comeinto existence. Again, I consider and (...)
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  4. Prioritarianism.Nils Holtug - 2007 - In Nils Holtug & Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen (eds.), Egalitarianism: new essays on the nature and value of equality. New York: Clarendon Press. pp. 125--156.
  5. Egalitarianism: new essays on the nature and value of equality.Nils Holtug & Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen (eds.) - 2007 - New York: Clarendon Press.
    The contributors to the volume are: Richard Arneson, Linda Barclay, Thomas Christiano, Nils Holtug, Susan Hurley, Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen, Dennis McKerlie, ...
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  6. An introduction to contemporary egalitarianism.Nils Holtug & Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen - 2007 - In Nils Holtug & Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen (eds.), Egalitarianism: new essays on the nature and value of equality. New York: Clarendon Press. pp. 1--37.
     
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  7.  32
    The Politics of Social Cohesion: Immigration, Community, and Justice.Nils Holtug - 2021 - Oxford University Press.
    "The Politics of Social Cohesion considers in greater detail the impact of immigration on social cohesion and egalitarian redistribution. First, it critically scrutinizes an influential argument, according to which immigration leads to ethnic diversity, which again tends to undermine trust and solidarity and so the social basis for redistribution. According to this argument, immigration should be severely restricted. Second, it considers the suggestion that, in response to worries about immigration, states should promote a shared identity to foster social cohesion in (...)
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  8.  87
    Human Gene therapy: Down the slippery slope?Nils Holtug - 1993 - Bioethics 7 (5):402-419.
    The strength of a slippery slope argument is a matter of some dispute. Some see it as a reasonable argument pointing out what probably or inevitably follows from adopting some practice, others see it as essentially a fallacious argument. However, there seems to be a tendency emerging to say that in many cases, the argument is not actually fallacious, although it may be unsubstantiated. I shall not try to settle this general discussion, but merely seek to assess the strength of (...)
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  9.  57
    (1 other version)Prioritarianism: Ex Ante, Ex Post, or Factualist Criterion of Rightness?Nils Holtug - 2019 - Journal of Political Philosophy 27 (2):207-228.
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  10.  50
    Egalitarianism and the levelling down objection.Nils Holtug - 1998 - Analysis 58 (2):166-174.
  11.  70
    A fair distribution of refugees in the European Union.Nils Holtug - 2016 - Journal of Global Ethics 12 (3):279-288.
    ABSTRACTIn light of the large recent inflow of refugees to the EU and the Commission’s efforts to relocate them, I raise the question of what a fair distribution of refugees between EU countries would look like. More specifically, I consider what concerns such a distributive scheme should be sensitive to. First, I put forward some arguments for why states are obligated to admit refugees and outline how I believe the EU should respond to the refugee crisis. This involves, among other (...)
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  12. Welfarism – The Very Idea.Nils Holtug - 2003 - Utilitas 15 (2):151.
    According to outcome welfarism, roughly, the value of an outcome is fundamentally a matterof the individual welfare it contains. I assess various suggestions as to how to spell out this idea more fully on the basis of some basic intuitions about the content and implications of welfarism. I point out that what are in fact different suggestions are often conflated and argue that none fully captures the basic intuitions. I then suggest that what this means is that different doctrines of (...)
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  13.  76
    A note on conditional egalitarianism.Nils Holtug - 2007 - Economics and Philosophy 23 (1):45-63.
    Roughly, according to conditional egalitarianism, equality is non-instrumentally valuable, but only if it benefits at least one individual. Some political theorists have argued that conditional egalitarianism has the important virtue that it allows egalitarians to avoid the so-called objection. However, in the present article I argue that conditional egalitarianism does not offer the egalitarian a plausible escape route from this objection. First, I explain the levelling down objection and suggest some particular concerns from which it derives its force. Then I (...)
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  14. Utility, Priority and Possible People.Nils Holtug - 1999 - Utilitas 11 (1):16.
    This paper discusses what the so-called Priority View implies regarding possible people. It is argued that this view is plausible when applied to fixed populations, but that, when applied to the issue of possible people, it faces certain difficulties. If it is claimed that possible people fall within the scope of the Priority View, we are led to the repugnant conclusion at a faster pace than we are by, e.g., utilitarianism. And if it is claimed that possible people do not (...)
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  15.  66
    Welfare Luck Egalitarianism and Expensive Tastes.Nils Holtug - 2015 - Moral Philosophy and Politics 2 (1):179-206.
