We are all immersed in a sea of social norms, but they are sometimes tricky to observe with any clarity. They are often invisible to us and emerge only when they are not observed. Social norms are important to understand because they are both limiting of our freedom, such as gendered and racialized norms, and at the same time the very conditions of our agency. Social Goodness presents an original, externalist answer to the question of the source or origin of (...) social role normativity. Rather than grounding social normativity in the attitudes of persons, the book argues for an externalism that roots social role normativity in the social world itself: in its positions, institutions, and larger architecture. The core insight of externalism is that the function or structural feature of an enterprise or activity can bring with it normative demands quite independently of the attitudes of those who engage with it. According to the artisanal model, just as a carpenter, ceramicist, or chef is responsive to and evaluable under a set of artisanal norms or techniques, so too is a mother and or an academic or a President. The source of normativity is this technique or expertise, independent of the preferences, endorsements, or recognitive attitudes of individuals. The artisanal model for social role normativity has resources to explain both the "stickiness" or persistence of social norms and our ability to criticize existing norms and to engage in normative self-creation--to create new normative selves. The artisanal model also has resources to capture and express the social situatedness, locality, and materiality of social roles. The relational ontology of social roles, implicit in the artisanal model, provides a useful frame to consider both hierarchical and oppressive social relations. (shrink)

This chapter reviews the literature on experimental political philosophy. Much of the literature considers individuals’ intuitions about distributive justice, retributive justice, and key concepts such as the doing/allowing distinction. The chapter argues that although there is relatively little experimental political philosophy proper, there are many avenues for future research. It presumes some familiarity with political philosophy, but its main aim is not to explain the relevance of studies to particular debates. The chapter provides an overview of interesting empirical results that (...) may be of some broad interest and suggests that there is reason for those interested in experimental political philosophy to do new kinds of empirical work and employ new methods from many disciplines. Experimental philosophy need not model itself primarily on the discipline of psychology. There are many useful methods available for answering important questions experimental philosophers might want to address in these other disciplines. (shrink)

The 'ethics of deconstruction'? -- Ethical (im)possibilities -- Ethics under erasure -- Ethical experience : a cinematic example.

Er arbeitete für eine Erneuerung des Judentums auf der Grundlage der deutschen Sprache. Doch das Land, das ihm Heimat war, verjagte ihn. Nach Auschwitz sah er die Beziehung des Judentums mit Deutschland zerstört, und ist doch offen für ein neues Gespräch. Was hat es mit Martin Buber und den Deutschen auf sich? War er der vom "geistigen Deutschland anerkannter deutsche Jude" oder nur der "Jude für die Deutschen nach Auschwitz"? Dieser Essay begibt sich auf eine spannende Spurensuche. Er bringt das (...) facettenreiche Bild einer ebenso spannungsvollen wie fruchtbaren Beziehung zu Tage. (shrink)

Nachdruck der Originalausgabe aus dem Jahr 1914.