    In his classic paper “Equality of What? Part 1: Equality of Welfare”, Ronald Dworkin argued that we should reject the notion that welfare is the currency of egalitarian justice. One reason is that this notion implies we should compensate individuals for expensive tastes they have deliberately cultivated. However, several egalitarians have objected that Dworkin conflates the resource/welfare and the luck/choice distinction. In particular, welfare luck egalitarianism implies that expensive tastes that are deliberately cultivated may not be compensable. In response to (...)
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  16. Person-Affecting Moralities.Nils Holtug - 2004 - In Torbjörn Tännsjö & Jesper Ryberg (eds.), The Repugnant Conclusion: Essays on Population Ethics. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 129–161.
    According to impersonal moralities, welfare is good, period. Therefore, it is good that welfare is realised, whether by the benefiting of individuals who already exist or by the bringing of new...
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  17. Killing and the Time-relative Interest Account.Nils Holtug - 2011 - The Journal of Ethics 15 (3):169-189.
    Jeff McMahan appeals to what he calls the “Time-relative Interest Account of the Wrongness of Killing ” to explain the wrongness of killing individuals who are conscious but not autonomous. On this account, the wrongness of such killing depends on the victim’s interest in his or her future, and this interest, in turn, depends on two things: the goods that would have accrued to the victim in the future; and the strength of the prudential relations obtaining between the victim at (...)
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  18. The cosmopolitan strikes back: a critical discussion of Miller on nationality and global equality.Nils Holtug - 2011 - Ethics and Global Politics 4 (3):147-163.
    According to David Miller, we have stronger obligations towards our co-nationals than we have towards non-nationals. While a principle of equality governs our obligations of justice within the nation-state, our obligations towards non-nationals are governed by a weaker principle of sufficiency. In this paper, I critically assess Miller’s objection to a traditional argument for global egalitarianism, according to which nationalist and other deviations from equality rely on factors that are arbitrary from a moral point of view. Then I critically discuss (...)
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  19.  28
    Equality and the Treatment‐Enhancement Distinction.Nils Holtug - 2011 - Bioethics 25 (3):137-144.
    ABSTRACT In From Chance to Choice, Allen Buchanan, Dan Brock, Norman Daniels and Daniel Wikler propose a new way of defending the moral significance of the distinction between genetic treatments and enhancements. They develop what they call a ‘normal function model’ of equality of opportunity and argue that it offers a ‘limited’ defence of this distinction. In this article, I critically assess their model and the support it (allegedly) provides for the treatment‐enhancement distinction. First, I argue that there is a (...)
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  20.  75
    Good for whom?Nils Holtug - 2003 - Theoria 69 (1-2):4-20.
    According to the Levelling Down Objection, (teleological) egalitarianism implausibly implies that it can be in one respect good to bring about equality, even if no‐one benefits from it. Larry Temkin has argued that this objection presupposes a principle he calls the ‘Slogan’. And he has raised two objections to this principle. According to the first, the Slogan gets us into trouble when applied to the so‐called Non‐Identity Problem. According to the second, the Slogan cannot be supported by a substantial theory (...)
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  21.  88
    (1 other version)Altering Humans—The Case For and Against Human Gene Therapy.Nils Holtug - 1997 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 6 (2):157-174.
    The case in favor of gene therapy is quite simple. Gene therapy is likely to improve the health and well-being of some people that are among the worst off in society, namely patients with painful and life-threatening diseases. However, two types of objection have been raised.
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  22.  56
    Who Benefits?— Why personal identity does not matter in a moral evaluation of germ‐line gene therapy.Nils Holtug & Peter Sandøe - 1996 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 13 (2):157-166.
    Recently it has been argued that some instances of germ‐line gene therapy will change the identity of the person who receives the benefit of therapy, and that in these instances there is no good moral reason to conduct germ‐line gene therapy. Against this we argue that even if gene therapy should have an effect on the identity of the resulting person, this would not diminish the urgency of the therapy. Not only would impersonal moral reasons speak in favour of such (...)
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  23.  4
    Theories of Value Aggregation.Nils Holtug - 2015 - In Iwao Hirose & Jonas Olson (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory. New York NY: Oxford University Press USA.
    This chapter discusses different accounts of how to aggregate individual advantages, including utilitarianism, egalitarianism, prioritarianism, and leximin. It distinguishes between these principles in terms of conditions such as the Pareto principle, strong separability, relationality, and the Pigou-Dalton principle of transfer. Furthermore, it accounts for how these distributive principles may be justified and for the main strengths and weaknesses of each. In particular, it focuses on the extent to which these principles violate the separateness of persons and whether they invite the (...)
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  24.  87
    The harm principle and genetically modified food.Nils Holtug - 2001 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 14 (2):168-178.