Heute dominieren vereinseitigende Selbstbeschreibungen des Menschen, die ihn gentechnologisch, radikalkonstruktivistisch oder hirnphysiologisch auf sein biologisches Substrat reduzieren. Die Polyphonie, die man noch um 1800 in der Beschreibung des Menschen als das Zugleich von Körper und Geist hören konnte, weicht einer Einstimmig- und Einsinnigkeit kraft einer nur noch naturwissenschaftlichen Selbstthematisierung. Hieran ist zu erinnern, wenn man für die Zeit um 1800 festhält, dass sich die Denker zwar um solch disziplinäre Grenzen zwischen Naturgeschichte, Philosophie und Literatur nicht kümmerten, aber gerade dadurch der (...) Vielstimmigkeit einen Raum eröffneten. Die Verwendung des „Bildungstriebes“ in unterschiedlichen Zusammenhängen ist hierfür ein beredtes Zeugnis. Die vorliegende Arbeit zum „Bildungstrieb“ will und kann bisherige Rekonstruktionen des Bildungsbegriffs keineswegs ersetzen, sondern bestenfalls ergänzen. Damit aber werden im „Bildungstrieb“ Wurzeln des Bildungsbegriffs wieder in Erinnerung gerufen, die jenseits einer rein kognitiven, mentalen, subjektivistischen Zurichtung von „Bildung“ liegen. ***** Today, the dominant feature of the self-description of humans is one that confines them to their biological substrate. Genetic engineering, radical constructivism or brain physiology are among those disciplines which advocate such a perspective. The polyphonic descriptions of human beings around 1800, pointing out the simultaneity of body and mind, fall silent in favour of a one-sided and limited purely scientific self-thematization. Around 1800, due to their non-compliance regarding disciplinary boundaries between natural history, philosophy and literature, thinkers opened up a space for polyphony. The use of the “Bildungstrieb” (nisus formativus) in various contexts is eloquent evidence for this. The present volume on the “Bildungstrieb” does not and cannot replace previous reconstructions of the concept of “Bildung”, but at best complements them by drawing the reader’s attention once again to the roots of the concept of “Bildung” in the “Bildungstrieb” that lie beyond a purely cognitive, mental, subjectivist understanding of “Bildung”. (shrink)

Epistemic arguments play a significant role in the foundations of market liberalism as exemplified, in particular, by the work of F. A. Hayek. Competition in free markets is claimed to be the most effective device both to utilize the knowledge dispersed throughout society as well as create new knowledge through innovation competition. The fast pace with which new economic opportunities are discovered and costs are reduced is considered proof of the benefits of free markets to the common good. However, with (...) its inherently unpredictable consequences, innovation competition is actually ambiguous in this respect. This feature raises questions over the stringency of market liberal pleas that oppose quests for redistribution and environmental concerns in an absolute fashion. (shrink)

This chapter identifies some of the unique ways in which uploading relates to transformations in values, as well as to collect, and to some extent integrate, diverse yet overlapping ideas and research relevant to the question of teleology in a transhumanist/posthuman context. The transition to a non‐biological substrate represents a nonpareil transformation of values. Given an unprecedented influx of novelty, it is difficult to anticipate new values and directions; however, the underlying patterns of human teleology, coupled with the fundamental values (...) carried forward to the transition, can suggest invariants in values and which directions might be pursued. Would uploaded persons spend most of their time inside or outside virtual reality? Would there be radical diversity in body shape and form, or a concentration of similar morphologies? While many provocative questions remain regarding a post‐biological future, some answers seem strongly supported. (shrink)

This chapter discusses seven of nine and the doctor experience various ups and downs as they navigate the deepest reaches of social and emotional interactions. Conscious experiences have two basic components: the experience itself and the meaning you derive from it, what it means to you. Husserl used two Greek terms, noesis and noema, to explain these aspects. Noesis gives meaning to an experience, as opposed to simply dismissing everyday occurrence as just “things” that happen without any intention or influence. (...) Husserl goes as far as to say that the noesis becomes the “real content” of the experience. In contrast, the noema is the actual meaning of the experience: its point about something, so that the events that happen to us make sense to us in terms of generating personal significance. Husserl distinguishes between the content of an act, what makes an experience meaningful or intentional from its object. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Inspiration History Inside the Beauty Question.

How medical education and practice can move beyond a narrow focus on biological intervention to recognize the lived experiences of illness, suffering, and death. In Afflicted, Nicole Piemonte examines the preoccupation in medicine with cure over care, arguing that the traditional focus on biological intervention keeps medicine from addressing the complex realities of patient suffering. Although many have pointed to the lack of compassion and empathy in medical practice, few have considered the deeper philosophical, psychological, and ontological reasons for (...) it. Piemonte fills that gap, examining why it is that clinicians and medical trainees largely evade issues of vulnerability and mortality and, doing so, offer patients compromised care. She argues that contemporary medical pedagogy and epistemology are not only shaped by the human tendency to flee from the reality of death and suffering but also perpetuate it. The root of the problem, she writes, is the educational and institutional culture that promotes reductionist understandings of care, illness, and suffering but avoids any authentic confrontation with human suffering and the fear and self-doubt that can come with that confrontation. Through a philosophical analysis of the patient-practitioner encounter, Piemonte argues that the doctor, in escaping from authentic engagement with a patient who is suffering, in fact “escapes from herself.” Piemonte explores the epistemology and pedagogy of medicine, examines its focus on calculative or technical thinking, and considers how “clinical detachment” diminishes physicians. She suggests ways that educators might cultivate the capacity for authentic patient care and proposes specific curricular changes to help students expand their moral imaginations. (shrink)

Bodying Postqualitative Research posits the question of what happens when lived, fleshy human bodies engage in postqualitative research in education. It takes as its central concern research propositions aimed at dismantling the structures of humanism that typically govern research in education and uses postqualitative conceptions of data, methodology, and clarity in conjunction with insights from feminist science studies scholars to imagine how we might 'body' postqualitative work. This book uses the provocations offered by postqualitative research and takes these touchpoints to (...) dismantle dominant logics of research, born of neoliberalism and ongoing settler colonialism to offer alternative perspectives. Importantly, this book stays near to the body by proposing caffeine shakes, antipsychotic medications, and scars as moments to take seriously how bodies do researching practices. After each chapter, the book turns to poetry as a "fracture" or a moment of disruption to the rhythm of the text that incites readers to reconsider the previous chapter otherwise. It concludes by asking what bodying postqualitative research might mean for pedagogy and for propositions toward future inquiry. Drawing together the work of feminist science and education scholars oriented toward the biosciences and whose work has not yet been immersed into postqualitative scholarship in a sustained way, this book brings together a vein of feminist science studies theorizing that both deepens and troubles postqualitative scholarship through its focus on the politics of science and the possibilities of doing bodies with biology, culture, and life. The volume is suitable for students and scholars interested in postqualitative and embodied research methods in education, and feminist and gender studies. (shrink)

Esta Cr tica es una obra capital por el solo hecho de que versa sobre los temas en que culmina toda meditaci n sistem tica en filosof a. Es un proyecto de revoluci n te rica.

Landscape and brandingexplores the way landscape is conceptualised, conceived, represented and designed by professionals in a brand-driven age. Landscape - incorporating tangible physical space as well as intangible concepts, narratives, images, and experiences of place - is constructed by a number of creative industries. This book tests the hypothesis that place branding, a powerful marketing and management practice, increasingly blurs the distinction between the promotionof landscape and its production in design terms. Place branding involves the strategic and systematic composition of (...) single-minded, experiential and market-friendly place identities which are consistently communicated across various media, including physical space. How does this implicate or transform notions of place, nature, landscape experience, and the qualitative value of landscape itself? How does this affect the role of landscape architecture? To answer these questions, place branding theory and practice is critically examined alongside an in depth case study of one specific landscape - the Blue Mountains (Australia). Projects undertaken between 1995 and 2015, including a branding strategy for the region, media campaigns, television, cinema, and several landscape architectural works in the public and private domain are comparatively analysed, focusing on the discourse, conventions and values informing their production, and the landscape narratives they convey. (shrink)

Nicole Shukin pursues a resolutely materialist engagement with the "question of the animal," challenging the philosophical idealism that has dogged the question by tracing how the politics of capital and of animal life impinge on one ...

Environmental ethicists often criticize liberalism. For many liberals embrace anthropocentric theories on which only humans have non‐instrumental value. Environmental ethicists argue that such liberals fail to account for many things that matter or provide an ethic sufficient for addressing climate change. These critics suggest that many parts of nature – e.g. non‐human individuals, other species, ecosystems and the biosphere ‐ often these critics also hold that concern for some parts of nature does not always trump concern for others. This article (...) suggests, however, that such inclusive environmental ethicists have a different problem. For when there are many things of value, figuring out what to do can be extremely difficult. Even though climate change is likely to cause problems for many parts of nature, it will probably be good for some other parts. Inclusive environmental ethicists need a theory taking all of the things they care about into account. Otherwise they cannot provide definitive reason even to address climate change. Without this theory, anthropocentric liberals might argue that we should not accept an inclusive environmental ethic. Although there may be something wrong with this line of thought, it at least raises a puzzle for those inclined to accept these ethics. (shrink)