    It is suggested that the Harm Principle can be viewedas the moral basis on which genetically modified (GM) food iscurrently regulated. It is then argued (a) that the concept ofharm cannot be specified in such a manner as to render the HarmPrinciple a plausible political principle, so this principlecannot be used to justify existing regulation; and (b) that evenif the Harm Principle were a plausible political principle, itcould not be used alone in the regulation of GM food, since itdoes not (...)
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  25. Who cares about identity?Nils Holtug - 2009 - In David Wasserman & Melinda Roberts (eds.), Harming Future Persons: Ethics, Genetics and the Nonidentity Problem. Springer. pp. 71--92.
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  26.  42
    Experiences and attitudes towards end-of-life decisions amongst danish physicians.Anna P. Folker, Nils Holtug, Annette B. Jensen, Klemens Kappel & Jesper K. Nielsen Andmichael Norup - 1996 - Bioethics 10 (3):233–249.
    ABSTRACT In this survey we have investigated the experiences and attitudes of Danish physicians regarding end‐of life decisions. Most respondents have made decisions that involve hastening the death of a patient, and almost all find it acceptable to do so. Such decisions are made more often, and considered ethically more acceptable, with the informed consent of the patient than without. But both non‐resuscitation decisions, and decisions to provide pain relief in doses that will shorten the patient's life, have been made (...)
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  27.  89
    Prioritarianism and Population Ethics.Nils Holtug - 2012 - Iride: Filosofia e Discussione Pubblica 25 (1):45-56.
    According to prioritarianism, roughly, it is better to benefit a person, the worse off she is. This seems a plausible principle as long as it is applied only to fixed populations. However, once this restriction is lifted, prioritarianism seems to imply that it is better cause a person to exist at a welfare level of l than to confer l units on a person who already exists and is at a positive welfare level. Thus, prioritarianism seems to assign too much (...)
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  28. Animals : equality for animals.Nils Holtug - 2007 - In Jesper Ryberg, Thomas S. Petersen & Clark Wolf (eds.), New waves in applied ethics. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
     
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  29.  10
    Writing the Other: The Ethics of Out-Group Representation in Art.Nils Holtug - forthcoming - Moral Philosophy and Politics.
    Recently, there have been cases in which out-group representation in art has faced severe criticism. Out-group representation occurs when an artist in her work engages with people, characters, or subject matters that do not fall within her own identity group. This is exemplified by the case of finding a translator for Amanda Gorman’s The Hill We Climb in the Netherlands, where the original choice was criticized because, unlike Gorman, the translator was not Black, and by the case of Dana Schutz’s (...)
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  30. Genetics. Technological Intervention in Human Reproduction as a Philosophical Problem.Kurt Bayertz & Nils Holtug - 1996 - Bioethics 10 (2):173-175.
     
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  31. Nationalism, Secularism and Liberal Neutrality: The Danish Case of Judges and Religious Symbols.Nils Holtug - 2011 - Les ateliers de l'éthique/The Ethics Forum 6 (2):107-125.
    In 2009, a law was passed in the Danish parliament, according to which judges cannot wear religious symbols in courts of law. First, I trace the development of this legislation from resistance to Muslim religious practices on the nationalist right to ideas in mainstream Danish politics about secularism and state neutrality – a process I refer to as ‘liberalization’. Second, I consider the plausibility of such liberal justifications for restrictions on religious symbols in the public sphere and, in particular, for (...)
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  32.  24
    (1 other version)Luck Egalitarianism and the Rights of Immigrants.Nils Holtug - 2016 - Ratio Juris 29 (4).
    This article considers the implications of luck egalitarianism for a range of issues relating to international, South-North migration. More specifically, the implications of luck egalitarianism for the question of whether receiving societies are justified in extending to immigrants a less comprehensive set of rights than that enjoyed by other members of society are considered. First, are voluntary migrants responsible for their migration in such a way that receiving societies are justified in extending to them a less comprehensive set of rights (...)
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  33. Diversity and the Liberal State: Introduction.Xavier Landes & Nils Holtug - 2011 - Les ateliers de l'éthique/The Ethics Forum 6 (2):79-84.
  34.  15
    The Repugnant Conclusion about Self-Interest.Nils Holtug - 2001 - Danish Yearbook of Philosophy 36 (1):49-67.
  35.  64
    Climate Refugees, Demandingness and Kagan’s Conditional.Nils Holtug - 2021 - Res Publica 28 (1):33-47.