This study investigated the roles of problem structure and strategy use in problem encoding. Fourth‐grade students solved and explained a set of typical addition problems (e.g., 5 + 4 + 9 + 5 = _) and mathematical equivalence problems (e.g., 4 + 3 + 6 = 4 + _ or 6 + 4 + 5 = _ + 5). Next, they completed an encoding task in which they reconstructed addition and equivalence problems after viewing each for 5 s. Equivalence problems (...) of the form 4 + 3 + 6 = 4 + _ overlap with a perceptual pattern found in traditional arithmetic problems (i.e., answer blank in final position), and students' encoding was poorest on problems of this type. Individual differences in encoding the equivalence problems were related to variations in strategy use. Some students solved blank‐final equivalence problems using the standard arithmetic strategy of performing all given operations on all given numbers. These students made more errors in encoding problem structure, but fewer errors in encoding the numbers, than did students who solved the problems using correct or other incorrect strategies. Moreover, students who expressed many strategies for solving the blank‐final equivalence problems made fewer errors in encoding problem structure, but more errors in encoding the numbers, than did students who expressed only a single strategy. Results highlight that encoding is intended to guide action and that prior experience can simultaneously facilitate and interfere with accurate encoding. (shrink)

From Dr. Nicole LePera, creator of "the holistic psychologist"-the online phenomenon with more than 2M followers on Instagram-comes a revolutionary approach to self-improvement, integrating the tools of various modalities and disciplines with traditional psychology to offer a practical program that guides readers to create radical change.

En Los principios de la ciencia est n presentes algunas de las preocupaciones fundamentales que ha expuesto Eduardo Nicol a lo largo de su carrera filos fica: la historicidad, la ontolog a del hombre, la metaf sica de la expresi n, el ser y el conocer. el autor afirma que la ciencia en general se enfrenta actualmente a una crisis radical de sus principios, tanto en lo que se refiere a su teor a como en lo relativo a sus actitudes (...) vitales. (shrink)

Le mot symétrie signifie « avec mesure » et implique une idée d’harmonie, d’équilibre. Au cours des siècles, les définitions de la symétrie ont évolué, dans les arts comme dans la science. Alors que la véritable symétrie n’existe pas dans la nature, Jacques Nicolle se propose d’expliquer ici comment s’est imposée à nous la notion de symétrie.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

Deliberative democracy is an embattled political project. It is accused of political naiveté for it only talks about power without taking power. Others, meanwhile, take issue with deliberative democracy’s dominance in the field of democratic theory and practice. An industry of consultants, facilitators, and experts of deliberative forums has grown over the past decades, suggesting that the field has benefited from a broken political system. This book is inspired by these accusations. It argues that deliberative democracy’s tense relationship with power (...) is not a pathology but constitutive of deliberative practice. Deliberative democracy gains relevance when it navigates complex relations of power in modern societies, learns from its mistakes, remains epistemically humble but not politically meek. These arguments are situated in three facets of deliberative democracy—norms, forums, and systems—and concludes by applying these ideas to three of the most pressing issues in contemporary times—post-truth politics, populism, and illiberalism. (shrink)

Leading legal scholar John Witte, Jr. explores the role religion played in the development of rights in the Western legal tradition and traces the complex interplay between human rights and religious freedom norms in modern domestic and international law. He examines how US courts are moving towards greater religious freedom, while recent decisions of the pan-European courts in Strasbourg and Luxembourg have harmed new religious minorities and threatened old religious traditions in Europe. Witte argues that the robust promotion and protection (...) of religious freedom is the best way to protect many other fundamental rights today, even though religious freedom and other fundamental rights sometimes clash and need judicious balancing. He also responds to various modern critics who see human rights as a betrayal of Christianity and religious freedom as a betrayal of human rights. (shrink)