    In the years to come, a great number of people are going to be displaced due to climate change. Climate refugees are going to migrate to find somewhere more hospitable to live. In light of this, many countries are likely to try to prevent the influx of climate refugees, and more specifically argue that they cannot reasonably be required to take in large numbers of refugees as this is simply too demanding. This objection—the demandingness objection to taking in climate refugees—is (...)
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  36.  12
    Genethics.Nils Holtug - 2012 - In Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen Friis, Stig Andur Pedersen & Vincent F. Hendricks (eds.), A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 445–448.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Genes, Identity and Ethics Identity‐affecting Genetic Interventions Identity‐preserving Genetic Interventions Justice References and Further Reading.
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  37.  54
    Experiences and Attitudes Towards End‐of‐Life Decisions Amongst Danish Physicians.Anna P. Folker, Nils Holtug, Annette B. Jensen, Klemens Kappel, Jesper K. Nielsen & Michael Norup - 1996 - Bioethics 10 (3):233-249.
    In this survey we have investigated the experiences and attitudes of Danish physicians regarding end-of-life decisions. Most respondents have made decisions that involve hastening the death of a patient, and almost all find it acceptable to do so. Such decisions are made more often, and considered ethically more acceptable, with the informed consent of the patient than without. But both non-resuscitation decisions, and decisions to provide pain relief in doses that will shorten the patient's life, have been made and found (...)
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  38.  26
    Against Deontology.Nils Holtug - 2000 - SATS 1 (2):125-141.
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  39.  20
    Bioethics Research Group and Beyond: Three Decades of Studies in Ethics and Political Philosophy.Nils Holtug, Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen, Jesper Ryberg & Peter Sandøe - 2020 - Danish Yearbook of Philosophy 53 (1):133-161.
    The aim of this paper is to present some important contributions to ethics, value theory and political philosophy the former members of the Bioethics Research Group have made. The group was established at the University of Copenhagen in 1992 and was formally dissolved in 1997, but the members continued to work in ethics and political philosophy and set up research groups and centres at four Danish universities. Within four research themes, contributions made over the years are described. Research outputs of (...)
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  40. Barnets tarv.Nils Holtug & Klemens Kappel - 1994 - Philosophia:67-81.
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  41.  10
    Creating and Patenting New Life Forms.Nils Holtug - 1998 - In Helga Kuhse & Peter Singer (eds.), A Companion to Bioethics. Malden, Mass., USA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 235–244.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Values Micro‐organisms and Plants Animals Humans Patents References.
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  42.  7
    Det retfærdige samfund: om lighed som ideal i etik og politik.Nils Holtug, Klemens Kappel & Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen - 1997
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  43. Down the Slippery Slope.Nils Holtug & Human Gene Therapy - forthcoming - Bioethics.
     
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  44.  6
    Equality and the Rights of Religious Minorites.Nils Holtug - 2007 - Res Cogitans 4 (2).
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  45.  95
    Equality, priority and global justice.Nils Holtug - 2009 - Journal of Global Ethics 5 (3):173 – 179.
    Derek Parfit has argued that prioritarianism “naturally” has global scope, i.e. naturally applies to everyone, irrespective of his or her particular national, state or other communal affiliation. In that respect, it differs from e.g. egalitarianism. In this article, I critically assess Parfit's argument. In particular, I argue that it is difficult to draw conclusions about the scope of prioritarianism simply from an inspection of its structure. I also make some suggestions as to what it would take to argue that prioritarianism (...)
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  46.  14
    Heidegger’s concept of truth: Semantics and relativism.Nils Holtug - 1992 - Danish Yearbook of Philosophy 27 (1):7-22.
  47. Teoria della prioritá di chi sta peggio ed etica delle popolazioni.Nils Holtug - 2012 - Iride: Filosofia e Discussione Pubblica 25 (65):45-56.
     
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  48. Empirisk etik.Klemens Kappel & Nils Holtug - 1994 - Philosophia:51-66.
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  49.  45
    Insurance, Equality and the Welfare State: Political Philosophy and (of) Public Insurance.Xavier Landes & Nils Holtug - 2015 - Res Publica 21 (2):111-118.
    Public insurance is both everywhere and nowhere. It is everywhere in the sense that it is omnipresent in industrialised societies: public health insurance, unemployment benefits and pensions. It is a sizeable part of modern nations’ public budget . It has permeated our understanding of societal institutions to the extent that now access to public insurance coverage is understood as being a struggle for equality and equal citizenship .Public insurance is only one aspect of a broader phenomenon: the transformation of modern (...)
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  50. Nationalism and Multiculturalism in a World of Immigration.Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen, Nils Holtug & Sune Laegaard (eds.) - 2009 - Palgrave-Macmillan.
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